Term 3 Reproduction

Question 1

Asexual reproduction

Answer 1

Making more copies of the original organism, they are identical clones

Question 2

Sexual reproduction

Answer 2

Reproduction including two individuals, creates variation in offspring

Parents reproductive cells are called GAMETES that join together to form offspring - the egg and the sperm

Question 3

Mitosis

Answer 3

Cell division for growth and repair

5 stages in mitosis

Chromosomes double and stay joined

Cells split into two identical diploid cells
Diploid cells also called daughter cells

Splitting of the cells is calls cytokinesis or cell cleavage

Question 4

Meiosis

Answer 4

Cell division for producing gametes, occurs in the testis and ovaries and makes cells with half the original chromosomes

Question 5

Binary fusion

Answer 5

The way that bacteria reproduce, very similar to mitotis

Question 6

Budding

Answer 6

The way that single felled called fungi like yeast reproduce

Question 7

Tubers

Answer 7

An underground nutrient storage that some plants use

Question 8

Corms

Answer 8

Like tubers except grows exactly next to the parent plant system

Question 9

Germination

Answer 9

The name of the process when seeds start to grow

Question 10

The chemical that acts as messengers in the living things

Answer 10

Hormones

Question 11

Runners

Answer 11

Some plants are able to send out a shoot that touches the ground and grows its own roots.

Question 12

Parthenogenesis

Answer 12

Some organisms can lay eggs that will hatch into identical copies of the parent organism

Question 13

Seedling

Answer 13

When the first leaves and the stem appears above the soil, this is called seeding

Question 14

Mature plant

Answer 14

The seeding will continue to grow into a full mature plant with leaves,roots and stems

Question 15

Flowering

Answer 15

The mature plant will grow flowers. Through pollination, the flowers will produce seeds

Question 16

Stamen

Answer 16

Is the male part of the plant

Question 17

Carpel

Answer 17

The female part of the plant

Question 18

Pollination

Answer 18

When the pollen grain gets to the stigma of the flower.

Question 19

Bladder

Answer 19

Contains urine, not involved in sexual reproduction

Question 20

Penis

Answer 20

Becomes erect during arousal enabling it to enter the vagina

Question 21

Vas deferens

Answer 21

The tube the sperm moves through to get to the urethra

Question 22

Prostate gland

Answer 22

Responsible for making some of the components of semen

Question 23

Testis

Answer 23

Produce males gemetes, sperm through meiosis

Question 24

Scrotum

Answer 24

Houses testis, keeps the temperature right for making sperm

Question 25

Seminal vesicle

Answer 25

Makes some of the fluids in semen

Question 26

receives penis during sexual intercouse

Answer 26

Vagina

Question 27

Ovary

Answer 27

Female egg

Question 28

What is cytokinesis?

Answer 28

The final stage of splitting cells into two in mitosis Also called cell cleavage

Question 29

Advantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 29

Saves energy - no mate needed | Much faster because can do when conditions are good

Question 30

Disadvantages of asexual reproduction

Answer 30

No variation in offspring so all could get disease | Limited ability to adapt to environmental changes

Question 31

Advantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 31

Genetic variation in offspring eg different children | Species can adapt to environmental changes

Question 32

Disadvantages of sexual reproduction

Answer 32

Uses more energy for idniduuals Risk of sexually transmitted disease

Question 33

What is it called when gametes (egg and sperm) join together ?

Answer 33

FUSE to form a ZYGOTE

Question 34

What is a zygote

Answer 34

The first cell produced by ferilisation- when the gametes (egg and sperm) fuse

Question 35

5 life cycles stages of a plant

Answer 35

``` Seed Young plant Mature plant Flower Fruit ```

Question 36

3 things needed for a seed to germinate

Answer 36

Oxygen Water Correct temperature

Question 37

What is it called when a seed grows and turns into a seedling ?

Answer 37

Germination - first grows roots (radicle) and then leaves and stem (plumule)

Question 38

What is the purpose of fruit on a plant ?

Answer 38

Fruit comes from the ovary of a flower Purpose to attract an animal to eat the fruit and then help spread the seeds of the plant to other areas

Question 39

What is the female part of a plant called

Answer 39

Carpel - made up of stigma style and ovary

Question 40

What is the male part of a plant called

Answer 40

Stamen in two parts: - anther which makes the pollen - filament

Question 41

What is pollenisation

Answer 41

When a pollen grains gets to the stigma of a flower

Question 42

What is fertilisation in a plant ?

Answer 42

When the pollen tube has grown through the STYLE and reaches the OVULE - then it’s fuses with the OVUM

Question 43

Name two types of pollination

Answer 43

Insect pollination | Wind pollination

Question 44

Names feature of insect/animal pollination

Answer 44

``` Brightly coloured flowers Distinctive smell or scent Nectar Larger flowers Less pollen than wind pollination plants ```

Question 45

Features of wind pollinated flowers

Answer 45

``` Tend to be green Anthers are exposed to catch the wind No nectar No scenes Large amounts pollen ```

Question 46

Where does a fertilised egg implant itself ?

Answer 46

Into the thick bloody wall of the uterus

Question 47

What is the placenta?

Answer 47

A network of blood vessels that form a disk in the uterus that let nutrients pass from the mother to the foetus

Question 48

What is the fertilised egg called

Answer 48

A zygote

Question 49

How long is a pregnancy for

Answer 49

9 months

Question 50

How is a baby born

Answer 50

Muscular contractions start and the baby is pushed out through the cervix and vagina to be born

Question 51

What is testosterone

Answer 51

The male hormone

Question 52

What is estrogen

Answer 52

The female hormone

Question 53

What are some signs of male puberty

Answer 53

``` Lower voice Hair on chest face legs etc Body gets more muscular Penis gets larger Testes start to produce sperm ```

Question 54

Characteristics of female puberty

Answer 54

Breasts develop Hair under arms and in public area Hips get wider Ovaries begin to release eggs and periods start (menstration)