Formation of Identity

Question 1

Freud

Answer 1

psychosexual stages of personality development based on tensions caused by the libido. Failure at any stage leads to fixation, which causes personality disorder

Question 2

Freud’s stages

Answer 2

0 to 1: oral

1 to 3: Anal

3 to 6: Phallic

6 to puberty: latent

puberty onward: genital

Question 3

Erikson’s stages (8)

Answer 3

Stem from conflicts throughout life

1. Trust vs Mistrust (0 to 1)
2. Autonomy vs Shame (1 to 3)
3. Initiative vs Guilt (3 to 6)
4. Industry vs Inferiority (6 to 12)
5. Identity vs. Role Confusion (12 to 20)
6. Intimacy vs isolation (20 to 40)
7. Generativity vs. Stagnation (40 to 65)
8. Integrity vs. Despair (65 to death)

Question 4

Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

Answer 4

Stages based on moral dilemmas

Example: Mr. Heinz dilemma

6 stages in 3 phases

1. Pre-conventional (share toy, if not, get in trouble)
2. Conventional (slow down because the law says so)
3. Post-conventional (just because the law says so doesn’t mean it is ethical)

Question 5

Vygotsky

Answer 5

Zone of Proximal Development: the skills that a child has not yet mastered and require a more knowledgeable other to accomplish

Question 6

Imitation and Role-Taking

Answer 6

Common way children learn from others

Question 7

Reference group

Answer 7

the group to which we compare ourselves