formation of landforms

Question 1

EROSIONAL- headland and bays

Answer 1

-form along discordant coastlines (alternating bands of rock)
-the weaker bands of rock erode faster to form bays
- the more resistant rocks remain sticking out to form headlands.
-WAVE REFRACTION slows the waves in the shallower water off the headlands and moves faster into the bays

Question 2

EROSIONAL- shore platforms

Answer 2

-when destructive waves break repeatively
on step cliffs in between high and low tide marks
-continued undercutting removes support for the rock above, so it collapses
-when platform reaches 500m wide friction causes waves to break on the platform

Question 3

EROSIONAL- geos

Answer 3

-narrow steep sided inlets
- joints and faults in the headland are eroded more by erosion and solution

Question 4

EROSIONAL- blowholes

Answer 4

• when a top of a tunnel like cave collapses
• waves force spray out of the hole when waves are built with high force

Question 5

EROSIONAL- beaches

Answer 5

-beach form when there is constructive waves push sand up the beach as swash is stronger than back swash.

Question 6

DEPSOITIONAL- onshore bar

Answer 6

1. waves carry sand and shingle along the coast in a zigzag pattern due to longshore drift
2. when waves loose energy sediment is deposited offshore in a straight line, parallel to the coast.
3. over time the deposited sand builds up and joins land on both sides, forming a ridge of sand across a bay.
4. the on shore bar traps water behind it creating a shallow lagoon between the bar and the coastline.

Question 7

On shore bar example

Answer 7

SLAPTON SANDS
south coast of Devon

Question 8

DEPOSITIONAL- spits

Answer 8

1. sediment is transported along a coastline by longshore drift, occurs when waves approach the shore at an angle due to prevailing wind
2. at a bend in the coastline such as a bay the transported sediment starts to build up 3.if winds or waves change direction, the end of the spit may bend

Question 9

spit case example

Answer 9

SPURN POINT
located on the Holderness Coast
sediment has built out into the Humber Estuary

Question 10

DEPOSITIONAL- tombolo

Answer 10

1. waves bend (refract) as they approach an island reducing energy
2. he reduced energy cause sand and shingle to be deposited between the island and mainland.
3. over time the deposited material builds up forming a narrow strip of land that links island to mainland

Question 11

tombolo case example

Answer 11

CHESIL BEACH
connects the isle of Portland to the mainland of Dorset
around 18 miles long

Question 12

DEPOSITIONAL- saltmarsh

Answer 12

1. saltmarshes form in sheltered areas like esturies or behind spits.
2. rivers and tides carry fine mud and silt into the sheltered area. As water slows down the sediment settles
   3.Salt tolerant lants such as cordgrass start to grow on the mud. These trap more sediment with their roots

Question 13

saltmarsh case example

Answer 13

BLACK WATER ESTUARY
-located on the Essex coast