Forms of Social Control, Aims of Punishment, Types of Punishment

Question 1

What does social control mean?

Answer 1

Enforcement of conformity by society by its members by law or social pressure

Question 2

What are internal forms of social control?

Answer 2

Prevents criminal behaviour
Accepts societal norms and values

Question 3

What are external forms of social control?

Answer 3

Influences that persuade or compel a person to conform with rules so that they do not commit a crime

Question 4

What are the 3 Internal forms of social control?

Answer 4

Rational Ideology
Tradition
Internalisation

Question 5

What are the 3 External forms of social control?

Answer 5

Coercion
Fear of punishment
Control theory

Question 6

Define Rational Ideology

Answer 6

People making decisions based on logic and their interests

Question 7

Define Tradition

Answer 7

Norms and values passed down by generations. Stops people committing crime as certain values are inherent

Question 8

Define Internalisation

Answer 8

An individuals acceptance of norms and values

Question 9

Define Coercion

Answer 9

Persuading by forced or threats. Physical or non violent

Question 10

Define Fear of punishment

Answer 10

Worry of committing a crime and going to prison or having to pay a fine because of it

Question 11

Define Control theory

Answer 11

Inner/Outer controls that work against our tendencies to want to deviate or commit a crime

Question 12

What are social rules?

Answer 12

What is right and wrong in society. Can be due to the law or our norms and values

Question 13

Define Morality

Answer 13

Distinction between right and wrong and good and bad behaviour

Question 14

How is Internalisation achieved in institutions?

Answer 14

Schools - teaching students right and wrong, citizenship
Religion - religious teachings of right and wrong behaviour

Question 15

How is Control theory achieved in institutions?

Answer 15

Schools - Working with parents, teaching good behaviour and sanctioning bad behaviour
Religion - Religious teaching to shape behaviour and mould a persons morals and actions

Question 16

How is Rational ideology achieved in institutions?

Answer 16

Schools - Rewards and sanctions to encourage students to make the right choice
Religion - Discussion of rewards/punishments. Heaven and hell

Question 17

How is Coercion achieved in institutions?

Answer 17

Schools - Giving instructions to students. Raising your voice if students misbehave
Religion - Pressure to conform from family/school/parish

Question 18

How is Fear of punishment achieved in institutions?

Answer 18

Schools - Detentions, exclusions, contacting parents
Religion - Sinning, retribution from God

Question 19

How is Tradition achieved in institutions?

Answer 19

Schools - Passing on norms and values. Respect, uniform, charity work
Religion - Christmas, getting married, religious festivals

Question 20

Define Retribution

Answer 20

Punish the offender

Question 21

Define Rehabilitation

Answer 21

Reform the offender

Question 22

Define Detterence

Answer 22

Reducing crime

Question 23

Define Public Protection

Answer 23

Safety

Question 24

Define Reparation

Answer 24

Giving back to the victim

Question 25

What are discharges?

Answer 25

Given at the least serious offences. Absolute discharge - no punishment because going to court is punishment enough. There is still a criminal record Conditional discharge - If the offender commits another crime, they get sentenced for both offences.

Question 26

What are fines?

Answer 26

Most common type of sentence given. Given for low level crimes. Amount is set by the court after considering the seriousness of the offence and how much money the offender can pay. Fines are given to organisations or companies as well as people.

Question 27

What are community sentences?

Answer 27

Combines punishment with activities carried out in the community. Includes 1 or more of 13 requirements on an offender Offender might have alcohol or drug treatment. This aims to tackle why they committed the crime. They might also have a curfew

Question 28

What are the list of requirements of a community sentence?

Answer 28

Unpaid work for up to 300 hours Mental health/drug/alcohol treatment Adherence to curfew, offender is at a particular place at certain times

Question 29

What are custodial sentences?

Answer 29

Reserved for the most serious offences such as murder

Question 30

What are the different types of custodial sentences?

Answer 30

Suspended sentences, Determinate sentences, Extended sentences, Life sentences

Question 31

What are suspended sentences?

Answer 31

When an offender does: Unpaid work On a curfew alcohol or drug treatment Rehabilitation

Question 32

What are determinate prison sentences?

Answer 32

The court sets a fixed length for the prison sentence and is the most common type of prison sentence. For example, If an offender is given a 4 year prison sentence, this is the maximum sentence they can be given but they will not spend the whole time of this in prison

Question 33

What are extended prison sentences?

Answer 33

Provide extra safety to the public. Given to an offender 18+

Question 34

When are extended prison sentences given?

Answer 34

Offender is guilty of a violent or sexual offence Court assess the offender as a risk to the public A sentence of imprisonment for life is not available Offender has a previous conviction of offence

Question 35

What are life sentences?

Answer 35

Offenders are subject to a sentence for the rest of their life.

Question 36

What are the 3 types of life sentences?

Answer 36

Mandatory life sentences Whole life order Discretionary life sentences

Question 37

What are Ancillary orders?

Answer 37

When the judge imposes orders on the offender. Some ancillary orders are aimed at redressing the harm caused by an offender, such as compensation orders. Others aim to prevent future re-offending or repeat victimisation, including criminal behaviour orders and exclusion orders.

Question 38

What are 3 ancillary orders available?

Answer 38

Criminal behaviour orders Restraining orders Deprivation orders

Question 39

How are the aims of punishment met when a fine is given?

Answer 39

Reparation - giving money back Deterrence - stops offender to do it again Retribution - most common type of punishment

Question 40

How are the aims of punishment met when a discharge is given?

Answer 40

Retribution - Offender has a criminal record Deterrence - If offender does another crime, they get punished for both offences

Question 41

How are the aims of punishment met when a community sentence is given?

Answer 41

Retribution - formal type of punishment for the criminal Reparation - doing unpaid work for the community Rehabilitation - better mental health and changed mindset

Question 42

How are the aims of punishment met when a custodial sentence is given?

Answer 42

Rehabilitation - offenders have a changed mindset Deterrence - offender is in jail and can no longer have a life sentence Public protection - criminal is no longer in the public Retribution - offender is punished in the most serious way

Question 43

How are the aims of punishment not met when a fine is given?

Answer 43

Rehabilitation - no link to change the mindset of the offender Public protection - no link to protecting the public however it may stop the criminal

Question 44

How are the aims of punishment not met when a discharge is given?

Answer 44

Public protection - offender is out in the public Rehabilitation - offender does not get reformed and thinks the same way Reparation - Offender gives nothing back

Question 45

How are the aims of punishment not met when a community sentence is given?

Answer 45

Public protection - still out in the public, temptation to reoffend. Recidivism

Question 46

How are the aims of punishment not met when a custodial sentence is given?

Answer 46

Reparation - offender cant give anything back, the criminal act is too serious