Law making, Organisations and Models of the Criminal Justice System

Question 1

Parliament

Answer 1

A body of representatives that makes a law for a nation

Question 2

Government

Answer 2

The system or group of people governing an organized community

Question 3

House of Commons

Answer 3

MPs who are voted by the public

Question 4

House of Lords

Answer 4

People thought to be wise. They double check laws to make sure they are fair

Question 5

Judiciary

Answer 5

Systems of courts that adjudicates legal disputes that interprets and applies the law

Question 6

Green paper

Answer 6

The first proposal (draft)

Question 7

White paper

Answer 7

A formal proposal to go through public consultation

Question 8

What is a select committee?

Answer 8

A select number of people who are experts in a field of knowledge to help pass or change a law

Question 9

Consultation stage

Answer 9

Public petition, green and white papers into a bill

Question 10

First reading

Answer 10

Bill is read for the first time in houses

Question 11

Second reading

Answer 11

Bill is debated in houses. Votes are made

Question 12

Committee stage

Answer 12

Changes and/or amendments are made by a select number of MPs

Question 13

Report stage

Answer 13

Bill with changes is reported to the houses and are voted again

Question 14

Third reading

Answer 14

MPs debate in its final form

Question 15

Royal assent

Answer 15

Monarchy signs - act of parliament

Question 16

Judicial precedent

Answer 16

Made by judges in the court. They must make a judgement, and this forms a law

Question 17

Statutory interpretation

Answer 17

Can call on more senior judges to interpret words and phrases within the laws.

Question 18

What are aggravating factors?

Answer 18

Factors that go against the offender. Such as lying. More likely to be guilty.

Question 19

What are mitigating factors?

Answer 19

Factors that are in favour of the offender. It can shorten the offenders sentence by up to a third

Question 20

What are 3 roles for judges?

Answer 20

A fair trial
Provide a summary
Impose an appropriate sentence

Question 21

What are 3 roles for the police?

Answer 21

Arrest and detain
Protect public
Patrol area

Question 22

Identify and describe the four different types of sentencing

Answer 22

Prison
Community Sentence (service)
Fines
Discharge

Question 23

How do the police deal with minor crimes?

Answer 23

A caution or warning
A police fine, called a penalty notice
A community sentence/service

Question 24

What are 4 roles for the CPS?

Answer 24

Advise police on cases for possible prosecution
Review cases submitted by police for prosecution
Prepare cases for court
Presents these cases in courts

Question 25

How do courts and judges work with the CPS?

Answer 25

To prosecute people in court Prepares/presents cases for/in court

Question 26

How do the police and the CPS work together?

Answer 26

Review cases submitted by the police for prosecution CPS advise police during the early stages

Question 27

How do the police work with courts and judges?

Answer 27

Both protect the public Courts enforces laws that the police have to follow

Question 28

How does parliament work with the police?

Answer 28

Enforces law made by parliament

Question 29

How does parliament and courts and judges work together?

Answer 29

Enforces law made by parliament via sentencing

Question 30

How do court and judges work with formal sentencing?

Answer 30

Decides the sentence/punishment Aims to put offenders in prison

Question 31

How does the police work with formal punishment?

Answer 31

Police decide on the spot when giving fines Makes arrests and make suitable punishments

Question 32

What is the Crime control model?

Answer 32

Guilty until proven innocent

Question 33

What is the Due process model?

Answer 33

Innocent until proven guilty

Question 34

Is Crime control conservative or liberal?

Answer 34

Conservative

Question 35

Is Due process conservative or liberal?

Answer 35

Liberal

Question 36

What is the most important value of the Crime control model?

Answer 36

Control of criminal behaviour

Question 37

What is the most important value of the Due process model?

Answer 37

Protect the innocent and convict the guilty

Question 38

What does the crime control model encourage?

Answer 38

Plea bargaining

Question 39

What are the strengths of crime control?

Answer 39

Condemns individuals for a criminal action Effective and beneficial to society Punish people and make a difference to society in reducing crime

Question 40

What is the weakness of crime control?

Answer 40

Risks the conviction of innocent people to achieve its goal

Question 41

What are the strengths of due process?

Answer 41

Individual is protected under human rights Limits the coercive powers of the criminal agencies A fair trial in court

Question 42

What are the weaknesses of due process?

Answer 42

Mistakes can happen Criminal agencies may act corruptly or dishonestly Less faith in the criminal agencies