Foundation: B2 - Organisation

Question 1

What is the definition of a tissue

Answer 1

a tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and function working together eg. muscular tissue

Question 2

What is the definition of an organ

Answer 2

an organ is a collection of tissues working together to perform a specific function eg. muscular tissue to churn the stomach

Question 3

What is the function of the large intestine

Answer 3

absorbs excess water from undigested food

Question 4

What is the function of the anus

Answer 4

secretes waste from the body

Question 5

What is the function of the liver in digestion

Answer 5

produces bile

Question 6

What is the function of the liver in digestion

Answer 6

stores bile

Question 7

What is the test for starch?

Answer 7

iodine test, turns blue-black

Question 8

What are proteins made up of

Answer 8

long chains of amino acids

Question 9

The function of lipids is to

Answer 9

act as an efficient energy store

Question 10

How would you test for the presence of protein in a food and what would a positive result look like

Answer 10

biuret test, turns purple

Question 11

How would you test for the presence of sugars in a food and what would a positive result look like

Answer 11

benedicts test, turns brick red

Question 12

What type of carbohydrates have only 1 sugar unit

Answer 12

simple sugars eg. glucose

Question 13

How would you test for lipids in a food and what would a positive result look like

Answer 13

ethanol test, turns cloudy white

Question 14

The model of how enzymes work is known as the

Answer 14

lock and key model

Question 15

What is the active site of an enzyme

Answer 15

where the substrate binds to the enzyme

Question 16

Define catalyst

Answer 16

a chemical that speeds up reactions

Question 17

What 2 factors can affect enzyme action

Answer 17

temperature and pH

Question 18

What specific enzyme breaks down starch

Answer 18

amylase

Question 19

Where would you find protease enzymes breaking down proteins

Answer 19

stomach and small intestine

Question 20

Fats are broken down into

Answer 20

fatty acids and glycerol

Question 21

What organ can all enzymes be made in

Answer 21

the pancreas

Question 22

Why do certain enzymes work at better pH’s

Answer 22

because the enzymes all work in different parts of the digestive system, each with varying pH levels

Question 23

What is the function of bile

Answer 23

to neutralise acidic food leaving the stomach

Question 24

What are the 4 components that make up blood

Answer 24

rbc, wbc, plasma and platelets

Question 25

What shape are red blood cells and how does this aid in their function

Answer 25

biconcave, increase surface area for diffusion

Question 26

What are the 3 types of blood vessel

Answer 26

vein, artery, capillary

Question 27

What vessel has a thick layer of muscle surrounding the lumen

Answer 27

artery

Question 28

What vessel has a wide lumen

Answer 28

vein

Question 29

What is meant by the term double circulatory system

Answer 29

2 transport systems, one from your heart to lungs to gather oxygen and one from heart to body to transport oxygen

Question 30

What type of vessel carries blood away from the heart

Answer 30

artery

Question 31

Describe the pathway blood takes from entering the heart to the lungs

Answer 31

deoxygenated blood enters through the vena cava into the right atrium, down into right ventricle then out through the pulmonary artery to the lungs

Question 32

Why is the left wall of the heart thicker than the right

Answer 32

pumps blood to whole body

Question 33

What is the purpose of heart valves

Answer 33

keeps blood flowing in the right direction

Question 34

What vessels supply the heart with oxygenated blood

Answer 34

coronary arteries

Question 35

How does a stent work in solving the problem of coronary heart disease

Answer 35

metal mesh placed in artery, balloon inflated to open up vessel, stent keeps holding artery open whilst balloon is removed

Question 36

What type of medication can reduce the chance of coronary heart disease and how do they work

Answer 36

statins, reduce cholesterol levels in the blood

Question 37

Where is the hearts natural pacemaker located

Answer 37

right atrium

Question 38

What type of signals does your pacemaker send out

Answer 38

electrical

Question 39

Why might you need an artificial pacemaker

Answer 39

your heart cannot keep a natural rhythm

Question 40

What is a positive about having a biological replacement heart valve

Answer 40

do not have to take any medication

Question 41

What is a negative about having a mechanical heart valves

Answer 41

made of man made materials, have to take anti-clotting medication

Question 42

Where is the site of gas exchange in your lungs

Answer 42

alveoli

Question 43

What tube connects the mouth to the lungs

Answer 43

trachea/windpipe

Question 44

Why are the alveoli adapted for their function

Answer 44

large surface area, surrounded by capillaries

Question 45

What type of tissue contains lots of chloroplasts in a plant

Answer 45

palisade mesophyll

Question 46

What type of tissue moves water around the plant

Answer 46

xylem

Question 47

What type of tissue moves glucose and other sugars around the plant

Answer 47

phloem

Question 48

What is the movement of sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant known as

Answer 48

translocation

Question 49

What piece of equipment can you use to measure water loss

Answer 49

potometer

Question 50

What part of the leaf helps to reduce water loss

Answer 50

waxy waterproof layer

Question 51

What is water loss through leaves of a plant known as

Answer 51

transpiration

Question 52

What is the function of lungs

Answer 52

to take in oxygen and give out carbon dioxide, gas exchange