Foundation: B6 - Inheritance

Question 1

What type of cells does meiosis produce?

Answer 1

Gametes

Question 2

How many chromosomes are in a human sex cell?

Answer 2

23

Question 3

How many chromosomes are in a human body cell?

Answer 3

46

Question 4

What is sexual reproduction?

Answer 4

Reproduction in which gametes from two parents fuse, eg. egg and sperm

Question 5

What is asexual reproduction?

Answer 5

Reproduction that involves only one parent.

Question 6

What type of offspring are produced in asexual reproduction?

Answer 6

Genetically identical

Question 7

What type of offspring are produced in sexual reproduction?

Answer 7

Genetically unique

Question 8

Outline the stages of meiosis.

Answer 8

1. Copes of genetic information are made
2. The cell divides twice to form four gametes, each with a single set of chromsomes
3. All of the gametes are genetically different from each other

Question 9

What is the structure of DNA?

Answer 9

A polymer that forms a double helix

Question 10

What is a gene?

Answer 10

A small section of DNA on a chromosome.

Question 11

What is the role of a gene?

Answer 11

It codes for a sequence of amino acids to make a specific protein

Question 12

What is a genome?

Answer 12

The entire genetic material of an organism

Question 13

Why is understanding the human genome important?

Answer 13

It can help idenitfy genes linked to certain types of diseases
It can help to understand and treat inherited diseases
It is used to trace human migration pattersn

Question 14

What is a gamete?

Answer 14

A sex cell

Question 15

What is an allele?

Answer 15

One version of a gene

Question 16

What is a dominant allele?

Answer 16

One allele is needed for the characteristic to be present

Question 17

What is a recessive allele?

Answer 17

Two copes of the alleles are needed for the characteristic to be present

Question 18

Define genotype

Answer 18

The combination of alleles an individual has

Question 19

Define phenotype

Answer 19

The characteristics an individual has

Question 20

What does homozygous mean?

Answer 20

Two of the same alleles

Question 21

What does heterozygous mean?

Answer 21

Two different alleles

Question 22

What is polydactyly?

Answer 22

An inherited disorder that causes extra fingers or toes

Question 23

What type of allele causes polydactyly?

Answer 23

A dominant allele

Question 24

What is cystic fibrosis?

Answer 24

An inherited disorders that causes problems with the lungs

Question 25

What type of allele causes cystic fibrosis?

Answer 25

Two recessive alleles

Question 26

What sex chromosomes do females have?

Answer 26

XX

Question 27

What sex chromosomes do males have?

Answer 27

XY

Question 28

What factors can affect the characteristics an individual has?

Answer 28

Genetic, environmental or both

Question 29

What is variation?

Answer 29

Differences between individuals

Question 30

What is the cause of all variation?

Answer 30

Random mutations of DNA

Question 31

What is a species?

Answer 31

Organisms that can reproduce to produce fertile offspring are in the same species.

Question 32

What process causes changes to a population over time?

Answer 32

Natural selection

Question 33

What is selective breeding?

Answer 33

Humans select which individuals should breed based on their traits, to produce offspring with similar traits.

Question 34

What types of characteristics have been chosen for through selective breeding?

Answer 34

Disease resistance in crops Animals that produce more milk or meat Domestic dogs with a gentle nature Large or unusual flowers

Question 35

What are some problems with selective breeding?

Answer 35

It can lead to inbreeding which causes some breed to be prone to disease or inherited defects

Question 36

What is genetic engineering?

Answer 36

Genes from one organism are inserted into the genome of another to give a desired characteristic

Question 37

What have plants been genetically engineered for?

Answer 37

To produce bigger and better fruits | To be resistant to diseases

Question 38

What have bacterial cells been genetically engineered for?

Answer 38

To produce useful substances like insulin for people with type 1 diabetes

Question 39

What is the eveidence for evolution?

Answer 39

The fossil record Antibiotic resistant bacteria Genetic evidence

Question 40

Why are there gaps in the fossil record?

Answer 40

It is difficult for soft tissue to be fossilised

Question 41

What is extinction?

Answer 41

When there are no remaining individuals of a species still alive.

Question 42

How can the development of antibiotic resistance be reduced?

Answer 42

Not over prescribing antibiotics Completing prescribed courses of antibiotics Reducing the use of antibiotics in farm animals

Question 43

What scientist developed the binomial classification system?

Answer 43

Carl Linnaeus

Question 44

How are organisms classified?

Answer 44

Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

Question 45

How are organisms named with the binomial system?

Answer 45

Genus and species

Question 46

What are the three domains?

Answer 46

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota