Foundation: B3 - Infection & response

Question 1

Define pathogen.

Answer 1

A microorganism that causes infectious disease

Question 2

What are the 4 types of microorganisms that can cause disease?

Answer 2

Bacteria, virus, fungi, protist

Question 3

Other than microorganisms, what other factors can affect health?

Answer 3

Stress, diet, life situation

Question 4

How do bacteria divide and cause disease?

Answer 4

Binary fission (splitting in half), release toxins

Question 5

How do viruses divide and cause disease?

Answer 5

Have to divide in a host cell, destroys host cells

Question 6

Give some examples of communicable diseases.

Answer 6

Any infectious disease

Question 7

Define a non-communicable disease.

Answer 7

A disease which cannot be spread/passed on

Question 8

What type of pathogen causes measles?

Answer 8

Virus

Question 9

Why is measles rare in the UK?

Answer 9

Most children are vaccinated

Question 10

How is HIV spread?

Answer 10

Bodily fluids eg. blood

Question 11

Describe the symptoms of tobacco mosaic virus.

Answer 11

Mosaic pattern on leaves/discolouration

Question 12

How do antibiotics stop bacterial diseases?

Answer 12

Stop the replication process

Question 13

What type of bacterial disease can be caused by undercooked food?

Answer 13

Salmonella

Question 14

How can you catch gonorrhoea?

Answer 14

Unprotected sexual contact

Question 15

Why has gonorrhea become harder to treat?

Answer 15

Antibiotic resistance

Question 16

What fungal disease causes purple or black spots on leaves?

Answer 16

Rose black spot

Question 17

How do fungal diseases such as rose black spot transmit from plant to plant?

Answer 17

Spores in the air

Question 18

What is meant by the term vector?

Answer 18

Organisms that carries and transmits disease eg. mosquito

Question 19

What type of pathogen is spread by mosquitoes and what disease does it cause?

Answer 19

Protist, malaria

Question 20

How can you reduce the spread of malaria?

Answer 20

Insect nets, bug repellent, preventing reproduction, anti-malarial tablets

Question 21

Describe the lines of defence to stop pathogens entering the body.

Answer 21

Skin as a barrier, stomach acid, mucus & ciliated cells in airways

Question 22

Give the 3 ways white blood cells protect from disease.

Answer 22

Ingest pathogens, produce antibodies, produce antitoxins

Question 23

How do antibodies work?

Answer 23

They have a specific shape to attach to the pathogen and destroy it.

Question 24

What is present in a vaccine?

Answer 24

Dead or inactivated pathogen

Question 25

Describe the concept of herd immunity.

Answer 25

If most of the population is vaccinated, then the few that are not are less likely to come into contact with someone infected

Question 26

What is the difference between drugs such as paracetamol and penicillin?

Answer 26

Painkillers only treat symptoms, antibiotics kill bacteria to cure disease

Question 27

Why do antibiotics not work on viral diseases?

Answer 27

As viruses replicate inside cells and we do not want to destroy our own body cells

Question 28

Where does the drug aspirin originate from?

Answer 28

The bark of willow trees

Question 29

What drug originates from foxgloves?

Answer 29

Digitalis

Question 30

Where did penicillin originate from?

Answer 30

Mould

Question 31

What are the stages in drug testing?

Answer 31

Tests on cell and tissues, tests on healthy volunteers, tests on patients

Question 32

What three things are drugs tested for before they can be sold?

Answer 32

Toxicity, efficacy, dose

Question 33

Why is it difficult to develop drugs to treat bacterial infections?

Answer 33

Viruses are inside cells, so medication would destroy body cells in order to attack viruses

Question 34

How can the development of antibiotic resistant bacteria be reduced?

Answer 34

Complete all antibiotic prescriptions, do not over use antibiotics, reduce the use of antibiotics in farm animals