FOUNDATIONS Flashcards
(33 cards)
Philosophical presuppositions
Beliefs which provide the foundation for everything one believes, with constitute the real basis for ones attitudes, words, and actions.
Logical Conclusions
The results, or outcomes, which will occur as a result of living consistently and coherently with one’s philosophical presuppositions.
Line Of Despair (Thanatos Syndrome)
The gulf, chasm, or abyss in terms of one’s philosophy which arises when one’s philosophical presuppositions are reviled to be erroneous, destructive, and deadly
Absolute Proof
Evidence and interpretation of the evidence leaves an absolute zero margin for error.
Conclusive Proof
When evidence and interpretation makes it absolutely reasonable to accept a position and unreasonable to reject it. Qualitative vs quantitative arguments.
Empirical Claims
Proposed truths concerning physical reality. (5 senses)
Analytical Claims
Proposed truth concerning words and their meaning.
Value Claims
Truths concerning what one should be or what one should do .
Metaphysical Claims
(other end of empirical) Truths concerning non-physical, transcendent reality.
-PRINCIPLES OF LOGIC-
INTUITIVE PRINCIPLES:
Law of Identity
Everything that exists has a specific nature. Has characteristics that are part of what it is.
-PRINCIPLES OF LOGIC-
INTUITIVE PRINCIPLES:
Law of Noncontradiction
Two propositions, if they contradict each other, cannot both be true.
-PRINCIPLES OF LOGIC-
INTUITIVE PRINCIPLES:
The Law of the Excluded Middle
(Mutually exclusive claims) Either a proposition or its negative is true.
-PRINCIPLES OF LOGIC-
INTUITIVE PRINCIPLES:
The Law Of Verification
A proposition must be willing to face the same criteria that it demands for the claim that it opposes.
-PRINCIPLES OF LOGIC-
INTUITIVE PRINCIPLES:
The Law of Cogito(ergo sum)
Two self evident claims, the counter claims to each are self-contradictory
-PRINCIPLES OF LOGIC-
PROBABILISTIC PRINCIPLES:
The Immutability of Math throughout the Universe
3 is always 3 and can never be two or four.
-PRINCIPLES OF LOGIC-
PROBABILISTIC PRINCIPLES:
The Immutability of physical laws throughout the Universe
Gravity is always gravity and conformed to gravitational principles.
EPISTEMOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO MORAL AND ETHICAL DECISION MAKING:
MAJORITY OPINION
The Beliefe that the opinions and actions of the majority of individuals in the group constitute a bases for determining what is true and right.
EPISTEMOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO MORAL AND ETHICAL DECISION MAKING:
Genetic Programing & Socialization Processes (Nature/Nurture - Presupposition & Conditioning
Genetic Conditioning determines what is true and right. (Its just who I am)
EPISTEMOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO MORAL AND ETHICAL DECISION MAKING:
PERSONAL INTUITION (Feeling & Mystical Enlightenment)
Personal feeling, inner “knowing,” mystical impressions, and individual intuition are a valid basis for determining what is true and right.
EPISTEMOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO MORAL AND ETHICAL DECISION MAKING:
EXTERNAL, OBJECTIVE REVELATION (Metaphysical Encounter)
A metaphysical source for knowledge and guidance is preferable as a source for determining what is rue and right.
FALLACIES IN INDUCTIVE LOGIC:
APPEAL TO AUTHORITY
The attempt to show that a positions should be accepted by drawing attention to the fact that a popular and well-known figure seems to support this position. (relevance issue)
FALLACIES IN INDUCTIVE LOGIC:
AD HOMINEM (against the man)
Attempt to discredit a position by attacking a person associated with said position. (relevance issue)
FALLACIES IN INDUCTIVE LOGIC:
ARGUMENT FROM ANALOGY
The attempt to gain support for a position by making and unfair comparisons between two things, the purpose of witch is to give the appearance of a relationship where there is none. (relevance issue)
FALLACIES IN INDUCTIVE LOGIC:
ARGUMENT FROM FORCE
Attempt is made to gain support from a position and compliance to demands by threatening physical and/or non-physical harm. This approach operated from a “bully” mentality, as though the power to harm someone proves the validity of ones position. (relevance issue)
