OTHER Midterm stuff Flashcards
(32 cards)
What philosophical viewpoint maintains that we consist of two distinct substances (body and mind) and that these two interact?
Substance Dualism
Where did Descartes believe that interaction between body and mind took place?
The Pineal Gland
What is the idea that mental states are dispositions to behave in particular ways in certain circumstances?
Logical Behaviorism.
With what commonsense intuition is logical behaviorism is at odds?
That mental states cause behavior.
What is the theory that says mental states are nothing but brain states?
Identity theory
What does Descartes maintain to be the chief characteristic of physical things?
They have Extension– That is length, width, and height.
What kind of argument is Descartes offering when reasons that it is conceivable that he could exist without his body and that whatever is conceivable is logically possible?
Conceivability Argument
What is the argument stating the contention that bodies and minds must be different things because bodies can be divided into parts but minds cannot?
Divisibility Argument
What do some theorists argue that the existence of a form of mental illness known as multiple personality disorder suggest concerning the mind?
That it is divisible
With what mind-body theory does the biblical account of the soul stand at odds?
Soul Body Dualism
Regarding mind and body, what theoretical is held by most contemporary philosophers?
Identity theory**
What principle do critics claim that substance dualism violates?
Casual Closure of the Physical and the Law of Conservation
According to Descartes, what is the essential nature of the mind, or soul?
A thinking and unextended thing
What does Descartes claim concerning the mind in relation to the body?
The mind Can exist without the body.
What does Descartes asserts concerning his existence as a substance with an essence?
That he was a substance, the whole essence (nature) of with is to think, and that for its existence there is no need for any ‘place’ or ‘material thing’
According to d’Holbach, what is the truth concerning the mental and moral attributes that people think are evidence or an immaterial soul?
purely physical and natural
According to d’Holbach, what reality explains why people always as they do?
Nature
According to Taylor, with what does hard determinism conflict?
he fact of deliberation and our sense that some actions are up to us.
What does soft determinism maintain concerning human choices?
*the thesis of determinism is true.
According to the soft determinist, what does it mean to say that you could have done otherwise concerning your desires?
if your desires had been different.
According to Sartre, what concept concerning human existence do existentialists have in common?
They think that existence precedes essence.
According to Sartre, who is the one being in whom existence may be said to precede essence?
Man
According to Sartre, what is the first principle of existentialism?
Man is nothing else but what he makes of himself.
According to Sartre, what is the inevitable conclusion concerning human actions if God does not exist?
Anything is permissible.
