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foundations of cognitive memory Flashcards

(22 cards)

1
Q

structural encoding:

A

shallow processing that emphasizes the physical structure of the stimulus. e.g recognizing how many vowels are in a word

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2
Q

phonemic encoding:

A

involves naming or saying the word. emphasizes what a word sounds like

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3
Q

semantic encoding:

A

emphasizes deep processing by processing the meaning of something. involves thinking about what the word actually represents

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4
Q

which encoding is the weakest?

A

structural

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5
Q

which encoding is the strongest?

A

semantic

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6
Q

short term memory lasts from:

A

20 to 30 seconds. its capacity is extremely limited

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7
Q

short term memory is sometimes referred to as:

A

working memory

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8
Q

why do we need short term memory?

A

its a buffer for what we store in long term memory

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9
Q

long term memory is represented and organized in these 3 ways:

A
  1. schemas
  2. conceptual hierarchies
  3. semantic network
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10
Q

schema:

A

organized cluster of knowledge about a particular object or event abstracted from previous experience with the object and or event

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11
Q

types of schemas:

A

schema consistent, schema integration, schema inconsistent

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12
Q

Bartlett defined schemas as:

A

an active organization of past experiences in which the mind abstracts a cognitive structure to represent many instances in those experiences

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13
Q

in Bartletts study, he told a Native American legend and the task was:

A

to recall as much as possible of the story

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14
Q

Bartletts findings:

A

participants changed subjects of the story to make it fit into their own culture. canoes changing into boats, seal hunting changing into fishing

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15
Q

recall:

A

measurement of retention that requires reproducing info with any cues

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16
Q

recognition:

A

measurement of retention that requires selection of previously learned info from an array of options

17
Q

forgetting can be caused by defects in:

A

encoding, strage and retrieval or a combination of the three

18
Q

it is believed forgetting is an ___ quality

A

adaptive. it allows a person to declutter their mind of things that are no longer important

19
Q

Herman ebbinghaus tested his own memory using:

A

nonsense syllables

20
Q

nonsense syllables:

A

combinations of letters that aren’t words but are pronounceable

21
Q

why did ebbinhaus choose non sense syllables for his experiment?

A

they are untainted by previous experiences