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lecture 2 Flashcards

(31 cards)

1
Q

nervous system is composed of these 2 major cells:

A

neurons and gilal cells

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2
Q

how many neurons in human brain?

A

100 billion

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3
Q

how many synapses in human brain?

A

100 trillion

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4
Q

what are synapses?

A

the gap where two neurons meet

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5
Q

what do glial cells do?

A

provide support for neurons by supplying nourishment to neurons, remove waste product, and insulation around axons

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6
Q

basic parts of the neuron: (6)

A

soma, nucleus, dendrites, axon, terminal buttons, synapse (or synaptic cleft)

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7
Q

soma and what does it contain?

A

cell body, and contains the nucleus and organelles of the neuron

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8
Q

dendrites:

A

part of neuron that receives info from other neurons

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9
Q

axon:

A

long thin fiber that transmits signal from the soma to other neurons, muscles or glands. most covered in myelin sheath

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10
Q

terminal buttons:

A

small knobs that secrete neurotransmitters which enters the synapse between two neurons to send info to the dendrite of the neighboring neuron

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11
Q

principal neurons:

A

sends signals to another brain region

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12
Q

interneurons:

A

receives and sends signals within a local region in the nervous system

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13
Q

motor neurons

A

has dendrites that extend it over a long distance to send signals to muscles

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14
Q

sensory neurons:

A

receive signals from sensory organs

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15
Q

how do neurons communicate?

A

by producing electrical energy to signal terminal buttons to release neurotransmitters into the synapse

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16
Q

excitatory post synaptic potentials is a:

A

positive voltage shift that increases the likelihood the next neuron will fire an action potential

17
Q

inhibitory post synaptic potentials is a:

A

negative voltage shift that decreases the likelihood the next neuron will fire an action potential

18
Q

GABA produces ______ effects on neurons

19
Q

glumamate produces ____ effects on neurons

20
Q

agonists:

A

chemicals that mimic the action of a neurotransmitter

21
Q

antagonists are:

A

chemicals that oppose the action of a neurotransmitter

22
Q

cell assembly:

A

interconnected neurons representing a perception of concept, which could be strengthened by experience

23
Q

long term potentiation:

A

cellular mechanism for strengthening connection between neurons, increasing EPSP and probability of action potential

24
Q

long term potentiation requires 2 synaptic events:

A
  1. pre synaptic signal
  2. increase in the potential of the post synaptic cell
25
long term depression:
decrease in synaptic efficiency
26
where does long term potentiation and long term depression occur
hippocampus, amygdala, striatum and elsewhere in cerebral cortex
27
hippocampus function:
consolidation of memory
28
amygdala function:
emotions, fear, aggression
29
olfactory bulb:
processes sense of smell
30
cingulate gyrus function:
emotions and behaviors
31