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Science for Medicine A > Foundations of Immunology > Flashcards

Foundations of Immunology Flashcards

1
Q

Lymphatic system consist of___

A 
Cervical
Axillary
Bronchial
Abdominal
Inguinal
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2
Q

Lymphatic Ducts

A

Right lymphatic duct

Thoracic duct

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3
Q

Function of lymphatic system

A

Drainage of tissue (away)
Absorption and transport of fatty acids
Immunity

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4
Q

What are the walls of the lymphatic vessel composed of__

A

simple squamous epithelial cells

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5
Q

Lymphatic drainage

A

Lymph&raquo_space; Afferent vessel&raquo_space; LN&raquo_space; Efferent vessel&raquo_space; Lymphatic trunk&raquo_space;> Lymphatic ducts&raquo_space;> Venous system (subclavian or jugluar vein)»> Blood

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6
Q

Lymphoid organs

A

Primary: bone marrow
Secondary: spleen, thymus, lymph nodes, tonsil, cutaneous immune system, mucosal immune system (Peyer’s Patch)

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7
Q

Thymus T cell education

A
  1. Generated in the bone marrow
  2. Matures in thymus
  3. Positive selection: check for either CD4+ or CD8+
  4. Negative selection: check cells do not react to self
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8
Q

Low affinity interactions of T cells

A

Positive selection

Survival signal

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9
Q

High affinity interactions of T cells

A

Clonal deletion

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10
Q

MHC 1

A

CD8+

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11
Q

MHC 2

A

CD4+

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12
Q

The spleen consists of ____

A

White pulp and Red pulp

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13
Q

White pulp

A

Lymphocytes
T cell zone
B cell zone

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14
Q

Red pulp

A 
Vascular sinusoid
Large number of RBC
Macrophages
Dendritic cells
Sparse lymphocytes
Plasma cells
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15
Q

Function of spleen

A

Blood filter and immune function

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16
Q

Lymph Node Structure

A

T cell zones
B cell zones
HEVs

17
Q

Function of lymph node

A

Filter and purify the lymph before it enters the venous system
Maintain and produce mature B cells and house T cells

18
Q

HEV

A

High endothelial venules

Specialised post-capillary swelling that enables lymphocytes circulating in the blood to directly enter the lymph nodes

19
Q

Peyer’s Patch

A

Aggregates of lymphoid cells that protrude inside the intestinal lumen

20
Q

Function of Peyer’s patch

A

Initiate immune response in gut
M cells transport antigen to Peyer’s patch
This antigen is carried to the LN that drain it

21
Q

Tonsils

A

Lymphoid tissues on either side of the throat

Involved in defence of upper respiratory infection

22
Q

MHC class 1 is_____

A

found on virtually all nucleated cells
Trigger cytotoxic response
Prevents virally induced peptides to CD8+ T cells

23
Q

MHC class 2 is_____

A

found only on professional APCs (macrophages, dendritic cells and B cells)
Presents antigen to CD4+ T cells

24
Q

Effector T cells

A

Th1
Th2
Th17
Tfh

25
Th1 | Cytokines, target cells, immune reaction, host defence, role in disease
IFN-y, macrophages, macrophage activation, intracellular pathogens., autoimmunity and chronic inflammation
26
Th2 | Cytokines, target cells, immune reaction, host defence, role in disease
IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, Eosinophils, Eosinophil and mast cell activation, Helminths, Allergy
27
Th17 | Cytokines, target cells, immune reaction, host defence, role in disease
IL-17, IL-22, Neutrophils, Neutrophil recruitment and activation, extracellular bacteria and fungi, autoimmunity, inflammation
28
Tfh | Cytokines, target cells, immune reaction, host defence, role in disease
IL-21, B cells, Antibody production, Extracellular pathogens, autoimmunity (autoantibodies)
29
How do cytotoxic T cells kill cells?
Release perforin Forms pores in target cells Also release granzyme B enter through pores form and induce apoptosis
30
B cells recognise____ | T cells need to be shown____
Free organic antigen on BCR (IgM) | protein antigen in association with MHC
31
Plasma cells are responsible for____
antibody production
32
It is more important to tolerise____ than ____ because
T cells and B cells, B cells cannot make antibodies to most antigens without the help of T cells
33
Antibody classes
IgG, IgA, IgM, IgD, IgE
34
IgG
Four different forms Good opsoniser Only antibody that can cross the placenta to give passive immunity to foetus Activate classical pathway
35
IgA
Protects mucosal surface, resistant to stomach acids
36
IgM
Expressed on B cells Primary response to pathogens before IgG Can activate classical complement system
37
IgD
Antigen receptor on B cells | Activate basophils and mast cells
38
IgE
Found in circulation defends against parasites triggers anaphylatic shock and allergies (mast cell, histamines)
39
Function of complement system
The complement system helps antibodies and phagocytic cells clear pathogens from an organism

Science for Medicine A (31 decks)

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