Nerves

Question 1

Subdivision of nervous system

Answer 1

CNS and PNS

Question 2

CNS

Answer 2

Brain and spinal cord

Question 3

PNS

Answer 3

Somatic and Autonomic

Question 4

Somatic

Answer 4

Voluntary control ( skeletal muscle)

Question 5

Autonomic

Answer 5

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

Question 6

Brain

Answer 6

Meninges
Gyrus and sulcus
Cerebellum
Cerebrum
Diencephalon
Brainstem

Question 7

Meninges

Answer 7

Dura
Arachnoid
Pia

Question 8

Gyrus

Answer 8

Folds

Question 9

Sulcus

Answer 9

Grooves

Question 10

Cerebrum

Answer 10

Frontal
Occipital
Parietal
Temporal

Question 11

Diencephalon

Answer 11

Hypothalamus- homeostasis

Thalamus- sensory

Question 12

Brainstem

Answer 12

Mid-brain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata

Question 13

Spinal cord has ____ pairs of spinal nerves

Answer 13

31

Question 14

\_\_\_ cervical
\_\_\_\_ thoracic
\_\_\_\_\_ lumbar
\_\_\_\_ sacral
\_\_\_\_\_ coccygeal

Answer 14

8
12
5
5
1

Question 15

Grey Matter=

Answer 15

Dorsal horn
Ventral horn
Lateral horn

Question 16

Neuron structure

Answer 16

Cell body (soma)
Dendrites (receive information)
Axons (sends action potential)/(release transmitter)

Question 17

Types of neuron

Answer 17

Glia- astrocytes, oligodendrocytes

Microglia- phagocytic

Question 18

Resting Membrane Potential

Answer 18

-70mV

Question 19

What maintains the RMP

Answer 19

Leaky channels
Na+/K+ pump
Large intracellular -ve charged molecules

Question 20

Equilibrium potential

Answer 20

The membrane potential at which the electrical gradient is exactly equal and opposite to concentration gradient

Question 21

Hyperpolarisation

Answer 21

More negative

Question 22

Depolarisation

Answer 22

More positive

Question 23

Action Potentials

Answer 23

Transmit signals over long distances

Question 24

Graded Potential

Answer 24

Decides when an action potential should be fired

Question 25

Resting membrane potential

Answer 25

keeps cell ready to respond

Question 26

Action potential process

Answer 26

1. cell stimulated up to threshold (graded) 2. depolarisation 3. repolarisation 4. hyperpolarisation 5. back to resting potential

Question 27

Graded Potential

Answer 27

``` Generated by ligand gated channels End plate potential at NMJ Can occur due to hyperpolarisation or depolarisation Decremental Non-propagated Amplitude determines stimulus ```

Question 28

Fast EPSP (ionotropic)

Answer 28

Release of glutamate Surge in Na+ Depolarisation

Question 29

Fast IPSP (ionotropic)

Answer 29

Release of GABA Cl- cells enter Hyperpolarisation

Question 30

Slow EPSP

Answer 30

Release of glutamate Binds to G protein Closes some leaky K+ channels Prevents cell returning to RMP

Question 31

Slow IPSP

Answer 31

Neurotransmitter binds to G protein Activates G protein and causes K+ ions to flow out of cell Which leads to hyperpolarisation

Question 32

Action Potential

Answer 32

``` Have threshold They are all or none Voltage gates ion channels Cannot encode amplitude only frequency Cannot summate self-propagate Have refractory period ```

Question 33

Compound Action Potential

Answer 33

Graded | Summation of many APs from different axons (myelinated and unmyelinated)

Question 34

Fastest conducting axons

Answer 34

Ia Muscle spindle

Question 35

Slowest conducting axons

Answer 35

IV pain and heat

Question 36

tetrodotoxin

Answer 36

blocks Na+ channels and blocks AP

Question 37

Joro spider toxin

Answer 37

blocks Ca+ channels and stops transmitter release

Question 38

Botulinum toxin

Answer 38

disrupts the release of transmitter

Question 39

Curare

Answer 39

blocks Ach receptors and prevents end-plate potential

Question 40

anticholinesterase

Answer 40

blocks removal of acetylcholine