Foundations of Primary Care Flashcards
(45 cards)
Aspects of healthy lifestyle
Sexual health, diet, exercise, alcohol, smoking, illicit drug use
Advantages of position of GP
Aware of current and past medical history. Aware of social circumstances. Broad range of knowledge. Trusted health professional who has long term relationship with patient. Responsible for holistic care. GP is accessible to patients.
Types of question
Open question. Direct question. Leading question. Closed question. Reflective question.
Motivators to change behaviour
Believe change is possible in all situations, advantages of changing outweighs advantages of not changing, change is socially acceptable, anticipation of positive response from friends/family . New behaviour consilient with self-image.
WHO definition of health
State of complete mental, physical, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease and infirmity.
Lay beliefs on health
Social class, gender, age and culture
Government control of health
Funding of health service, vaccination programmes, legislation, public transport policies, exercise facilities, increasing tax on unhealthy foods/subsidising health options , health education, control of advertising, health and safety laws, housing improvements
Cultural competence
Ongoing capacity of healthcare systems, organisations and professionals to provide diverse patient populations high quality care that if safe, patient and family centred, evidence based and equitable.
Difficulties between cultures
Language barrier, different expectations, presence of third party (translator/family member), racism or prejudice, different beliefs regarding health, religious beliefs, lack of knowledge of NHS, fear and distrust, examinations taboos, gender difference between Dr and patient, patient not entitled to NHS care
Routes of exposure to hazards
physical contact, inhalation, blood, sexual contact, ingestion
Categories of hazard
Chemical, physical, mechanical, psychological, biological
Safety netting
Explain expected course of illness/recovery, explain symptoms that indicate deterioration, explain where to go/who to contact if patient deteriorates
Ways in which risk can be minimised in a consultation
Summarising and verbally checking reason for attendance is clear.
Handing over to patients and bringing consultation to a close, insuring all issues have been covered.
Deal with housekeeping of recovery and reflection (record keeping, referral if necessary and reflecting before seeing next patient)
Definition of gatekeeper
Controls access of patients to secondary care in the NHS
Advantages of GPs as gatekeepers
Identifies patient in need pf specialist care.
Increases likelihood patient sees correct specialist.
Patient may not know which specialist they require to see.
Saves resources as only patients who require specialist care receive it.
Patient not exposed to radiation/procedures needlessly.
GP acts as coordinator of care.
Opportunity for GP to provide patient education.
Percentage of illnesses occurring in the community that are referred on to secondary care.
3%
Health and social care team members
Pharmacist - minor illness advice and medication advice.
Physiotherapist - helps with patient recovery and mobilisation of patients.
Practice nurse - blood tests
Dietician - assessment of nutrition and advice on weight gain/loss
Counsellor - assess and manage mood
Practice nurse - assessment and advice on long term conditions, blood tests and vaccinations
Occupational therapist - assess for aids to assist daily living
Midwife - follow up first 10 days after birth and advice on feeding
Health visitor - early child care advice until school age and immunisations
Ethical principles
Autonomy - patient control of their own care
Justice - all resources available for everyone
Benefice - help the patient
Non-malefeince - do not harm the patient
Ethical issues surrounding health
Beliefs, religious beliefs, thoughts on your capacity
Psychological issues surrounding health
Anxiety about a treatment, anxiety about consequences of a health issue, stress/anxiety about level of support from family
Social issues surrounding health
Does support network exist, effects on social life, ability to find a job
Styles of doctor patient relationship
Mutual participation, Authoritarian or paternalistic, Guidance/co-opaeration
Mutual participation style relationship
Patient has greater role in care so feels greater sense of personal autonomy.
Patient has greater responsibility for the their own health through sharing info and decision making.
Patient is more satisfied with consultation where they have been fully informed.
Patient may be more complaint with advice/treatment.
Authoritarian or paternalistic relationship
Dr has all the authority inherent in their status and patient has no autonomy. Patient tries to please Dr and does not actively participate in own treatment.
