Respiratory Anatomy

Question 1

Notches on manubrium

Answer 1

Jugular (superior) and clavicular (lateral and superior)

Question 2

Sternomanubrial joint

Answer 2

Secondary cartilaginous

Question 3

Sternal angle

Answer 3

T4

Question 4

Xiphoid process

Answer 4

Most inferior part of sternum, T10

Question 5

Manubrium

Answer 5

superior part of sternum

Question 6

True ribs

Answer 6

1-7 (vertebrosternal)

Question 7

False ribs

Answer 7

8-10 (vertebrochondral)

Question 8

Floating ribs

Answer 8

11-12 (vertebral)

Question 9

Features of a typical rib (3-9)

Answer 9

Tubercle (articulates with transverse process), head/neck (articulates with vertebral bodies above and below), rounded superior border of rib, sharp inferior border, the angle, costal groove (contains intercostal nerves and bundle), site of articulation with costal cartilage

Question 10

Costal groove

Answer 10

Groove in rib containing intercostal nerves and vessel

Question 11

The 1st rib

Answer 11

Atypical rib that is short, flat and wide. Only articulates with T1. Contains head/neck (articulates with T1), tubercle (articulates with transverse process), groove for subclavian artery (posterior), scalene tubercle (for connection of anterior scalene muscle) and groove for subclavian vein (anterior)

Question 12

Vertebral foramen

Answer 12

Opening in vertebral bodies for spinal cord and meninges

Question 13

Transverse process of vertebral body

Answer 13

Articulates with tubercle of rib

Question 14

Thoracic inlet

Answer 14

T1, 1st pair of ribs and manubrium

Question 15

Thoracic outlet

Answer 15

T12, 11th and 12th pairs of ribs, costal cartilages 7-10 and xiphisternal joint

Question 16

Intercostal muscles

Answer 16

External intercostals, internal intercostals and innermost intercostals

Question 17

Neurovascular bundle

Answer 17

Runs between internal and innermost intercostal muscles. Contains intercostal vein, intercostal artery and intercostal nerve

Question 18

Sternal angle dermatome

Answer 18

T2

Question 19

Nipple dermatome

Answer 19

T4

Question 20

Umbilicus dermatome

Answer 20

T10

Question 21

Inguinal region dermatome

Answer 21

L1

Question 22

Functions of diaphragm

Answer 22

Main muscle of inspiration and raises intra-adominal pressure during coughing, vomiting etc.

Question 23

Parts of diaphragm,

Answer 23

Central tendon (attached to fibrous pericardium), left and right muscular domes, hiatuses and crura (L1-3/4)

Question 24

Covering of superior surface of diaphragm

Answer 24

Parietal pleura

Question 25

Attachments of diaphragm

Answer 25

Fibrous pericardium, L1-3/4, 6 inferior intercostal cartilages and posterior of xiphoid process

Question 26

Hiatuses of diaphragm

Answer 26

IVC - T8 Oesophagus -T10 Aorta - T12

Question 27

Innervation of diaphragm

Answer 27

Phrenic nerve (C3-5) and lower intercostal nerves (sensory supply to peripheral diaphragm)

Question 28

Upper respiratory tract

Answer 28

Nasal cavity, pharynx and larynx

Question 29

Function of larynx

Answer 29

Produces sound from expired air and protects inlet to respiratory system

Question 30

Structure of larynx

Answer 30

Superiorly attached to hyoid bine and inferiorly continuous with trachea at C6. Contains epiglottis, cricoid cartilage and thyroid cartilage (laryngeal prominence)

Question 31

Innervation of larynx

Answer 31

Branches of vagus nerve

Question 32

Lower respiratory tract

Answer 32

Trachea and bronchi

Question 33

innervation of LRT

Answer 33

Motor - sympathetic fibres via pulmonary flexes and parasympathetic fibres via vagus nerve Sensory - sympathetic and parasympathetic to spinal cord

Question 34

Arterial/venous supply of LRT

Answer 34

Bronchial arteries and veins

Question 35

Trachea

Answer 35

Runs from C6 to T4 where it bifurcates at the carina. Features 16-20 hyaline cartilage rings and completed posteriorly by trachealis muscle. Lies anterior to oesophagus. Common carotids and vagus lie lateral to trachea.

Question 36

Right bronchi

Answer 36

Superior lobar bronchus (eparterial) and main right bronchus (hyparterial)

Question 37

Lung hilum

Answer 37

Area where the root enters and leaves lung. Found on mediastinal surface.

Question 38

Root of lung.

Answer 38

Bronchus (most posterior), pulmonary artery (most superior), inferior pulmonary vein and superior pulmonary vein (most anterior) and inferior pulmonary vein (most inferior)

Question 39

Right lung

Answer 39

Contains 3 lobes (superior, middle and inferior), 2 fissures (transverse and oblique)

Question 40

Left lung

Answer 40

Contains 2 loves (superior and inferior), 1 tissue (oblique), a cardiac notch and cardiac impression and the linguila

Question 41

Linguila

Answer 41

Process of the inferior lobe of the left lung

Question 42

Base of lung

Answer 42

Bottom of lung

Question 43

Apex of lung

Answer 43

Top of lung, extends above 1st rib and clavicle. Covered by cervical pleura.

Question 44

Surfaces of the lung

Answer 44

Mediastinal surface, costal surface, inferior surface