Founding Of America

Question 1

Prince Henry the navigator of Portugal

Answer 1

Invested in navy to create better ships to sail faster and farther
Increased naval innovation around the world
Found route to India around Africa

Question 2

Christopher Columbus

Answer 2

Sail west to India
Investors: Isabella and Ferdinand (Spain)
Share profits with monarch and spread Christian land
Miscalculated circumference of earth by 1/3
Landed in caribb an
Encouraged Spanish explorers to sail across Atlantic

Question 3

Incas

Answer 3

Largest mesoamerican empire
Pacific coast of South America
Capital: Cuzco 
Advanced in: math, agriculture, trade, architecture, and government 
4-37 million 
Pizarro (Spanish) conquered them 1533

Question 4

Aztecs

Answer 4

Central Mexico 
Capital: tenochtitlan (modern day Mexico City, floated on lake texcoco) 
Population: 200,000-350,000
Ethnically diverse
Vast and connected through roads
Regions governed themselves 
Conquered by Cortes

Question 5

Mayans

Answer 5

2000 BC 
Peak around 200-900 AD
modern day south Mexico/Guatemala 
Agricultural city-centered economy
Large city states
Large pyramids, advanced writing system, math
Participated in trade
1000 AD Mayan empire declined

Question 6

Spanish conquistadors

Answer 6

Plunder: greats amount of precious metals

Increased wealth in Spain

Question 7

Spanish and Native American trade

Answer 7

Spanish: horses, firearms, wheat, alcohol, disease
Natives: corn, potatoes, tobacco, and cocoa
Many natives died from diseases
Horses was significant in agriculture and hunting
SW US Region most greatly affected

Question 8

Hernando Cortez

Answer 8

First conquistador
Used advance military tactics, weapons and recruiting to overthrow Aztecs
Encouraged other conquistadors

Question 9

Francisco Pizarro

Answer 9

Conquered inca
Founded Lima
Used manipulation and guile to succeed

Question 10

Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca

Answer 10

Explored SW territory of US
looking for Cibola (seven cities of gold)
Recorded interactions with natives and mapped the land

Question 11

Affects of exploration on Americas

Answer 11

Native populations greatly decreased
Spanish colonies established exploited native labor
New goods on both sides because of trade

Question 12

French exploration

Answer 12

Find northwest passage
Began in Hudson Bay ➡️ explorations of Great Lakes, Mississippi River
Establishes colonies to export furs and fish
Good relations with native Americas

Question 13

Northwest passage

Answer 13

Water route through North America that would facilitate trade with Asia

Question 14

Dutch

Answer 14

Established colonies in Caribbean
Wanted to increase wealth through trade
Strong naval presence to protect trade
Specialized in sugar, spices and slaves

Question 15

Jamestown

Answer 15

Struggled because people wanted gold not agriculture work
Tobacco cash crop
1519 African indentured servants
African slaves became slaves for life

Question 16

Sir Francis drake

Answer 16

Defeated Spanish Armada

Established England as the European naval power ➡️ gave England first choice in colonization

Question 17

Pilgrims

Answer 17

Protestant separatists

Settled in Massachusetts bay colony on Plymouth Rock

Question 18

Mayflower compact

Answer 18

John Winthrop governor
First self regulating government
Based on democracy and Christianity
Live under common rules and laws

Question 19

Roger Williams and Anne Hutchison

Answer 19

Founded Rhode Island for a place of religious freedom

Question 20

Reason for English colonies

Answer 20

Business and the dream of religious freedoms

Business became business of America ➡️ revolutionary war

Question 21

Effects of religious freedom

Answer 21

Culture of high moral standards and adherence to principles would have ramifications leading up to the revolutionary war

Question 22

House of burgess

Answer 22

Virginia
Allowed colonists to have a representative voice in the laws of the colonies
Importance of representative government grew➡️leads to revolutionary war

Question 23

French and Indian war

Answer 23

Began over land disputes surrounding the Appalachian mountains
1754
Ended in favor of the British

Question 24

Consequences of the French and Indian war

Answer 24

Proclamation of 1763
French cessation of land 
George Washington
Native Americans lost French ally 
Increased British debt ➡️ enforced taxation

Question 25

Proclamation of 1763

Answer 25

Issued by King George
Colonist could not settled past Appalachian mountains or Ohio valley
Protected colonists from natives and stopped expensive war from occurring
Colonists mad because they fought for this land

Question 26

French cessation of land

Answer 26

French ceded lands west of Mississippi to Spain because lost of Florida
Land regained by Napoleon in 1801 ➡️sold to us in 1803

Question 27

George Washington and French and Indian war

Answer 27

Earned rank of major in British army and gained military experience

Question 28

Sugar act

Answer 28

1764
Placed a tax on sugar, textiles, coffee, wines, and indigo
Forbid the importation of foreign rum and French wines
Placed on all British colonies

Question 29

Stamp act

Answer 29

1765
Levied only on the American colonies
Tax on all printed materials
Tax affected influential colonies: lawyers, publishers, land owners, ship builders and merchants

Question 30

Quartering act

Answer 30

1765

Required colonists to provide room and board to all British soldiers

Question 31

Townsend act

Answer 31

1767
New taxes on imported items such as paper, glass, tea, lead and paints
Cover cost of protecting and administrating American colonies

Question 32

Boston massacre

Answer 32

Group of soldiers fired into a mob

Killed 3 people

Question 33

Tea act

Answer 33

1773
Reduced the cost of tea 
British sell directly to colonists 
Established them as a monopoly 
British east India company

Question 34

Boston tea party

Answer 34

1773

Colonists disguised as Indians dumped British East Indian company tea into Boston harbor in protest of tea act

Question 35

First continental congress

Answer 35

1774
Representatives from 12 colonies voiced their opposition to the new taxation acts and parliaments taxation without representation
Beginning of uniting colonists

Question 36

Effects of crusade

Answer 36

Influx of exotic goods from Asia to Europe
Gave Arabs and Italy trade power over trade routes
Demand for Asian goods ⬆️ trade ⬆️ = find a new path