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OAE Middle Social Science > Government > Flashcards

Government Flashcards

1
Q

Checks and balances

A

Each areas of government has ceramic m powers over another

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2
Q

Federalism

A

Multiple smaller governments have a central government rule over them

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3
Q

Federalist

A

Pro-constitution

Strong central government

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4
Q

Anti federalists

A

Anti-constitution
States to hold central power
Revising articles of confederation

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5
Q

Separation of powers

A

Separating powers of governments into separate and distinct branches
Ex: making, enforcing and interpreting laws

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6
Q

Popular sovereignty

A

All powers of government rest in the hands of the people

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7
Q

Individual rights

A

Each individual has certain rights outside the jurisdiction of the government

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8
Q

Great compromise

A

Bi cameral legislature
Senate (2 members each)
House (by states population)

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9
Q

Declaration of Independence

A

Political ideology of the colonists and clearly outlined their reasons for revolution
Lockean principles
Life, liberty and pursuit of happiness

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10
Q

Federalist papers

A

John jay, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton
Persuade colonists to adopt constitution
Outline purpose and motivation behind each article

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11
Q

Anti-federalist papers

A

Against the ratification of constitution

Too much power to the federal government

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12
Q

English bill of rights

A

Passed by parliament in 1689
Basic freedoms of an English man
Foundation to Bill of rights

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13
Q

Preamble of constitution

A

Outlines purpose and what the founding fathers hope to accomplish
We the people of the US in order to for, a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and prosperity, do ordain and establish this constitution for the United States of America

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14
Q

Article 1

A

The legislative branch

Structure, function, rules, powers and limits

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15
Q

Article 1 section 8

A

Powers of congress: what laws congress can make

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16
Q

Article 1 section 9

A

Limits of congress: what laws congress cannot make

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17
Q

Article 2

A

Executive branch

Powers, limits, and eligibility requirements

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18
Q

Article 3

A

Judicial branch

Powers, limits and eligibility requirements

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19
Q

Article 4

A

The states

Roles, rights , and privileges of the states and citizens of each state

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20
Q

Article 5

A

Amendments

How amendments can be made

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21
Q

Article 6

A

Debts, supremacy, and oaths
Debt held prior to ratification shall upheld
Supreme law of the land
All legislatures are held under oath to uphold constitution and trust of the public

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22
Q

Article 7

A

Ratification

How the constitution will be ratified

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23
Q

Bi lateral congress

A

Two houses:
Senate: two members from each state
House of representative: 1 member for 708,000 people; 435 members; altered after census

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24
Q

Structure of congress

A

Various congressional committees
Members are assigned to multiple committees
Chairman: committees head; organizes and presides;powerful member in congress
Political party in majority determines the committee chairperson

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25
Q

Amendment process: congress to states

A

2/3 of each house of congress approves and 3/4 of states ratify

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26
Q

Amendment process: constitutional convention

A

2/3 of states call together a constitutional convention = power to amend
Amendment takes place after 3/4 of states ratify

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27
Q

Revolution of 1800

A

Presidential election of 1800
Thomas Jefferson defeated incumbent John Adams
No violence during the switch of political ideologies
Important because it shows that both political parties would respect the constitution which lead to stability

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28
Q

Civil war on government power

A

Expansion of federal power over states
Major issue: states right
Lincoln used federal government to force southern states back into the union
Republicans used federal policies to alter/abolish states policies that they felt were unfair to freed blacks

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29
Q

Progressives

A

Social change through government action
Ex: Theodore Roosevelt, FDR, Woodrow Wilson
See government as agent of change, evolving to meet needs of society

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30
Q

New deal

A

FDR 1933
Enacted economic change
-elimination of gold standard, creation of welfare society (unemployment benefits and social security), regulating farmers production
Placed government in the middle of everything

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31
Q

The great society

A

Lyndon b Johnson 1964
Goal: eliminate poverty and racial injustice
-war on poverty, federal regulation of education, creation of Medicaid and Medicare, civil rights legislation
Created new government agencies
Wide implementation of welfare system

32
Q

Civil rights act

A

1964
Used interstate commerce clause
- desegregated schools, ended voting registration discrimination, furthered women’s rights
Allowed government to dictate policies to states/private companies to end discrimination.

33
Q

Reaganomics

A 
1980 
Preceding decade: double digit unemployment/inflation 
His fiscal policy 
- reduce government spending 
- reduce income tax/capital gains tax
- reduce govt regulation of corporation 
- control money supply to reduce inflation 
Great economic growth
34
Q

Milton Friedman

A

Reagans economic advisor

35
Q

Judicial review

A

Marbury v Madison

Under John Marshall Supreme Court ruled that the constitution gave power to rule any law created to be unconstitutional

36
Q

Strict construction vs loose construction

A

State rights vs more power to federal government (elastic clause)

37
Q

FDR court packing

A

Increased size of Supreme Court from 9 to 13 so the Supreme Court would side with FDR and not say his laws were unconstitutional

38
Q

War powers acts

A

1973
Limited prez military capabilities
Strict guidelines to when prez can use armed forces
Prez cannot continue a military campaign for more than 60 days unless congress declares war

39
Q

13 amendment

A

Outlawed slavery

Except as punishment

40
Q

14th amendment

A

Legitimized newly freed blacks as citizens

41
Q

Fifteenth amendment

A

Allowed and protected the black vote

42
Q

Sixteenth amendment

A

Income tax

43
Q

17th amendment

A

Direct election of senators
Before: state legislatures chose senators
Senators began to appeal to the people
States lost power

44
Q

Nineteenth amendment

A

Women suffrage

Doubled size of electorate

45
Q

24th amendment

A

Poll tax abolished

Allowed for more blacks to vote

46
Q

26th amendment

A

Voting age at 18

Because of draft

47
Q

McCulloch v Maryland

A

Congress implied powers for implementing expressed powers

State may not impede a valid exercising of congressional power

48
Q

Cherokee nation v Georgia

A

Cherokee nation did not have original jurisdiction to sue Georgia and the Cherokee people were not a state

49
Q

Dred Scott v Sanford

A

Slaves not citizens therefore no rights
Slaves were property
Congress had no authority to prohibit slavery in federal territories
Overturned with 13/14 amendments

50
Q

Plessy v ferguson

A

Separate but equal

51
Q

Brown v board of education

A

Separate but equal is not equal

Overturned plessy v Ferguson

52
Q

Miranda v Arizona

A

Defendant had to be informed of their right to consult an attorney for their testimony to be admissible in court
Reading of Miranda rights

53
Q

Roe v wade

A

Women have a right to have an abortion

54
Q

Regents of the university of California v bakke

A

Upheld affirmative action

55
Q

United States v Nixon

A

President did not have immunity from judicial procight triangles have one right angle
One obtuse angle creates and obtuse triangle as
Key of exercising checks and balances

56
Q

Political parties in US

A

One wants more government interaction in society and the other wants less government interaction in society

57
Q

Interest groups

A

Push a political agenda
Range from a multinational corporations to non profit organizations
Collection of individuals who have a heavily vested interest in a specific topic and are funded by like minded individuals

58
Q

Role of media

A

Be a non partisan unbiased entity to report on the activity of the government

59
Q

Natural law

A

Universally recognized by the virtue of human reason
Extends beyond culture, time period, and society
Traced back to Aristotle

60
Q

Common law

A

Laws created and developed through judicial decision, typically by courts; case law
Derived by tradition and previous responses to situations

61
Q

Natural rights

A

Are possessed by an individuals with no requirement
Life, liberty, and the property (pursuit of happiness)
Extend beyond culture, time period or society

62
Q

Divine rights of monarch

A

Ruler is given authority to rule by God
King can do no wrong, only subject to God
Any act against King is act against God

63
Q

Social contract

A

Power of govt derives and resides with the people because it was the people who created the government

64
Q

Democracy

A

Individuals have a direct vote in the matters of government

Each individual has one vote

65
Q

Feudalism

A

Providing a service or labor in exchange for land and protection
Extend many levels
Social structure

66
Q

Hammurabis code

A

Earliest examples of laws to regulate society

67
Q

Justinians code of laws

A

Compilation and formal organization of Roman laws
500 AD: emperor Justinian
Serve as foundation of jurisprudence during Renaissance
Ideas can be seen in judicial system today

68
Q

Magna Carta

A

Foundation for modern-limited govt
Binding doc that restricted kings power
Made because aristocrats having their rights violated by the king
Idea of natural rights seen

69
Q

John Locke

A

Important figures in the enlightenment

Outlined ideas of social contract theory and natural rights

70
Q

Communist manifesto

A 
Human condition, economic structuring, class welfare, and political science 
Karl Marx 1848
71
Q

US Constitution effect

A

Blueprint for democracy across the world

Allowed democracy to penetrate almost every country in the world

72
Q

Republic

A

Population elects representatives to represent their interest in the legislative process

73
Q

Monarch

A

One individual rules the entire country

74
Q

Direct democracy

A

Every citizen has a direct vote in the govt and each policy

75
Q

Communism

A

A group of leaders dictate the allocation or resources to entire population

76
Q

Socialism

A

State redistributes resources from the wealthy to the poor and provides many social services to the population

77
Q

Republicanism

A

Supreme power held by the people
People elect representatives
Small branches of authority that elect leaders to govern the whole

OAE Middle Social Science (6 decks)

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