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OAE Middle Social Science > World History > Flashcards

World History Flashcards

1
Q

Bronze Age

A

3300-1200 BC

New tools = effective farming = specialized labor = advancement in culture

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2
Q

4 great River valleys

A 
Nile River (Africa) 
Indus River (India)
Tigress and Euphrates rivers (Middle East)
Yellow River (China) 
Annual flooding rejuvenates soils 
Set up for irrigation
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3
Q

Importance of rivers

A

Irrigation ➡️ more food ➡️ permanent villages ➡️ develop culture

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4
Q

Fertile Crescent

A

Modern day Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Syria and parts of Iraq

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5
Q

Egypt

A

Most successful during Bronze Age

-natural barriers and the Nile

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6
Q

Ancient writing systems

A

Made to meet religious and economic needs
Egyptians: hieroglyphics
Phoenicians used alphabet that developed into our alphabet which the Greeks added vowels to

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7
Q

Writing and trade/culture

A

Trade benefited because traders could keep records = increase in trade = more culture mixing

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8
Q

Usefulness of math

A

Buildings, roads and canals

Laying out buildings

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9
Q

Effects of trade and culture

A

Diffused ideas which improved lives and cultures

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10
Q

Hebrews

A

Torah

Monotheism concept

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11
Q

Unification of upper and lower Egypt

A

3150 BC) by pharaoh Menes
Solidified empire
Allowed it to focus on cultivation of culture, creation of monuments

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12
Q

Egypt government

A

Family dynasties
Ruled by pharaoh
God kings
Buried in pyramids

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13
Q

Homer

A

Author of Iliad and odyssey

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14
Q

Sophocles

A

Playwright of dramas and comedies

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15
Q

Socrates

A

Father of western philosophy

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16
Q

Plato

A

Pupil of Socrates
Author of the republic
Influential political scientist

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17
Q

Aristotle

A

Pupil of Plato
Influenced philosophers of Renaissance to today
Tutor of Alexander the Great

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18
Q

Thucydides

A

Authored accounts of peloponnesian war and battles between Athens and Sparta

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19
Q

Pythagoras

A

Architect of geometry

Pythagorean theorem

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20
Q

Euclid

A

Father of geometry

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21
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Best military commander in history
Conquered known world in 12 years
Spread Hellenistic culture
Died at 33

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22
Q

Greece physical region

A

Mountainous land = poor farming and no River system ➡️ sea for their economy
Abundance of natural harbors = protection for their ships
Prominent sea traders = spread culture

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23
Q

Greek city state

A

Isolation of terrain lead to city states
Citizens loyal to city state then to Greece
Allowed democracy to flourish

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24
Q

Athens

A

Golden age took place in Athens in 450 BC
Leadership of Pericles
Created monuments (Acropolis)
Most technologically advanced

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25
Q

Roman Empire

A

Formed in late 200 BC
Republic to dominate empire in 2 centuries
Influenced by Greece

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26
Q

Romes contribution to western society

A

Organized central government
Written laws
Creation of army
Latin language

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27
Q

Rise of Rome

A

Victory in the Punic wars against the Phoenicians
44 BC Julius Caesar named emperor of Rome
Augustus filled seat after assassination
Marked beginning of empirical reign

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28
Q

Fall of Rome

A 
Contributed to:
Decline in loyalty of army
Invasion of Germanic tribes (vandals) 
Inefficiency of government 
Split into two empires
-west fell in 476
-east fell in 1453 when Muslims took control
29
Q

Catholicism and Rome

A

Under rule of Constantine adopted Christianity as its religion
Solidified influence and importance of Christianity
Developed Catholic Church as a governing body

30
Q

Asia climate

A

Dominated by monsoon
Spring and summer was agriculture
Winter was making clothes and other indoor activities

31
Q

Indian religions

A

Buddhism and Hinduism

32
Q

Buddhism

A

Founded by siddhaetha Gautama
Born into upper class family
Shunned all possessions and began seeking answers
Renunciation of worldly desires
Reach enlightenment
4 sufferings
Spread through Southeast Asia, Tibetan China and Japan

33
Q

Hinduism

A

Vedas
Caste system in India
-individual can move up and down depending on their works in their first life

34
Q

Contribution of Egypt

A

Math
Written language
Advancement in agriculture and military strategies
Creation of great pyramid

35
Q

Contribution of Hebrews

A

Torah

Idea of monotheism

36
Q

Contributions of Mesopotamia

A

Fields of math and govt

Laid ground works for political science

37
Q

Contribution of Greeks

A 
Math
Govt
Philosophy 
Architecture
Naval technology
38
Q

Contributions of Rome

A

Military technology
Political science: structure of govt provided framework for founding fathers
Architecture
Language: Latin foundation for all languages
Establishment of Catholic Church

39
Q

Dark ages

A

600 to 1000 AD: dark ages
Loss of culture in Europe
Middle East began to make advances
Europe was rural and uneducated

40
Q

Charlemagne

A

Charles the great united Christian lands in a military conquest 800 AD
Frankish lands (excluded Spain)
encouraged education and building of libraries
Forced people to convert to Christianity

41
Q

Conquer of British isles

A

1066 AD
Normans ( French) invaded British isle
William the conqueror was successful over King Harold 2
Increased link between Britain and Europe

42
Q

Mohammed

A

622 AD
born in Mecca
Founded Islam: submission to the will of God
Spread religion because they were peop,e of trade
Religious army spread religion through Middle East, North Africa to Spain, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia
Koran

43
Q

Genghis khan

A

Desert nomadic people of Mongolia
Conquered China to Eastern Europe
Invented saddles with stirrups
Control movement of horses so they could use their newly invented crossbow

44
Q

Decline of Mongols

A

Overreached their capacity of land they could control

Retreated to China where power still declines

45
Q

Silk Road

A

China to Eastern Europe
Jade, silk and spices ↔️ wool, silver and gold
Concept of paper, gunpowder and compass infiltrated Europe
- influential in closing dark ages and establishing larger nations
Catalyst of Renaissance

46
Q

Feudal system

A

As cities declined and poor arise ➡️ nobles offered care which turned to feudal system
Divided by class
Feudal lords ➡️ Knights️️️️️️️ ➡️ serfs
Nobles made laws, levied taxes and justice
Manor was self sufficient
Production was low and trade disappeared

47
Q

Catholic Church and medieval Europe

A

Supreme in religious matters and influenced nobility
Power enforced by excommunication
Operated schools, hospitals, aid to poor, forbade interest on loan (usury)
Form of government

48
Q

Catholic Church split

A

1054 AD church of eastern Roman Empire formed the Eastern Orthodox Church (Greek)
Latin was used in western Roman Catholic Church
Powerful in 1600s with reformation

49
Q

Life during Middle Ages

A 
Age of faith
Superstition 
Education declined
Church collected tithe 
Monks lived cloistered and copied old Greek manuscript
50
Q

Crusades

A

Recover holy lands from Muslims
1095 ad (200 years)
Constantinople feared advancement of Muslims
Asked Roman church for help
Pope urban II called for holy war
1099 capture Jerusalem
All lands capture captured by Christians were regained by Muslims later

51
Q

Crusades and trade

A 
Crusaders brought back Arab stuff
Demand in Europe increased = trade
Trade caused:
Towns to revive
Merchant class to arise
Serfs to seek better lives
Weakened feudalism
52
Q

Effects of crusades

A 
Revitalized European economy and culture
By: 
Trade
New knowledge from Arabs
Started Renaissance 
Societal reforms in Europe
53
Q

100 years war

A

France and Britain

1337

54
Q

The plague

A

1348-1350
Black Death killed 30-60 percent of people
Trade ships with infected rodents
Destructive due to sanitary conditions

55
Q

Renaissance

A

14th and 15th century
Rebirth
Philosophical and artistic movement started in northern Italy
Renewed interest in Greece and Rome
Medici family (bankers) grew rich from trade and sponsored art

56
Q

Effects of Renaissance

A

Founding of universities
Reduced belief in church
Printing press ➡️ education to lower classes
Economy based on specialization of labor
Nautical advancements ➡️ age of exploration

57
Q

Reformation cause

A

1500s

Catholic Church selling indulgences

58
Q

Martin luthiers 95 theses

A

95 grievances against Catholic Church 1517

Led to Protestant reformation

59
Q

Effect of reformation

A 
Weakening power of Catholic Church 
Catholic Church reformation 
Government leaders began to become Protestant 
Divided Europe into religious sects
Power of states increased
Loyalty to govt rather than religion 
Strong growth in nationalism
60
Q

Johannesburg Gutenberg

A

Inventor of printing press 1450

Gutenberg bible

61
Q

Rise of democracy

A 
Jury system
Manga Carta
English common law
Model parliament: tax wealthy land owners
Election of parliment
62
Q

English revolution 1642

A

Presbyterian puritans (Roundheads) vs. nobility including King Charles (cavaliers)
Ending with beheading of Charles and establishment of republican govt: common Wealth of England
Oliver Cromwell leader
Monarch was reinstated as a parliamentary monarch

63
Q

Glorious revolution of 1688

A

Parliment offered crown to William and Mary of holland
Parliment affirmed power of over monarch
Bill of rights and toleration art granted freedom of worship

64
Q

French Revolution of 1789

A

Bourgeoise led fight
Ideas from Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Voltaire
Goal: separation of powers
Stormed Bastille and ended with Ascension of Napoleon
First republic killed King and queen
Importance: establishment of democratic ideals

65
Q

France pre revolution

A

Class system called estates

- third estate: 97 percent of population and paid the taxes

66
Q

Effect of democracy system

A

People seeking freedom look at revolutions for solutions

People have the right to change govt and have a say

67
Q

Napoleon

A

Considered military tenuous
Rise to power because of coup detat
Significance:
-centralization of local govt, improvement in education, public works programs, organization of bank of France

68
Q

Downfall of Napoleon

A

Harsh winters in Russia led to downfall
Defeated in battle of Waterloo by British
Died in exile

69
Q

Impact of Napoleon on the world

A 
Abolished old empires 
Created new empires (unification of Germany)
Spread idea of French equality
Ended feudalism 
Modernized banking 
Improved public education
Spirit of nationalism 
First modern dictator
Death and destruction in much of Europe

OAE Middle Social Science (6 decks)

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