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OAE Middle Social Science > World History > Flashcards

World History Flashcards

(69 cards)

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1
Q

Bronze Age

A

3300-1200 BC

New tools = effective farming = specialized labor = advancement in culture

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2
Q

4 great River valleys

A 
Nile River (Africa) 
Indus River (India)
Tigress and Euphrates rivers (Middle East)
Yellow River (China) 
Annual flooding rejuvenates soils 
Set up for irrigation
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3
Q

Importance of rivers

A

Irrigation ➡️ more food ➡️ permanent villages ➡️ develop culture

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4
Q

Fertile Crescent

A

Modern day Egypt, Israel, Palestine, Jordan, Syria and parts of Iraq

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5
Q

Egypt

A

Most successful during Bronze Age

-natural barriers and the Nile

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6
Q

Ancient writing systems

A

Made to meet religious and economic needs
Egyptians: hieroglyphics
Phoenicians used alphabet that developed into our alphabet which the Greeks added vowels to

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7
Q

Writing and trade/culture

A

Trade benefited because traders could keep records = increase in trade = more culture mixing

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8
Q

Usefulness of math

A

Buildings, roads and canals

Laying out buildings

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9
Q

Effects of trade and culture

A

Diffused ideas which improved lives and cultures

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10
Q

Hebrews

A

Torah

Monotheism concept

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11
Q

Unification of upper and lower Egypt

A

3150 BC) by pharaoh Menes
Solidified empire
Allowed it to focus on cultivation of culture, creation of monuments

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12
Q

Egypt government

A

Family dynasties
Ruled by pharaoh
God kings
Buried in pyramids

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13
Q

Homer

A

Author of Iliad and odyssey

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14
Q

Sophocles

A

Playwright of dramas and comedies

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15
Q

Socrates

A

Father of western philosophy

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16
Q

Plato

A

Pupil of Socrates
Author of the republic
Influential political scientist

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17
Q

Aristotle

A

Pupil of Plato
Influenced philosophers of Renaissance to today
Tutor of Alexander the Great

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18
Q

Thucydides

A

Authored accounts of peloponnesian war and battles between Athens and Sparta

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19
Q

Pythagoras

A

Architect of geometry

Pythagorean theorem

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20
Q

Euclid

A

Father of geometry

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21
Q

Alexander the Great

A

Best military commander in history
Conquered known world in 12 years
Spread Hellenistic culture
Died at 33

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22
Q

Greece physical region

A

Mountainous land = poor farming and no River system ➡️ sea for their economy
Abundance of natural harbors = protection for their ships
Prominent sea traders = spread culture

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23
Q

Greek city state

A

Isolation of terrain lead to city states
Citizens loyal to city state then to Greece
Allowed democracy to flourish

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24
Q

Athens

A

Golden age took place in Athens in 450 BC
Leadership of Pericles
Created monuments (Acropolis)
Most technologically advanced

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25
Roman Empire
Formed in late 200 BC Republic to dominate empire in 2 centuries Influenced by Greece
26
Romes contribution to western society
Organized central government Written laws Creation of army Latin language
27
Rise of Rome
Victory in the Punic wars against the Phoenicians 44 BC Julius Caesar named emperor of Rome Augustus filled seat after assassination Marked beginning of empirical reign
28
Fall of Rome
``` Contributed to: Decline in loyalty of army Invasion of Germanic tribes (vandals) Inefficiency of government Split into two empires -west fell in 476 -east fell in 1453 when Muslims took control ```
29
Catholicism and Rome
Under rule of Constantine adopted Christianity as its religion Solidified influence and importance of Christianity Developed Catholic Church as a governing body
30
Asia climate
Dominated by monsoon Spring and summer was agriculture Winter was making clothes and other indoor activities
31
Indian religions
Buddhism and Hinduism
32
Buddhism
Founded by siddhaetha Gautama Born into upper class family Shunned all possessions and began seeking answers Renunciation of worldly desires Reach enlightenment 4 sufferings Spread through Southeast Asia, Tibetan China and Japan
33
Hinduism
Vedas Caste system in India -individual can move up and down depending on their works in their first life
34
Contribution of Egypt
Math Written language Advancement in agriculture and military strategies Creation of great pyramid
35
Contribution of Hebrews
Torah | Idea of monotheism
36
Contributions of Mesopotamia
Fields of math and govt | Laid ground works for political science
37
Contribution of Greeks
``` Math Govt Philosophy Architecture Naval technology ```
38
Contributions of Rome
Military technology Political science: structure of govt provided framework for founding fathers Architecture Language: Latin foundation for all languages Establishment of Catholic Church
39
Dark ages
600 to 1000 AD: dark ages Loss of culture in Europe Middle East began to make advances Europe was rural and uneducated
40
Charlemagne
Charles the great united Christian lands in a military conquest 800 AD Frankish lands (excluded Spain) encouraged education and building of libraries Forced people to convert to Christianity
41
Conquer of British isles
1066 AD Normans ( French) invaded British isle William the conqueror was successful over King Harold 2 Increased link between Britain and Europe
42
Mohammed
622 AD born in Mecca Founded Islam: submission to the will of God Spread religion because they were peop,e of trade Religious army spread religion through Middle East, North Africa to Spain, India, Malaysia, and Indonesia Koran
43
Genghis khan
Desert nomadic people of Mongolia Conquered China to Eastern Europe Invented saddles with stirrups Control movement of horses so they could use their newly invented crossbow
44
Decline of Mongols
Overreached their capacity of land they could control | Retreated to China where power still declines
45
Silk Road
China to Eastern Europe Jade, silk and spices ↔️ wool, silver and gold Concept of paper, gunpowder and compass infiltrated Europe - influential in closing dark ages and establishing larger nations Catalyst of Renaissance
46
Feudal system
As cities declined and poor arise ➡️ nobles offered care which turned to feudal system Divided by class Feudal lords ➡️ Knights️️️️️️️ ➡️ serfs Nobles made laws, levied taxes and justice Manor was self sufficient Production was low and trade disappeared
47
Catholic Church and medieval Europe
Supreme in religious matters and influenced nobility Power enforced by excommunication Operated schools, hospitals, aid to poor, forbade interest on loan (usury) Form of government
48
Catholic Church split
1054 AD church of eastern Roman Empire formed the Eastern Orthodox Church (Greek) Latin was used in western Roman Catholic Church Powerful in 1600s with reformation
49
Life during Middle Ages
``` Age of faith Superstition Education declined Church collected tithe Monks lived cloistered and copied old Greek manuscript ```
50
Crusades
Recover holy lands from Muslims 1095 ad (200 years) Constantinople feared advancement of Muslims Asked Roman church for help Pope urban II called for holy war 1099 capture Jerusalem All lands capture captured by Christians were regained by Muslims later
51
Crusades and trade
``` Crusaders brought back Arab stuff Demand in Europe increased = trade Trade caused: Towns to revive Merchant class to arise Serfs to seek better lives Weakened feudalism ```
52
Effects of crusades
``` Revitalized European economy and culture By: Trade New knowledge from Arabs Started Renaissance Societal reforms in Europe ```
53
100 years war
France and Britain | 1337
54
The plague
1348-1350 Black Death killed 30-60 percent of people Trade ships with infected rodents Destructive due to sanitary conditions
55
Renaissance
14th and 15th century Rebirth Philosophical and artistic movement started in northern Italy Renewed interest in Greece and Rome Medici family (bankers) grew rich from trade and sponsored art
56
Effects of Renaissance
Founding of universities Reduced belief in church Printing press ➡️ education to lower classes Economy based on specialization of labor Nautical advancements ➡️ age of exploration
57
Reformation cause
1500s | Catholic Church selling indulgences
58
Martin luthiers 95 theses
95 grievances against Catholic Church 1517 | Led to Protestant reformation
59
Effect of reformation
``` Weakening power of Catholic Church Catholic Church reformation Government leaders began to become Protestant Divided Europe into religious sects Power of states increased Loyalty to govt rather than religion Strong growth in nationalism ```
60
Johannesburg Gutenberg
Inventor of printing press 1450 | Gutenberg bible
61
Rise of democracy
``` Jury system Manga Carta English common law Model parliament: tax wealthy land owners Election of parliment ```
62
English revolution 1642
Presbyterian puritans (Roundheads) vs. nobility including King Charles (cavaliers) Ending with beheading of Charles and establishment of republican govt: common Wealth of England Oliver Cromwell leader Monarch was reinstated as a parliamentary monarch
63
Glorious revolution of 1688
Parliment offered crown to William and Mary of holland Parliment affirmed power of over monarch Bill of rights and toleration art granted freedom of worship
64
French Revolution of 1789
Bourgeoise led fight Ideas from Rousseau, Montesquieu, and Voltaire Goal: separation of powers Stormed Bastille and ended with Ascension of Napoleon First republic killed King and queen Importance: establishment of democratic ideals
65
France pre revolution
Class system called estates | - third estate: 97 percent of population and paid the taxes
66
Effect of democracy system
People seeking freedom look at revolutions for solutions | People have the right to change govt and have a say
67
Napoleon
Considered military tenuous Rise to power because of coup detat Significance: -centralization of local govt, improvement in education, public works programs, organization of bank of France
68
Downfall of Napoleon
Harsh winters in Russia led to downfall Defeated in battle of Waterloo by British Died in exile
69
Impact of Napoleon on the world
``` Abolished old empires Created new empires (unification of Germany) Spread idea of French equality Ended feudalism Modernized banking Improved public education Spirit of nationalism First modern dictator Death and destruction in much of Europe ```

OAE Middle Social Science (6 decks)

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