France Flashcards
(134 cards)
1
Q
terms for PDO in france
A
AOP
AC
AOP
each year producers can chose what they use
2
Q
what are french terms for PGI
A
IGP
VdP
3
Q
wines without a GI are
A
Vin de france
4
Q
what is the climate of Bordeaux and the cooling and warming influences
A
moderate maritime
warming from gulf stream extending growing season
Atlantic brings high rainfall and humidity
5
Q
what offers protection from the atlantic weather
A
Landes
6
Q
rainfall can disrupt flowering and fruit set and promote rot and dilute flavours - causing vintage variation, how do growers manage this
A
changes in canopy management
decline of sprays
7
Q
black varieties of bordeaux?
A
cab sauv
cab franc
merlot
petit verdot
8
Q
Where does cab sauv dominate in bordeaux and why?
A
Haut medoc
Bas medoc
graves
the high stone and gravel raises temp being the only place it can ripen
9
Q
Where does Cab franc in bordeaux dominate?
A
saint emillion
medoc
graves
less body and tannin and prefers well drained soils
10
Q
where does merlot dominate in bordeaux and why?
A
saint emillion
pommerol
can grow in cooler clay soils
11
Q
what does petit verdot add to a blend?
A
tannin, colour and spice
12
Q
how is top quality bordeaux aged?
A
225 ltr barriques
13
Q
what are the 3 important whites in bordeaux
A
Semillon
sauvignon blanc
muscadelle
14
Q
what do the white grapes of bordeaux contribute to blends
A
semillon- thin skin = noble rot and sweet wines as well as blended with sauvignon blanc in pessac leognan and graves where it adds body
sauvignon blanc - varietal or adding acidity to sweet wines
muscadelle - floral
15
Q
what are the chateaux in the top rank of the 1855 classification in the medoc, graves and sauternes
A
medoc : chateaux lafite rothschild latour margaux mouton rothschild
graves :
chateau haut brion
sauternes:
chateau d’yquem
16
Q
what is cru bourgeois awarded to?
A
specific vintage - must be submitted each year
17
Q
what is the classification in saint emillion grand cru from lowest to highest
A
Saint emillion grand cru classe
saint emillion premier cru classe
premier cru classe B
premier cru classe A
promotion and demotion once every 10 years
18
Q
How is rose labeled in Bordeaux what is the style?
A
Bordeaux rose
Bordeaux clariet - longer laceration deeper colour fuller body
19
Q
a wine that is at its best, early drinking, medium body, with ripe red and black fruit could be labelled as
A
bordeaux or bordeaux superior
20
Q
What is the soil in Medoc what does this grow
A
clay with outcrops of gravel, wines have a higher proportion of merlot and are more early drinking
21
Q
what are the 4 communes of the haut medoc from north to south?
A
Saint Estephe
Pauillac
Saint Julien
Margaux
22
Q
describe wine coming from haut medoc
A
high % of cab sauv, blackcurrent, cedar, and grippy when young
23
Q
what are the red wines coming from pessac leognan and graves like?
A
PL- high cab sauv
lighter and more fragrant
Graves - similar but less concentrated with more merlot
24
Q
What are the 3 groups of growing areas and the soils of Saint Emillion?
A
plateau in the north and west of town - warm well drained gravel and limestone = cab franc and cab sauv
escarpment to south and east - clay and limestone
sandy soils at foot of escarpment
25
what 2 areas are the best examples of saint emillion coming from?
Plateau from north to west of town
and south to east of escarpment
med to high tannins with soft and rich mouthfeel complex red berry and plum
26
How does Pomeroy differ from saint emillion?
richer spicer and blackberry
27
what are the appellations of cotes de bordeaux?
Blaye
Cadillac
Castillon
Francs
28
What bordeaux is merlot based, early drinking and excellent value for money?
Cote’s de Bordeaux
29
what regions are aloud to produce white in bordeaux and what style?
Graves
Entre deux mers - these are dry unoaked
pessac leognan - sauv/semillon oaked, medium to full body, toasty
30
the best examples of barsac or sauternes display?
high alc, sweet and balanced by acidity, apricot, citrus, toast, vanilla
31
In the dordgone france which appellation is a source of good value botrytised sweet wine made from sauvignon blanc and semillon?
Monbazillac
32
Chairs was traditionally making tannic and long lived wines now the wines vary based on soil location what is the most important variety and the 2nd and 3rd
Malbec
Tannat
Merlot
33
In south west france which region is making the most important IGP wine and from which grape?
Cotes de Gascogne
Ugni Blanc
dry light green apple
34
What grape is leading blends in Madrian?
Tannat
35
The most important sweet wine of Juracon is made from?
Petit Manseng - passerillage, high acidity, apricot grapefruit and spice
36
What are weather hazzards in Burgundy?
rain
spring frost (especially in chablis)
summer hail
westerly winds (protected by south or east facing slopes)
37
Where are the most important plantings of pinot noir?
cote d or
38
what are flavours of classic burgundian pinot noir
red fruit, earth, game, mushroom
high acidity, lower or medium tannin
whole bunch fermentation
16-18 mo oak
39
some burgundian chardonnay’s show signs of
premature oxidation
40
What grapes are grown in burgundy other than chardonnay and pinot noir
aligote
gamay
41
list the classifications of chablis
petit chablis - lesser north facing slopes and flatter land
Chablis Premier cru
Chablis Grand cru
these are in south facing slopes with riper more concentrated citrus and more body
42
Cote du nuits produces the best
| and cote du beaune produces the best
nuits-pinot noir (fullest body)
| beaune- chardonnay
43
explain the heirchy of burgndy appellations
regional
commune
single vineyard - premier and grand
44
List the key villages of the cote de nuits from north to south
Gevery Chambertin
Vougeot
Vosne Romanee
Nuit saint george’s
45
list the key villages of the cote de beaune from north to south
```
aloxe corton
beaune
pommard
volnay
meursault
puligny montrachet
chassange montrachet
```
46
what is the difference between cote de nuits villages and cotes de beaune villages
nuits - white or red
| beaune - red
47
The Cote Challonaise also produces chardonnay and pinot noir however the aspect is less east and harvest is later resulting in lighter wines the 4 villages are?
rully - sparkling
mercury - red
givry - red
montagny - white
48
Bourgogne hautes cotes de nuits and Bourgogne Hautes Cotes de Beaune
are
higher altitude with more wind giving less body and concentration
49
Bourgogne cote Chalonaise is
is all reds from pinot noir and all whites from chardonnay
50
wines from macon are
chardonnay or gamay
51
White wines from the macconais showing excellent value for money are
Macon Villages
52
Pouilly Fuisse and Saint Veran are the richest and ripest burgundian chardonnay’s, why?
matured in barrel
| limestone slopes with south east and east exposure that act as sun traps
53
the climate in beaujolais is moderate continental why is this perfect for gamay?
early ripening
early budding
low level nutrient granite soils help control the yields
54
What is the traditional method of pruning in beaujolais?
gobelet
pruned to spurs around head and shoots are tied to hold them vertically
55
what is beaujolais nouveau?
early drinking released 3rd thursday in november after vintage cannot be sold after following aug 31
cannot be from crus
red berry light body, kirsch, banana, cinnamon
56
the 4 beaujolais crus with the greatest production are?
Brouilly
Morgon - structured
Fleurie
Moulin a Vent - structured
these can improve with bottle age
crushed fruit fermentation
large oak vats
some semi carbonic
57
what is the climate of alsace and the geographical features
cool to moderate continental
vosges mountains shelter from westerly rain and wind
lack of clouds
58
how are vines trained in alsace?
slopes : trained low to benifit from heat and rows maximize sun exposure
hand harvesting
plains : trained high to minimize risk of sprint frost
59
when is harvest in alsace?
mid september till beginning of november
60
what are the noble varieties of alsace?
riesling
geuwertzraminer
pinot gris
muscat
61
edelzwiker and gentil are?
blends from alsace
62
although alsace focuses on aromatic varieties why do they use large old oak for fermentation
they are over 100 years old with a thick layer of tartrate preventing wood from having influence on wine
63
when does bottling in alsace take place
spring after harvest
64
what is presenting producers a problem in alsace
grand crud have been being made with some sweetness, there is no sweetness level indicator on labels
65
there is only alsace and alsace grand cru and 2 others
VT vendanges Tardives - late harvest only from noble and must have a minimum sugar ripeness - passerillage is used and maybe noble rot
SGN selection de grains nobles - nobles, min sugar higher than VT, usually noble rot
66
what are the best examples of riesling from alsace?
med-full body, dry, high acidity, citrus and stone fruit stony steely aromas less floral than germany
67
Gewurtztraminer from Alsace is?
pungent spicy nose of lychees roses and sweet spice skin is light pink giving gold fully body rich and oily low acidity and high alc
68
describe the best pinot gris from Alsace?
rich, full body, high alc, more acidity than gewurtztraminer and less aromatic
textured fresh and dry fruit and honey
69
the 2 muscat’s of Alsace are?
muscat blanc a petit grains - intensely aromatic with orange blossom rose and grape - prone to poor fruit set and rot
the less aromatic muscat ottonel is more widely planted because it is more reliable
70
what is the non noble varietal planted in alsace
pinot blanc - on fertile planes
also auxerrois and sylvaner
and pinot noir
71
what are the 4 subregions of the Loire
central
touraine
anjou-saumur
nantais
72
what is the IGP covering the loire?
val de loire
73
what are the variations of climate and soil in Loire?
overall cool
central- continental
anjou- warmer and drier / stony soil
touraine - cool and wet / clay soil
74
what is an issue growers face in Loire and in retrospect to that where are the best vineyards grown
fungal disease
south facing slope facing the river for extra heat
75
the 2 most prestigious appellations for sauvignon blanc in Loire is
Sancerre
pouilly fume
located on chalky well drained stoney soils
76
describe a sauvignon blanc from central vineyards
green apple wet stone dry high acidity subtle smoke
77
what winemaking choices might a wine maker make for sauvignon blanc from sancerre or pouilly fume
gentle pneumatic press
stainless or old oak
lee’s for texture
MLF for cool vintages
78
where can you get a style of sauvignon blanc similar to pouilly fume and sancerre at a better price?
mentetou - salon
79
Chenin blanc can be used for many styles of wine describe the grapes that are used for each style
sparkling - only enough sugar to produce low alcohol
dry/med/sweet - increasingly ripe or effected by noble rot
80
vouvray has a cool climate with clay soils resulting in chenin with?
light to medium body and fresh fruit and floral notes
81
which region in Loire is producing renowned sparkling chenin
saumur
82
where is oaking chenin in Loire
anjou
83
why is late harvest chenin being produced in Savennieres
the air circulation in the vines impedes noble rot but enables late harvest for full bodied dry complex wines
84
where are some of the worlds greatest sweet wines coming from in the loire
coteaux du layon
85
describe melon blanc from loire
- early ripening and frost resistant
- muscadet
-muscadet sevre et maine
- dry
- max 12%
high acidity light body green fruit
86
what makes muscadet sur lie different
bottled in spring after vintage after spending winter on lee’s for texture
87
How do the cab francs in touraine differ?
from chinon and bourguiel
the sandy soils are light and fruity and the fuller bodied tannic versions are coming from south facing slopes with limestone and clay
88
describe the cab francs from Saumur chanpingy
lighter body and tannic with juicy berry can be served chilled
89
Rose de loire blend must have
at least 30% cab franc or cab sauv
90
cabernet anjou is made from a blend of ?
cab franc and sauvignon blanc
91
rose d’anjou us made with
grolleau and franc
92
sancerre rose must be made from
pinot noir
93
what is the wind in the northern rhone that can easily damage vines?
the mistral from the north
94
how are vines protected in northern rhone
supported by an individual stake or in tepee like stakes
95
describe a northern rhone syrah and some practices a winemaker will use
deep colour
medium to high tannin
black fruit
pepper
some new oak or older barrels, adding viogner
96
describe viogner?
full body perfumed blossom and apricot and stone fruit low acidity and high alcohol as they are late ripening with higher sugar
97
what do marsanne and rousanne contribute to blends?
marsanne - richness and weight
rousanne - acidity and perfume
98
what distinguishes a cote rotie from hermitage
textural elegance
99
what is condrieu
viogner from low yielding vines on steep well exposed terrased vineyards
100
the lightest body northern rhones can come from?
saint joseph
in the flatter fertile plains on the valley floor using carbonic maceration
101
where is the fullest bodied red northern rhone
hermitage
102
what whites and how much can hermitage be blended with
15% marsanne and rousanne
103
a similar wine to cote rotie or hermitage forbetter value is?
crozes hermitage
104
why does syrah from cornas differ?
100% syrah
105
the mistral is stronger in southern rhone how do growers adapt?
windbreakers are planted
grenache is bush trained
syrah is trellised
106
what are the grapes black and white grown in southern rhone
```
grenache
syrah
mondevre
cinsault
grenach blanc
boutboulenc
clairette
```
107
what do syrah and mondevre add to a blend with grenache
syrah gives colour and tannin
mondevre is very black fruit but can give the complexity of game and meat
108
what does cinsault add to a southern rhone blend?
red fruit
109
why is it hard to describe a southern rhone
techniques range and winemakers will blend from wines using different fermentation styles
110
what are the style of the best whites of southern rhone?
rich texture full body low to medium acidity and fruity
111
what makes cote du rhone villages different from cote du rhone
villages - more alcohol and greater % has to be made from syrah mondevre or grenache.
villages can add name to label if 100% from village
more body structure and spiced red fruit than cote du rhone
112
describe chateauneuf du pape
grenache dominates and some are 100%
others take use of mondevre
the best are full body and rich texture with red fruit balancing high alcohol
there is a lot of dilute unbalanced chateauneuf du pape
113
Tavel and Lirac make?
rose from grenache and cinsault
full body and intensely flavoured
114
where else in southern rhone produces high quality chateauneuf du pape style
lirac
115
what are the 2 most standing crus of southern rhone
gigondas
vacauerays
making grenache led reds in style of chateauneuf
116
what is the climate of southern france
warm mediterranean
117
how does the growing area of southern france range
foothills are cooler and less fertile well drained soils - quality viticulture
118
the mistral turns to the ______ that blows through the massif and pyrenees
tramatone
119
what are the black grapes of southern france?
```
grenache
syrah
carignan
cinsault
mourvèdre
merlot
cab
```
120
describe carignan in southern rhone
high tannin
high acidity
can lack fruit but can preform on poor soil because it produces enormous yields
121
what is merlot and cab used for in sourthern france
IGP
122
what is southern france benefiting from winemaking wise?
new and old oak
improvement cellar hygiene
temp control
semi carbonic to soften carignan
123
what are the white grapes of southern france
chardonnay
sauvignon blanc
viogner
picpoul
124
describe grenache blanc
dry peachy full body low acidity oxidize easily
125
describe picapoul
high acidity green fruit and citrus
126
the languedoc is made up it departments?
aude
herault
gard
127
cotes du roussillon produces more concentrated wines why?
more mountainous less rainfall and strong wind
128
what are the 2 areas of fitou
warm coastal strip producing fuller body
cooler inland area for lighter wines
129
what cools the altitude vineyards of corbieres
tramontone
130
describe the growing conditions of minervois
rich soil
altitude
atlantic cooling
131
in southern france where is a region for premium oaked chardonnay’s
limoux
132
where do the most IGPs come from in france
southern france named pays d’oc
| large volume and excellent value for money
133
describe a rose from provence?
pale
light body
dry
grapefruit and red fruit
134
what does Bandol produce
premium reds based on mourvedre
| dark full body powerful tannins that need bottle age to show bramble meat and licorice
