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wset 3 > Spain > Flashcards

Spain Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 climate zones of spain?

A

north and northwest - moderate to maritime, high rainfall

east coast - warm mediterranean climate

the meseta central - no cooling influence from sea, hot continental climate, cold winters, high altitude is moderated by aspect

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2
Q

how are vines planted in spain?

A

low density bush trained, maximizing water supply and shading fruit

wire training is being introduced to facilitate machine harvesting

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3
Q

describe tempranillo

A

thick skinned, medium acid, needs heat to develop, lacks acidity if there is no diurnal range, does best near the sea or at altitude

usually semi carbonic maceration is used, producing fresh strawberry Joven wine

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4
Q

describe a monastrell from Yecla or Jumilla

A

because of the heat here it can reach full ripeness and produce deep full body wines with high tannin and high alcohol, low to medium acidity and ripe black fruit

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5
Q

what is the high valued grape in rioja that is challenging to grow?

A

Graciano, used in blends to add concentrated black fruit, acidity, and structure to help wine age

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6
Q

what is the spanish name for carignan?

A

carinena

mazuelo in rioja

high acidity and tannin, blend with tempranillo or in priorat blend with grenache to enhance tannic structure

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7
Q

Describe mencia

A

moderate climate grape, fresh fruit, med to high acidity, herbaceous

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8
Q

what winemaking techniques is spain using for whites?

A

fermenting in stainless and harvesting at night to keep the fruit aromas

some oak is used as well as lee stirring to add texture and different flavours

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9
Q

describe verdejo

A

susceptible to oxidization, used to make sherry style wines but with protective wine making it can be high acid light body melon and peach style, skin contact may give it a richer and full body style with barrel fermentation

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10
Q

describe albariño

A

grown in the northwest, thick skin, able to resist fungal disease, high in acid,refreshing citrus and stone fruit

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11
Q

what is the most widely planted grape variety in spain

A

airen- majority in la mancha because it can withstand the heat, makes acceptable wine but mostly used in the production of brandy de jerez

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12
Q

what are the main variety’s of cava production?

A

parellada, xarel-lo, macabeco

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13
Q

which of the cava grapes are also used for still wine production?

A

macabeco- known as Viura in rioja, traditionally it was heavily oaked but dan be unoaked, subtle herb, spice

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14
Q

what are the international variety’s being made in spain?

A

Cab sauv, Merlot, Sauvignon blanc, chardonnay

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15
Q

what is the spanish term for PDO

A

DOP

DO is also used
DOCa - DOs of 10 years (rioja and priorat) priorat uses DOQ
VP - single estates with high reputations

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16
Q

what is the spanish term for PGI?

A

VdlT

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17
Q

what are the aging and oak requirements for red

A

Joven - 0
Crianza - 2 years / 6 m in oak
Riserva - 3 years / 12 m in oak
Gran riserva - 5 years / 18 m in oak

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18
Q

what are the aging requirements for white?

A

Joven- 0
Crianza - 18m / 6 m in oak
Riserva - 2 years / 6 m in oak
gran riserva - 4 years / 6 m in oak

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19
Q

what are the regions in the upper ebro

A

Rioja
Navarra
carinena/calatayud

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20
Q

what are the 3 sub regions of Rioja

A

Rioja Alavesa - north bank of Ebro in foothills of cantabrian mountains - 500/800m

Rio alta - 500/800 m

Rio Baja - hotter summers and more severe winters low rainfall

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21
Q

what are the cooling influences of Rioja

A

altitude
atlantic ocean
cantabrian mountains shield from atlantic weather

22
Q

what is the most widely planted grape in Rioja and the style and winemaking choices

A

tempranillo

does best in cooler, main component of most blends, adding red fruit flavours and medium tannins, it benifits from the body and alcohol from grenache and mazuelo and graciano are also in the blends

early drinking wines undergo semi carbonic maceration for red fruit and low tannins

wines designed for long term maturation are de stemmed crushed and undergo traditional fermentation - some have cap management and extended maceration for for heavily extracted wines

previously american oak was heavily used now more commonly french oak

23
Q

describe a traditional white from Rioja vs a Modern and what is the most common grape?

A

Viura

traditionally they were aged in american oak, deliberately oxidized and and developed deep golden colour with nutty flavours

modernly they are made with minimal oxygen contact

24
Q

what is the most widely planted variety of Navarra and what style are they making?

A

Tempranillo

blended with other rioja varieties or with Cab and Merlot

25
Q

what is the style of Rose in Navarra

A

grenache grapes picked early when acid is high and sugar is low, handled protectively to create refreshing fruity wines with medium alcohol

26
Q

what are the white grapes in Navarra

A

Viura
Chardonnay
Sauvignon blanc

27
Q

what is the climate of Carinena and Calatayud and what is the main grape?

A

warm continental low rainfall

garnacha - fruity and inexpensive

blends of garnacha and carinena old vines have greater structure and fruit intensity

28
Q

what are the regions of Catalunya

A

Pendes

Priorat

29
Q

why does catalunya have a generic DO

A

to enable blending to create high volume branded wines

30
Q

what are the 3 climate regions of the pendes

A

coastal plain - hot/mediterranean
valleys - slightly cooler
further up the hills - 800 m moderate climate

31
Q

what are the grapes grown in the pendes

A

majority is cava production grapes

ask chardonnay, sauv blanc, gewurtrazimer, merlot, cab sauv, tempranillo, pinot noir

32
Q

what is tempranillo in pendes

A

ull de llebre

33
Q

what is the climate of priorat

A

long. hot dry summers low annual rainfall

34
Q

priorats warm conditions are best for which grapes?

A

old vine garnacha and carinena

35
Q

what are the soils in priorat?

A

llicorella - red slate soils with small particles of mica

they reflect and conserve heat and retain water

36
Q

why are priorats wines expensive?

A

the steep slopes and bush vines make mechanisation hard, vineyards are expensive and time consuming

low nutrient soils and age of vines produce low yields

37
Q

describe red priorat

A

deep colour, high tannins, med- high alc, black fruit

new french oak

Garnacha and carinena are the core blends and cab sauv can be added

38
Q

what are the regions of The Duero Valley

A

ribera del duero
toro
rueda

39
Q

what is the climate of ribera del duero

A

short hot dry summers cold winters

850 m elevation for cool nighttime temperatures to retain acidity and freshness

40
Q

what is the main grape of ribera del duero?

A

tempranillo

other grapes: cab, merlot, malbec, granacha for rose

41
Q

describe a ribera del duero wine making process

A

long macerations and ageing in new french oak

42
Q

describe wines from toro

A

full bodied and intense fruit high alcohol tempranillo

43
Q

what are the 2 important varieties in rueda

A

verdejo

sauvignon blanc

44
Q

white blends from rueda must contain?

A

at least 50% verdejo

45
Q

what are the regions of the north west

A

rias baixas

bierzo

46
Q

what is the climate of rias biaxas

A

moderate/damp climate

47
Q

describe albariño from rias biaxas and the growing conditions

A

mildew and rot are a problem so vines are trained on pergolas for air circulation

it’s high acid and ripe fruit typically unoaked some oaked / lees style

48
Q

what regions make up the levante?

A

valencia
jumilla
yecla

49
Q

what is the predominant grapes in valencia

A

monastrell
merseguera
muscat - to produce moscadel de valencia - a sweet fortified wine

50
Q

what is the majority grape in jumilla and yecla

A

monastrell

51
Q

what is coming from la mancha

A

airen - neutral fresh wines

tempranillo, cencibel, cabernet sauvignon, merlot, syrah, chardonnay

inexpensive well made reds and whites for export

wset 3 (24 decks)

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