France - Champagne Flashcards
(115 cards)
1
Q
Can you call a sparkling wine Champagne if it’s not from Champagne, France?
A
No, of the wine isn’t made from Champagne, France it legally can’t be called champagne. It can be called mèthode traditionalle or mèthode classique
2
Q
What are the two separate fermentations involved in Mèthode Champenoise?
A
- Creating a still wine (Vin Clair)
2. In a bottle create and trap carbonation
3
Q
What is the soil type of Champagne?
A
Chalk / Limestone
4
Q
Where is Champagne located? (name the longitude)
A
Northeastern France - 90 miles from Paris
49th parallel
One of the most northernmost regions
5
Q
What is assemblage?
A
Process of blending done by the cellar master to make a house blend
6
Q
What are the two main rivers of Champagne?
A
Velse River - Montage de Reims
Marne River - Valle de la Marne
7
Q
What is the weather type of Champagne, France?
A
Cold, wet, and damp
8
Q
What are the two main cities in the region of Champagne?
A
Reims
Èpernay
9
Q
What region is closest to the city of Reims?
A
Montage de Reims
10
Q
What region is closest to the city of Epernay?
A
Valle de la Marne
11
Q
If a champagne is 100% Chardonnay which region was it probably produced in?
A
Côte de Blancs
12
Q
If a champagne is 100% Pinot Noir which region was it probably produced in?
A
Montage de Reims
13
Q
What are the two forms of pressing champagne grapes?
A
Cuveè - first pressing
Taille - second pressing, add with cuveè to make vintage or nonvintage champagne
14
Q
What are the 5 regions of Champagne?
A
North to south
- Montage de Reims
- Valle de la Marne
- Côte de Blancs
- Côte de Sèzanne
- The Aube
15
Q
What is Remuage?
A
This is the process where the bottle is lightly shaken (either by hand or machine) in a way to gather the spent lees in the bottle towards the neck of the bottle
16
Q
When no sugar is added and the wine is bone dry it is called?
A
Brut Nature
17
Q
A minimal amount of sugar is added that is barely perceivable, wines are dry. This is the most popular style of Champagne produced?
A
Brut
18
Q
Some sugar is added, making the wine off dry. The second most popular style of Champagne?
A
Extra Dry or Extra Sec
(Note that extra Brut is something else)
19
Q
A heavy concentration of sugar added. This type of champagne is extremely sweet and is considered a dessert wine?
A
Doux Champagne
20
Q
What are champage vineyards called?
A
Houses
21
Q
What grape is a clone of Pinot Noir?
A
Pinot Meunier
22
Q
What characteristic does Pinot Meunièr have in Sparkling wine?
A
fruit character
23
Q
What role Characteristic does Pinot Noir have in sparkling wines?
A
Weight and Structure
24
Q
Primary grapes used to make Champagne in Montage de Reims?
A
Pinot Noir
Pinot Meunier
25
Primary grapes used to make Champagne in Valle de la Marne?
Pinot Meunier
26
Primary grape used to make Champagne in the Cote de Blancs?
Chardonnay
27
Primary grape used in the Côte de Sezanne to make Champagne?
Chardonnay
28
Primary grape used to make Champagne in the Aube?
Pinot Noir
29
The dead deposit of dead yeast or residual yeast and other particles that precipitate, or are carried by the action of "fining", to the bottom of a vat of wine after Fermentation and aging is called?
Lees
30
What is the most common champagne style?
Non Vintage
31
Expelling the sediments from the title after Remuage is called?
Disgorgement
32
What grape accounts for the largest acreage in Champagne?
Pinot Noir
33
What is the most southerly region in Champagne?
The Aube
34
Which of the following methods involves a single fermentation that begins in tank but concludes in the bottle?
Mèthode Ancestrale
35
If a champagne is Blanc de Noir it is 100% what?
Black grapes that are approved for the Region of Champagne
36
If a champane is Blanc de Blanc it is 100% what?
Chardonnay
37
The number of grams of sugar added after disgorgement is called?
Liqueur D'expedition also known as Dosage
38
What is another name for Dosage?
Liqueur D'Expedition
39
What is Liquer de Tirage?
Before the second fermentation the addition of wine, sugar and yeast
40
What are the steps of Method Champenoise?
Harvest
Pressing Grapes
Fermentation
Assemblage - Making Still Wine
Liqueur de Tirage
Second Fermentation
Aging
Riddling
Degorgement
Liqueur D' Expedition (Dosage)
Recorking
41
How many bottles are on a Pupitre?
60 bottles
42
How many bottles does a Gyropallete hold?
504 bottles
43
What is the minimum aging for nonvintage wine?
15 months
44
What is the minimum aging for Vintage wine?
36 months
45
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 0-12 grams per liter?
Brut
46
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 0-3 grams per liter / no added Dosage?
Brut Nature / Non Dose
47
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 12-17 grams per liter?
Extra Dry / Extra Sec
48
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 17-32 grams per liter?
Sec / Dry
49
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 32-50 grams per liter?
Demi - Sec
50
What is the name of the type of sparkling wine of it has a residual sugar level of 50 + grams per liter?
Doux
51
What is the largest champagne bottle size on the market
Solomon 18 L / 24 bottles
52
What are some common Champagne aromas?
Apple
Toast
Citrus
Yeast (Bread Dough)
Hazelnuts / Walnuts
53
What is special about Champagne labeling?
They are the only appellation that is not required to state AOP/AOC on the label
54
What is the most dominant soil type in the Aube?
Clay
55
What does blocage and deblocage mean?
Blocage - the reserve of wine stocks for use in future vintages
Deblocage - the release
56
Who is Madame Barbe - Nicole Ponsardin
The Vueve Cliquot
57
What did Madam Barbe Nicole Ponsardin pioneer once she took over the house of Cliquot
The development of the pupitre
58
What region was removed from champagne in the realigning of Champagne in 1908
The Aube
59
When was The Aube reinstated as a full Region of champagne
1927
60
When was champagne enshrined into the AOC / AOP
1936
61
What is the Commission de Châlons
Founded in 1936 in Champagne as a consortium of growers and merchants to develop quality standards and regulate pricing
62
Pinot Noir is the prominent grape in what districts in Champagne
Montage de Reims
Côte des Bars (The Aube)
63
Chardonnay is the dominant grape of what districts in a Champange
Côte de Sézanne
Côte des Blancs
64
Pinot Meunier is the primary grape for what District in Champange
Vallée de la Marne
65
What directions are the slopes facing in Côte des Blanc
Southeast
East
66
Who can recieve Cru status in Champagne
Cru status is awarded to entire villages in Champagne , rather than individual vineyards or properties
67
How many Grand Crus are in Champagne
17
68
How many premier Crus are in Champagne
42
69
What does the CIVIC regulate
1. Size of harvest
2. Authorizes blocage and deblocage
3. Safeguards the protected designation of Champange
70
What is the percentile system by which villages or Crus of champagne appellations are rated
Échelle de Crus
71
If a village achieved the maximum échelle ("scale") of 100 in Champagne what was it classified as
Grand Cru
72
Villages in Champagne with a rating below 90 were classified as
Crus
73
Large Champange houses such as :
Möet et Chandon
Louis Roederer
Vueve Clicquot Ponsardin
Tattinger
Pol Roger
Perrier - Jouët
Mumm
Laurent - Perrier
All fall under what type of champagne produced
Négociant Manipulant
74
What is a MA
Marque d'Acheteur - a buyers own brand, often a large supermarket chain or resturant that purchases Champagne and sells it under its own label
75
How long does the second fermentation process last
Up to 8 weeks
76
What is a Demi
A half bottle of champagne
375 ml
77
What is the size of the standard champagne bottle
750 ml
78
What is a magnum
2 bottles - 1.5 Liters
79
What is the maximum amount of a years harvest may be sold as vintage Champagne
80%
80
Cristal is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Louis Roederer
81
Grand Siècle is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Laurent - Perrier
82
Belle Épique is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Perrier - Jouët
83
Cuveè Sir Winston Churchill is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Pol Roger
84
Dom Ruinart is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Ruinart
85
La Grande Dame is the Tete de Cuveè for what house
Vueve Clicquot
86
Name 3 grower producers of Champagne
Nowack
Tarlant
Benoît Lahaye
Agrapart & Fils
David Léclapart
87
Name 3 cooperatives
1. Nicolas Feuillatte
2. Champagne Mailly / Mailly Grand Cru
3. Champagne Collet
88
How many villages make up champagne
330 villages
89
How many premier crus are there in Champagne
42
90
What percentage of Meunier is grown in Champagne
Meunier makes up 32%
91
What percentage of Pinot Noir is grown in Champagne
Pinot Noir makes up 38%
92
What percentage of Chardonnay is grown in Champagne
Chardonnay makes up 30%
93
What are some classic flavours of champagne
```
Toast
Baked Bread
Biscuits
Pastries
Grilled Nuts
```
94
What are the 3 legal stages where you can use sugar in Champagne
1. Chaptalisation (ours during the still wine process)
2. Liqueur de tirage
3. Liqueur d’expédition
95
Vieilles Vignes
a French term that appears on wine labels to indicate that the wine is made from grapes grown on particularly old grapevines.
96
Récoltant Manipulant
Term on the label that means champagnes produced by the estate that owns the vineyards where the grapes are grown
aka Growers aka Vignerons
97
Who invented the Pupitre
Madam Barbe Nicole Cliquot Ponsardin
Cellermaster Antoine De Müller
98
Rich, powerful, and blended champagnes are the characteristics of what region in champagne
Montagne de Reims
99
Fruity, easy drinking Pinot Meunier are the characteristics of what region in champagne
Vallee de la Marne
100
Elegant and zippy chardonnay are the characteristics of what region in champagne
Cote de Blanc
101
Soft and easy drinking pinot noir are the characteristics of what region in champagne
The Aube
102
What bodies of water are located to the northwest of the region of champagne
North Sea and the English Channel
103
What three rivers are apart of the Montagne de Reims
Ardre , Velse, and Marne River
104
When are grapes picked - earlier or later and why?
Grapes are picked earlier to preserve natural acidity.
105
What are the characteristics of the Mountain wines made in Montagne de Reims
They are more rigidly structured
106
Name best Champagne vintages going back 15 years
2005, 2008, 2012, 2013, 2015
107
Is the climate predictable, why or why not?
No protection from Atlantic influence; therefore,
unpredictable weather, rain, frost, and hail threats.
108
What are the steps of making Champagne
Champagne Method Steps:
1. Still wine is made
2. Assemblage of cuvée
3. Bubbles are created
using liqueur de tirage
4. Sur lie aging - Autolysis
5. Riddling (rémuage) using
pupitre or gyropalette
6. Disgorging
(dégorgement)
7. Dosage added using
liqueur d'expédition
109
Rank from driest to sweetest
Brut Nature
Extra Brut
Brut
Extra Dry
Sec
Demi-Sec
Doux
110
Liqueur de tirage
A liquid solution of yeast, wine and sugar that is added to the still base wine in order to create the secondary fermentation in bottle.
111
Describe the contents of and liqueur d'expédition (dosage) and how it affects the style of the wine
(-) Contents = sugar syrup and wine
(-) Prior to closing the bottle with a cork, dosage (liqueur d'expedition) is inserted into each bottle
(-) Determines the final sweetness of the wine, consistency in winery style
(-) Used to balance the wine and can also provide a wine with a unique flavour
112
Le Comité Interprofessionnel du vin de Champagne (CIVC) i
(-) Organisation grouping the actors of the Champagne production and trade - growers, cooperatives and merchants
(-) Under the direction of the government
(-) Charged with organizing and controlling the production, distribution, and promotion of the wines of Champagne as well as conducting research
(-) Until 1990 it set the price of grapes
(-) still intervenes to regulate the size of the harvest and to limit the production of wine in order to maintain market prices.
113
Name 5 Grandes Marques
Ruinart
Veuve Cliquot
Taittinger
Moët & Chandon
Pommery
Billecart-Salmon
Bollinger
114
Négociant Manipulant
French designation (NM) for a Champagne producer who buys grapes, grape must or base wine, processes it into Champagne on his own premises and markets it under his own name or trademark.
115
Special Club Champagne
The cuvée must be produced with grapes from outstanding vintages harvested from the member’s own vineyards.
