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PHL 5 > Freedom and Moral Act > Flashcards

Freedom and Moral Act Flashcards

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1
Q

ACTS THAT PROCEED FROM REASON AND FREE WILL

A

HUMAN ACTS

/PERSONAL ACTS

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2
Q

ACTIONS WHICH ARE PERFORMED WITHOUT THE INTERVENTION

OF THE INTELLECT AND THE FREE WILL

A

ACTS OF MAN

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3
Q

THEY COMPRISE ALL SPONTANEOUS,

BIOLOGICAL AND SENSUAL PROCESSES

A

ACTS OF MAN

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4
Q

INDELIBERATE, INVOLUNTARY, NOT FREE, NOT UNDER ONE’S CONTROL, AND BEYOND THE MIND AND WILL

A

ACTS OF MAN

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5
Q 
More Examples:
  falling in love
  crying
  beating of the heart
  digestion
  actions of a child who has not come to the use of reason
  actions while asleep
  all spontaneous reactions
  actions of (really) drunken person
A

ACTS OF MAN

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6
Q

CONSTITUENT PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN ACTS (Essential Conditions)

A

Knowledge
Freedom
Voluntariness

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7
Q

is the ability to act without restraint.

A

Freedom

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8
Q

In the context of internal control, it is also known as self-determination, individual sovereignty, or autonomy

A

Freedom

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9
Q

is a will-act,

wherein there must be both the knowledge and freedom in the agent.

A

Voluntariness

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10
Q

the consequent act whenever an act proceeds from the will

without deliberation

A

not free

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11
Q

the consequent act whenever there is deliberation in the understanding

A

free

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12
Q

DETERMINANTS/Sources OF MORALITY

A
  1. THE OBJECT / THE ACT ITSELF
  2. CIRCUMSTANCES
  3. THE END INTENDED BY THE AGENT / INTENTION
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13
Q

It is the primary source for the judgment of an action
The action or the deed itself
The matter of human act
The object chosen is a good toward which the will deliberately directs itself.

A

THE OBJECT / THE ACT ITSELF

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14
Q

THE CONDITIONS OUTSIDE THE ACT (not part of the act)

A

CIRCUMSTANCES

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15
Q

7 circumstances

A 
The Circumstance of Person
The Circumstance of Place
The Circumstance of Time
The Circumstance of Manner
The Condition of the Agent
The Circumstance of the Thing Itself
The Means
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16
Q
  • refers to the doer (agent) of the act and the receiver or person to whom the act is done.
A

Circumstance of PERSON

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17
Q
  • Refers to the particular space or locality where the act is done or performed
A

Circumstance of PLACE

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18
Q
  • Refers to the exact or definite moment or hour when the act is performed.
A

Circumstance of TIME

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19
Q

Refers to the WAY THE AGENT manage to do his act.

A

Circumstance of MANNER

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20
Q

“In what condition was the agent when he/she performed the act how did the agent do the act?”

“was the agent ignorant or influenced by fear, habits, emotions, etc.?”

A

Condition of the AGENT

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21
Q

Denotes the special quality of the object

A

Circumstance of the THING ITSELF

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22
Q

“By what means?” and “By whose help?”

A

Circumstance of The MEANS

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23
Q

It is the objective of the act

The reason or the intention for doing an act.

A

THE END INTENDED BY THE AGENT / INTENTION

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24
Q

THE REASON FOR WHICH THE AGENT UNDERTAKES THE ACT
The movement of the will toward the end

It is an essential element to the moral evaluation of an action

A

THE END INTENDED BY THE AGENT / INTENTION

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25
An act which is good in itself and is done for a good end
doubly good
26
An act which is bad itself and is done with a bad end
doubly bad
27
An act which is good itself and is done with a bad intention
bad
28
An act which is bad itself and is done with a good end
bad
29
An indifferent act which is done for a good end
good
30
An indifferent act which is done for a bad
bad
31
KINDS OF VOLUNTARY ACTS (7)
1. PERFECTLY VOLUNTARY ACT 2. IMPERFECTLY VOLUNTARY 3. Conditional Voluntariness 4. DIRECTLY VOLUNTARY 5. INDIRECLTY VOLUNTARY 6. POSITIVELY VOLUNTARY ACT 7. NEGATIVELY VOLUNTARY ACT
32
IS AN ACT WHICH IS PERFORMED WITH FULL ATTENTION | AND FULL CONSENT OF THE WILL.
PERFECTLY VOLUNTARY ACT
33
IS AN ACT IF ATTENTION OR CONSENT OF THE WILL | OR BOTH TOGETHER ARE IMPERFECT
IMPERFECTLY VOLUNTARY
34
It is present in a person who is forced by circumstances beyond his control to perform an act.
Conditional Voluntariness
35
IF THE ACT IS INTENDED AS AN END IN ITSELF OR | IF IT IS INTENDED AS A MEANS FOR ANOTHER END
DIRECTLY VOLUNTARY
36
IF AN ACT IS NOT INTENDED BUT MERELY PERMITTED | AS THE INEVITABLE RESULT OF AN OBJECT DIRECTLY WILLED.
INDIRECLTY VOLUNTARY
37
THE WILL EFFECTS SOMETHING POSITIVELY | BY EXERCISING ACTIVE INFLUENCE ON THE CAUSATION OF AN OBJECT
POSITIVELY VOLUNTARY ACT
38
THE WILL EFFECTS SOMETHING NEGATIVELY BY VOLUNTARY OMISSION | OF AN ACT WHICH COULD HAVE AVERTED AN EVIL TO ANOTHER PERSON OR HELPED HIM TO SECURE A GOOD
NEGATIVELY VOLUNTARY ACT
39
Factors which may affect any of the constituents VOLUNTARY human acts These factors may diminish one’s culpability (guilt, fault, responsibility, blameworthiness) These are obstacles affecting the voluntariness of human acts
MODIFIERS OF HUMAN ACTS
40
IMPAIRMENTS OF REQUIRED KNOWLEDGE: (1)
IGNORANCE a. invincible b. vincible
41
IMPAIRMENTS TO FREE CONSENT: (4)
PASSION/ CONCUPISCENCE FEAR AND SOCIAL PRESSURES VIOLENCE DISPOSITIONS AND HABITS
42
merely the lack or absence of knowledge of a person capable of knowing a certain thing or things
IGNORANCE
43
two types of ignorance
invincible | vincible
44
AN IGNORANCE WHICH cannot be clear up (or dispelled), or KNOWLEDGE THAT IS LACKING AND CANNOT BE ACQUIRED.
INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE
45
lacking in knowledge, and such lack of knowledge is NOT responsibility of the AGENT.
INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE
46
Ignorance that which CAN AND SHOULD BE DISPELLED. This implies CULPABLE NEGLIGENCE
VINCIBLE IGNORANCE
47
Kinds of VINCIBLE ignorance: (3)
1. simple, 2. crass, 3. affected
48
one uses some, but NOT enough diligence in an effort to remove ignorance.
SIMPLE vincible
49
The ACTION is culpable, however, culpability is LESSENED by the presence of ignorance
SIMPLE vincible
50
a kind of ignorance which, | though not directly willed, could and should be cleared up, but left wholly undisturbed.
CRASS or supine vincible
51
The culpability is LESSEN yet makes one gravely culpable if it concerns a matter of GRAVE importance.
CRASS or supine vincible
52
which is deliberately fostered in order to avoid any obligation that knowledge might bring to light.
AFFECTED vincible
53
Not lack of knowledge and deliberate unwillingness to dispel her ignorance In regard to MATTER of serious importance is GRAVELY culpable
AFFECTED vincible
54
no responsibility or culpability
Invincible ignorance
55
do not eliminate MORAL RESPONSIBILITY but LESSENS /GRAVER it
Vincible ignorance
56
A MOVEMENT OF THE SENSITIVE (irrational) APPETITE WHICH IS produced BY THE GOOD OR EVIL APPREHENDED BY THE mind
PASSION OR CONCUPISCENCE
57
MOVEMENT OF THE SENSITIVE APPETITE | THAT PRECEDES THE FREE DECISION OF THE WILL
PASSION OR CONCUPISCENCE
58
TWO types OF PASSION/CONCUPISCENCE
ANTECEDENT | CONSEQUENT
59
arises spontaneously before the previous judgment of reason& before the will controls the psychological situation.
ANTECEDENT
60
which is DELIBERATELY aroused by the will to ensure a more prompt and willing operation.
CONSEQUENT
61
A MENTAL AGITATION OF DISTURBANCE BROUGHT ABOUT BY THE APPREHENSION OF SOME PRESENT OR IMMANENT DANGER
FEAR
62
TWO types OF FEAR:
Grave fear | Slight fear
63
aroused by the presence of a danger regarded as SERIOUS.
Grave fear
64
aroused by less or not serious which can be easily avoided.
Slight fear
65
AN EXTERNAL FORCE APPLIED TO COMPEL A PERSON TO DO SOMETHING CONTRARY TO HIS WILL VIOLENCE IS CAUSED BY SOME PHYSICAL OR PSYCHIC AGENT
VIOLENCE
66
TWO GENERAL types of violence:
Perfect violence | Imperfect violence
67
one in which complete resistance is given.
perfect violence
68
occurs when some resistance is shown but NOT as MUCH as should be.
Imperfect violence
69
Inclination to perform some particular action acquired by repetition, and characterized by a decreased power of resistance and an increased facility of performance.
HABITS
70
Sometimes called: “second nature”
HABITS
71
if habits disposes to evil
VICE
72
if habits disposes to good
VIRTUE
73
TWO PRINCIPLES on imputability of EVIL action
1. Evil habits do not lessen the imputability of evil actions if the habit has been recognized as evil and is freely permitted to continue. 2. Evil habits lessen the imputability of evil actions if one is sincerely trying to correct the habit
74
three SOURCES of defining MORALITY
ACT circumstances intention

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