Notions of Morality

Question 1

the theory of duty or moral obligation

Answer 1

DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS or ETHICS OF DUTY

Question 2

“What one is compelled to do by reason of duty”

Answer 2

DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS or ETHICS OF DUTY

Question 3

The most famous deontological theory was advanced by thisGerman philosopher

Answer 3

Immanuel Kant

Question 4

insists that HOW people accomplish their goals

is usually more important than WHAT people accomplish.

Answer 4

deontology

Question 5

, a philosophy

famous for its claim that THE ENDS JUSTIFY THE MEANS

Answer 5

CONSEQUENTIALISM

Question 6

claimed that various actions are morally wrong
if they are inconsistent with the status of a person
as a free and rational being,

and that, conversely, acts that further the status of people as free and rational beings are morally right.

Answer 6

Immanuel Kant

Question 7

One of the most important implications of deontology

Answer 7

Behavior X even if OUTCOME (+)
ACT is (+) even if OUTCOME (-)

Question 8

Denotes an absolute, unconditional requirement
that exerts its authority in all circumstances
“It is wrong to commit murder”

Answer 8

CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE

Question 9

CHARACTERISTICS

of deontology

Answer 9

UNIVERSAL
RATIONAL
CATEGORICAL

Question 10

PRINCIPLES OF THE CATEGORICAL IMPERATIVE

Answer 10

universal law
treat humanity
law-making member

Question 11

any proposition
that declares a certain action or inaction
to be necessary.

Answer 11

IMPERATIVE

Question 12

This leaves one with the choice between maliciously exploiting the other person or being “moral” and offering oneself up as the sacrificial victim.

Answer 12

ALTRUISM

Question 13

is the belief that VALUE

is a non-relational characteristic of an object.

Answer 13

INTRINSICISM

Question 14

Compels action in a given circumstance

“If I wish to satisfy my thirst, then I must drink something”

Answer 14

HYPOTHETICAL IMPERATIVE

Question 15

is a code of ethics
which holds the welfare of others
as the standard of “good”
and self-sacrifice as the only moral action.

Answer 15

ALTRUISM

Question 16

This means that an object can be valuable or not,
good or bad,
without reference to who it is good or bad for,
and without reference to the reason it is good or bad.

Answer 16

INTRINSICISM

Question 17

The belief that values are subjective.

Answer 17

SUBJECTIVISM

Question 18

The concept of value requires a purpose and a beneficiary.

Answer 18

COLLECTIVISM

Question 19

It requires answers to the questions

“Value to whom?” and “Value for what?”

Answer 19

COLLECTIVISM

Question 20

The idea that our moral opinions are based on our feelings, and nothing more.

Answer 20

SUBJECTIVISM

Question 21

There is no right or wrong, only expressions of our feelings.

Answer 21

SUBJECTIVISM

Question 22

says value to the collective,
whether that is society, tribe, family, nation, race, sex,
or any other group or category one “belongs” to.

The standard of good is that which benefits the group

Answer 22

COLLECTIVISM

Question 23

the moral principle which advocates that the use of force is wrong for any reason.

Answer 23

PACIFISM

Question 24

Expresses renewed confidence in the power of man
to respond positively to his own problems
and so discover new things for himself

Answer 24

HUMANISM

Question 25

This applies to both the initiation of force, as well as defensive or retaliatory force.

Answer 25

PACIFISM

Question 26

holds that you should not defend yourself. holds that you should not retrieve your property. holds that nothing should be done about it.

Answer 26

PACIFISM

Question 27

entails a commitment to the search for truth and morality | through human means in support of human interests.

Answer 27

HUMANISM

Question 28

In focusing on the capacity for self-determination, this rejects dependence on faith, the supernatural or divinely revealed texts

Answer 28

HUMANISM

Question 29

Expresses man’s freedom to express himself without repression of any kind.

Answer 29

ANARCHISM

Question 30

Freedom is the highest attainment of a humanity

Answer 30

ANARCHISM

Question 31

is centered on rejection of any form | of compulsory government and supporting its elimination

Answer 31

ANARCHISM

Question 32

derived from the Greek word αναρχια "without archons" or "without rulers“

Answer 32

ANARCHISM

Question 33

Emphasizing action, freedom, and decision as fundamental existentialism is opposed to rationalism and positivism. i.e., argues against definitions of human beings as primarily rational.

Answer 33

EXISTENTIALISM

Question 34

Life is essentially meaningful

Answer 34

Essentialism

Question 35

Life is not essentially meaningful; but, it is, or can be, existentially meaningful.

Answer 35

Existentialism

Question 36

asserts that people actually make decisions based on what has meaning to them rather than what is rational.

Answer 36

Existentialism

Question 37

Comes from the Greek word eudaimonia which means happiness

Answer 37

EUDAIMONISM

Question 38

A system of ethics that evaluates actions in terms of their capacity to produce happiness.

Answer 38

EUDAIMONISM

Question 39

Refers to any conception of ethics that puts human happiness and the complete life of the individual at the center of ethical concern.

Answer 39

EUDAIMONISM

Question 40

the ethical doctrine which believes that the moral worth of an action is solely determined by its contribution to overall utility.

Answer 40

UTILITARIANISM

Question 41

the meaning of concepts is to be sought in their practical bearings

Answer 41

PRAGMATISM

Question 42

the function of thought is to guide action truth is preeminently to be tested by the practical consequences of belief

Answer 42

PRAGMATISM

Question 43

is concerned with results not with usefulness

Answer 43

Pragmatism

Question 44

concerned with usefulness not with results

Answer 44

Utilitarianism

Question 45

theory, especially in ethics or aesthetics, that conceptions of truth and moral values are not absolute but are relative to the persons or groups holding them.

Answer 45

Relativism

Question 46

There is no objective “truth” in morality. Right and wrong are only matters of opinion, and opinions vary from culture to culture

Answer 46

Cultural Relativism

Question 47

Happiness is achieved through the development of “good habits”

Answer 47

Virtue Ethics

Question 48

We ought to strive to develop a “good” character. Seeks to develop individual character. A good person will make a good decision

Answer 48

Virtue Ethics

Question 49

neither excess nor deficiency.

Answer 49

Golden Mean

Question 50

Focuses on the pursuit of self-interest in human conduct.

Answer 50

Ethical Egoism

Question 51

Each person ought to do whatever will best promote his or her own interests.

Answer 51

Ethical Egoism

Question 52

What brings pleasure to an individual is good

Answer 52

Hedonism

Question 53

is the claim that all and only pleasure has worth or value, and all and only pain has disvalue

Answer 53

Hedonism

Question 54

Everything is caused and determined (even human actions and choices) by previously existing causes that preclude free will and the possibility that humans could have acted otherwise.

Answer 54

Determinism

Question 55

-"what will be will be"

Answer 55

Fatalism

Question 56

the universe (both physical and moral) is governed by fate

Answer 56

Stoicism

Question 57

Morality and religion go together

Answer 57

Theonomous Ethics

Question 58

Being good is doing whatever a sacred text tells you

Answer 58

Divine Command

Question 59

Looking at the person of Christ as the norm of all thought and action.

Answer 59

Christian Ethics

Question 60

“Demand not that events should happen as you wish, but wish them to happen as they do happen, and you will go on well.” (Epictetus)

Answer 60

Determinism

Question 61

Might is right

Answer 61

Relativism Hedonism / Egoism Collectivism utlitarianism

Question 62

Morals are mores

Answer 62

Cultural Relativism

Question 63

The individual is the measure

Answer 63

Relativism / Subjectivism Egoism Humanism

Question 64

The human Race is the basis of right

Answer 64

Humanism

Question 65

Right is moderation

Answer 65

Aristotle’s “Golden Mean” or the Virtue of Ethics

Question 66

Right is what brings pleasure

Answer 66

Hedonism ; Egoism

Question 67

Right is the greatest good for the greater number

Answer 67

Utilitarianism; Collectivism

Question 68

Right is what is desirable for it's own sake

Answer 68

Deontological Ethics | Altruism

Question 69

Right is indefinable

Answer 69

Ethical Relativism Subjectivism Determinism

Question 70

Right is what God wills

Answer 70

Theonomous Ethics