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Frequency Distribution Flashcards

1
Q

When the score categories (X values) are measurements from a nominal or an ordinal scale, the graph should be a _______.

A

bar graph

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2
Q

measures the fraction of the total group that is associated with each score

A

Proportion/ Relative Frequency

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3
Q

In a __________, a bar is centered above each score

A

histogram

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5
Q

scores pile up on one side of the distribution, leaving a “tail” of a few extreme values on the other side.

A

Skewed

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7
Q

the scores tend to pile up on the left side of the distribution with the tail tapering off to the right.

A

Positively skewed

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8
Q

presents an organized picture of the entire set of scores, and it shows where each individual is located relative to others in the distribution.

A

Frequency distribution

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9
Q

the scores tend to pile up on the right side and the tail points to the left.

A

Negatively skewed distribution

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10
Q

sum of the frequencies accumulated up to the upper boundary of a class in the distribution.

A

Cumulative frequency

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12
Q

circle that is divided into sections according to the percentage of frequencies in each category of the distribution.

A

Pie chart

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13
Q

allows you to estimate values within the interval by assuming that the fractional portions of one scale correspond to the same fractional portion of the other.

A

Interpolation

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14
Q

When the score categories consist of numerical scores from an interval or ratio scale, the graph should be either a ____________

A

histogram or a polygon

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15
Q

An organized tabulation showing exactly how many individuals are located in each category on the scale of measurement.

A

Frequency distribution

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16
Q

In a stem and leaf display, first occurrence is associated with the ____________

A

Lower leaf values

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17
Q

statistical measure that determines a single value that accurately describes the center of the distribution and represents the entire distribution of scores.

A

Central tendency

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18
Q

In a stem and leaf display, the second occurrence is associated with the

A

Upper leaf display

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19
Q

They are used to visually represent how many values are below a certain upper class boundary.

A

Cumulative frequency

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20
Q

___________ represent the accumulation of individuals (frequency) as it move up to the scale

A

Cumulative frequency

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21
Q

a mathematical process based on the assumption that the scores and the percentages change in a regular, linear fashion as you move through an interval from one end to the other

A

Interpolation

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23
Q

Purpose of the variability

A

to determine how spread out the scores are in a distribution.

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25
Q

Goals of central tendency

A

identify the single value that is the best representative for the entire set of data.

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26
Q

the balance point of the distribution because the sum of the distances below the mean is exactly equal to the sum of the distances above the mean.

A

Mean

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27
Q

most frequently occurring category or score in the distribution

A

Mode

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28
Q

You must use ________ to determine the corresponding ranks and percentiles when scores or percentages do not correspond to upper real limits or cumulative percentages

A

interpolation

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29
Q

distance between the first quartile and the third quartile

A

Interquartile range

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30
When an X value is described by its rank, it is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
percentile
31
most commonly used measure of central tendency
Mean
32
measure of the standard distance from the mean
Standard deviation
33
mean squared deviation and is obtained by finding the sum of the squared deviations and then dividing by the number.
Variance
34
Each ______________ identifies the percentile rank for the upper real limit of the corresponding score or class interval.
cumulative percentage
35
allows researchers to summarize or condense a large set of data into a single value.
Central tendency
36
This mean is used most often when the population is very large.
Sample mean
37
In a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, a dot is centered above each score so that the height of the dot corresponds to the frequency
polygon
38
allows researchers to describe or present a set of data in a very simplified, concise form
Central tendency
39
Not influenced by extreme scores and more stable than the range
Semi-interquartile range
40
distance between the upper real limit of the largest X and the lower real limit of the smallest X in the distribution.
Range
41
square root of the variance.
Standard deviation
42
The most commonly used measure of variability in a distribution of test scores
Standard deviation
43
advantage of the median
it is relatively unaffected by extreme scores.
45
one-half the distance between the first interquartile and the third interquartile
semi-interquartile range
46
Four basic measures of variability
Range Interquartile and Semi-interquartile Variance Standard deviation
47
expected value of a random variable in a probability distribution is sometimes called the population mean
Population mean
49
One method for simplifying and organizing data is to construct a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
frequency distribution
50
# Reverse bar graph
When the score categories (X values) are measurements from a nominal or an ordinal scale, the graph should be a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
51
# Reverse Proportion/ Relative Frequency
measures the fraction of the total group that is associated with each score
52
# Reverse histogram
In a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, a bar is centered above each score
53
# Reverse Skewed
scores pile up on one side of the distribution, leaving a "tail" of a few extreme values on the other side.
54
# Reverse Positively skewed
the scores tend to pile up on the left side of the distribution with the tail tapering off to the right.
55
# Reverse Frequency distribution
presents an organized picture of the entire set of scores, and it shows where each individual is located relative to others in the distribution.
56
# Reverse Negatively skewed distribution
the scores tend to pile up on the right side and the tail points to the left.
57
# Reverse Cumulative frequency
sum of the frequencies accumulated up to the upper boundary of a class in the distribution.
58
# Reverse Pie chart
circle that is divided into sections according to the percentage of frequencies in each category of the distribution.
59
# Reverse Interpolation
allows you to estimate values within the interval by assuming that the fractional portions of one scale correspond to the same fractional portion of the other.
60
# Reverse histogram or a polygon
When the score categories consist of numerical scores from an interval or ratio scale, the graph should be either a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
61
# Reverse Frequency distribution
An organized tabulation showing exactly how many individuals are located in each category on the scale of measurement.
62
# Reverse Lower leaf values
In a stem and leaf display, first occurrence is associated with the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
63
# Reverse Central tendency
statistical measure that determines a single value that accurately describes the center of the distribution and represents the entire distribution of scores.
64
# Reverse Upper leaf display
In a stem and leaf display, the second occurrence is associated with the
65
# Reverse Cumulative frequency
They are used to visually represent how many values are below a certain upper class boundary.
66
# Reverse Cumulative frequency
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ represent the accumulation of individuals (frequency) as it move up to the scale
67
# Reverse Interpolation
a mathematical process based on the assumption that the scores and the percentages change in a regular, linear fashion as you move through an interval from one end to the other
68
# Reverse to determine how spread out the scores are in a distribution.
Purpose of the variability
69
# Reverse identify the single value that is the best representative for the entire set of data.
Goals of central tendency
70
# Reverse Mean
the balance point of the distribution because the sum of the distances below the mean is exactly equal to the sum of the distances above the mean.
71
# Reverse Mode
most frequently occurring category or score in the distribution
72
# Reverse Interquartile range
distance between the first quartile and the third quartile
73
# Reverse percentile
When an X value is described by its rank, it is called a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
74
# Reverse Mean
most commonly used measure of central tendency
75
# Reverse Standard deviation
measure of the standard distance from the mean
76
# Reverse Variance
mean squared deviation and is obtained by finding the sum of the squared deviations and then dividing by the number.
77
# Reverse cumulative percentage
Each ______________ identifies the percentile rank for the upper real limit of the corresponding score or class interval.
78
# Reverse Central tendency
allows researchers to summarize or condense a large set of data into a single value.
79
# Reverse Sample mean
This mean is used most often when the population is very large.
80
# Reverse polygon
In a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_, a dot is centered above each score so that the height of the dot corresponds to the frequency
81
# Reverse Central tendency
allows researchers to describe or present a set of data in a very simplified, concise form
82
# Reverse Semi-interquartile range
Not influenced by extreme scores and more stable than the range
83
# Reverse Range
distance between the upper real limit of the largest X and the lower real limit of the smallest X in the distribution.
84
# Reverse Standard deviation
square root of the variance.
85
# Reverse Standard deviation
The most commonly used measure of variability in a distribution of test scores
86
# Reverse it is relatively unaffected by extreme scores.
advantage of the median
87
# Reverse semi-interquartile range
one-half the distance between the first interquartile and the third interquartile
88
# Reverse Range Interquartile and Semi-interquartile Variance Standard deviation
Four basic measures of variability
89
# Reverse Population mean
expected value of a random variable in a probability distribution is sometimes called the population mean
90
# Reverse frequency distribution
One method for simplifying and organizing data is to construct a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.

PsyStat (3 decks)

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