friday 19th

Question 1

horizontal diplopia

Answer 1

CN VI palsy

Question 2

verticel diplopia

Answer 2

CN Iv palsy

Question 3

most common cause of viral meningitis

Answer 3

enterovirus

Question 4

what is guttate psoriasis triggered by

Answer 4

strep pyogenes infection

Question 5

first line mangement of psoriasis

Answer 5

a potent steroid applied once daily plus vitamin D analogue applied once daily - one in mornign one at night

Question 6

tx of rosacea with flushing

Answer 6

topical brimonidine

Question 7

tx of rosacea with predom pustules

Answer 7

topicla ivermectin

Question 8

first line tx for acne

Answer 8

topical tx. eg topical retinoids, benzoyl peroxide)

Question 9

what antibiotics are used in acne anf for how long

Answer 9

oral tetracycline eg lymecyclin, oxycyclin max 3 months

Question 10

what should be co-prescribed alongisde abx in acne

Answer 10

topical benxoyl or retinoid

Question 11

first line investigation of acute closed angle glaucoma

Answer 11

tonometry

Question 12

definitive mangement of acute closed angle glaucome

Answer 12

laser peripheral iridotomy

Question 13

features of acute closed angle glaucome

Answer 13

halos around light
pain
decreased visual acuity
fixed non reactive pupil

Question 14

most common cause of blindness in Uk

Answer 14

ARMD

Question 15

most common type of ARMD

Answer 15

dry

Question 16

what are wet and dry ARMD characterised by

Answer 16

dry - drusen
wet - neovascularisation

Question 17

drusen on fundoscopy

Answer 17

DRY ARMD

Question 18

treatment of wet and dry ARMD

Answer 18

dry - zinc with anti-oxidant vitamins A,C and E
wet - VEGF

Question 19

symptoms of anterior uveitis

Answer 19

acute discomfort & pain (may increase with use)
pupil may be small +/- irregular
photophobia
blurred vision
red eye
lacrimation
ciliary flush: a ring of red spreading outwards
hypopyon

Question 20

what is argyll robinson pupil

Answer 20

Accomodatin reflex present but pupillary light reflex absent

Question 21

features of cataracts

Answer 21

gradual onset of reduced vision, faded colour, glare and halos

Question 22

no red light reflex in old person

Answer 22

cataracts

Question 23

what is seen on fundoscopy in central retinal vein occlusion vs branch

Answer 23

widespread stormy sunset branch is smaller area

Question 24

bacterial vs viral corneal ulcer

Answer 24

viral - dendritic uler
bacterial - ciruclar

Question 25

cause of bacterial ulcer in contatc lense wearere

Answer 25

acanthomoeba keratitis

Question 26

pathophysioloyg of diabetic retinopathy

Answer 26

Hyperglycaemia cause increased retinal blood flow and precipitates damage to endothelial cells Endothelial dysfunction leads to increased vascular permeability which causes t exudates . Pericyte dysfunction predisposes to the formation of microaneurysms. Neovasculization is thought to be caused by the production of growth factors in response to retinal ischaemia

Question 27

key feature of proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Answer 27

neovascularisation

Question 28

features of non proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Answer 28

hard exudate cotton wool spots microaneurysm blot haemorrhages

Question 29

type of diabetic retinopathy

Answer 29

1- non preolif 2. proliferative 3. maculopathy

Question 30

tx of prolif diabetic retinopathy

Answer 30

pan retinal laser coaguloathy intravitreal VEGF

Question 31

differentiating episclertis from scleritis

Answer 31

both red Scleritis painful episcleritis vessles move when pressed

Question 32

what drops can be used to differentiate between episcleritis and scleritis

Answer 32

phenylephrine drops

Question 33

treatment of Herpes zoster ophthalmicus

Answer 33

oral antiviral for 7-10 days

Question 34

tx of bacterial comjunctivitis

Answer 34

topical chloramphenicol

Question 35

typical cause of bacterial keratitis and cause in contact lense wearers

Answer 35

staph aurus pseudamonus in contact wearers

Question 36

features of keratitis

Answer 36

red eye pain photophobia foreign body sensation hypopyon

Question 37

management of keratitis

Answer 37

stop using contact lens topical antibiotics- quinolones pain relief - cyclopentolate

Question 38

what to do if blood in ant chamber

Answer 38

uregent referral

Question 39

risk factors for retinal detachment

Answer 39

short sightedness diabetes age trauma

Question 40

mangement of open angel glaucoma

Answer 40

1 - 360 degreen laser trabeculoplasty if >24 mmhg 2- prostaglandin analigue 3 - either bblocker, carbonic anhydrase, sympathomimetic

Question 41

casues of sudden painless visual loss

Answer 41

vascular.ischaemia retinal detachment vitrial detachment anterior ischamic optic disc )GCA)