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passmed notes > sunday 21st > Flashcards

sunday 21st Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

what would characteriscally casue loss of DCML eg vibration first

A

b12 deficiency

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2
Q

what tumour is caused by secondary hyperparathyroid

A

browns tumour of the bone

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3
Q

management of bone disease in CKD

A
  1. reduce phosphate intake
  2. phophate binders - calcium carbonate/sevelamar
  3. vit D supps
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4
Q

anamia in CKD predisposes to what heart pathology

A

lv hypertrophy

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5
Q

test used for proteinuria in daibetics

A

ACR

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6
Q

hypertension management in CKD

A

ACEI
Furosemide

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7
Q

examples of potassium sparing diuretics

A

eplerenone spironolactone

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8
Q

treatment of preotienuria in CKD

A

ACEI
SGLT-2

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9
Q

treatment of arotic stenosis

A

symptomatic = valve replacement
asymptomatic but valvular gradient > 40 mmHg and with features such as lV dysfunction then consider surgery

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10
Q

is fasiculations an UMN or LMN sign

A

LMN

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11
Q

how to work out serum osmolality

A

2x sodium + glucose+urea

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12
Q

what is seen in HHS - symps and findings

A

polyuria, polydipsia, confusion, dehydrated , lethargy, N&V

hyerglycaemia >30
serum osmol>320
hypovolaemia

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13
Q

complications of HHS

A

hyperviscosity therefor MI and stroke give VTE prophylaxis

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14
Q

rescue therpay for exacerbations of neuropathic pain

A

tramadol

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15
Q

criteria for liver trasnplant post paracetamol overdose

A

Arterial pH < 7.3, 24 hours after ingestion

or all of the following:
prothrombin time > 100 seconds
creatinine > 300 µmol/l
grade III or IV encephalopathy

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16
Q

management of torsades

A

iv mag sulphate

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17
Q

treatment of barrets oseophagus

A

high dose PPI
if dysplasia 1st line - radiofrequency ablation

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18
Q

Symptoms of ADPKD

A

loin pain
haematuria
palpable masses
HTN
recurrent UTI
renal stones

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19
Q

first investigation in acute limb ischaemia

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A

handheld dopller

20
Q

medications for individuals with PAD

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A

Clopidogrel and atorvastaton

21
Q

investigations for varicose veins

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A

venous duplex ultrasound: this will demonstrate retrograde venous flow

22
Q

treatment of varcisoe veins

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A

compression stockings
endothermal ablation:
foam sclerotherapy:
surgery: ligation or stripping

23
Q

management of takayasu

24
Q

types of gastric adenocarcinoma and associations

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A

intestinal - angry ulcer
diffuse - dignet ring type

25
tx of gatroparesis
metroclopamide - pro-kinetic
26
dyspahgia to both liquids and solids
achalasia
27
treatment of achalasia
pneumatic balloon dilatation heller myomectomy
28
investigation of ahcalsia
oesophageal manometry
29
h.pylori type of bug e.g gram stain
gram neg curvillinear rod
30
screening test for latent TB
mantoux test
31
diagnosis of TB including first line and gold standard
CXR Sputum smear (i.i zheils neelsen) - need 3 Sputum culture - gold standard
32
prophylaxis of peripheral neuropathy in wilson adn with isonizaid
pyridoxine
33
retinopathy is hydroxychloroquine adn ethambutol
HCQ- bulls eye retinooathy ethambutol - opttic neurtitis
34
tb drugs and side effects
rifampicin - orange secretions , hepatitis isonizaid- periph neuro pyrazinamide 0 gout, arthralgia, heaptitis ethambutol- optic neuritis
35
where doe sTB reaction generally occur in lung
apex
36
treatemtn of latent TB
3 months of Rifampicin and isonizaid OR 6 month isonaizde
37
what is given in sus meningitis if in GP
IM Benpen
38
sign of raised ICP
focal neurological signs papilloedema continuous or uncontrolled seizures GCS ≤ 12
39
when should LP be delayed in meningitis
signs of sepsis or rash severe resp or cardio compromise significant bleeding risk signs of rasied ICP
40
management of suspected meningitis
IV access - bloods and culture LP IV ABX < 3 months: cefotaxime + amoxicillin (or ampicillin) 3 months - 50 years: cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone) > 50 years: cefotaxime (or ceftriaxone) + amoxicillin (or ampicillin) for adults IV dexamethasone - dont give if rash/septic or <3 months
41
when shoudl dexamethasone be avoided in meningitis
in septic shock, meningococcal septicaemia, or if immunocompromised
42
prophylaxis of meningitis who its given to
ciprofloxacin or rifampicin for close contacts in the previous 7 days
43
how is meningitis tested for if LP contraindicated
PCR
44
what is seen in diff type of LP in menigitis with regards to white cells
bacteria- polymorphs virla, Tb, fungi - lymphocytes
45
most common cause of bacterial meningits in over 60s
strep pneumonia

passmed notes (18 decks)

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