Frog Anatomy Lab

Question 1

mucus glands

Answer 1

hydration, predator evasion

Question 2

hedonic glands

Answer 2

part of reproduction for salamanders

Question 3

poison glands

Answer 3

all amphibians have them, larger

Question 4

parotoid glands

Answer 4

in some toads, release alarm substance

Question 5

ways to keep moist

Answer 5

pelvic capillaries for O2 uptake, cocoons of shed skin for desert toads, waxy secretion, nictitating membranes

Question 6

nectoral gland ??

Question 7

vocal sac types

Answer 7

median subgular, paired subgular, paired lateral

Question 8

air moving thru vocal sacs

Answer 8

closed nares, air from lungs crosses vocal cords and goes thru slits to sacs to resonate

Question 9

nutrition for caecilian babies

Answer 9

nutritive substance, moms skin

Question 10

salamander mating displays

Answer 10

dancing, biting, nudging, color display,, spermatophore left and then picked up by cloaca omg.

Question 11

gymnophiona

Answer 11

caecilians order

Question 12

urodela

Answer 12

salamander order

Question 13

anura

Answer 13

frog order

Question 14

fused bones in frogs + why?

Answer 14

frontoparietal, radio-ulna, tibiofibula, vertebrae, urostyle - for shock absorption

Question 15

columella

Answer 15

hearing structure that connects ossicles to tympanic membrane, derived from hyomandibula

Question 16

pectoral girdle types in frogs

Answer 16

arciferal - 2 overlapping halves (large shock absorption), firmisternal - fused, better for more calibrated jumps (more compact on the sides)

Question 17

tentacle foramen

Answer 17

skull process for sensory tentacle in caecilians

Question 18

skull types

Answer 18

zygokrotaphic - has arches behind orbits, stegokrophatic - no arches, no holes, no weak spots

Question 19

caecilians use . for closing jaws

Answer 19

retroarticular process

Question 20

plethodontids

Answer 20

direct developers, very distinct nasolabial grooves, lungless

Question 21

mental gland

Answer 21

gland under the mouth of some spp of male salamanders, used in reproduction.

Question 22

amplexus

Answer 22

frog grabbing positions for mating

Question 23

frog teeth

Answer 23

no mandibular teeth (except fanged frogs)

Question 24

frog eggs can be laid..

Answer 24

in water OR carried in mouth, on back, stomach, or a foam nest

Question 25

tadpole characteristics

Answer 25

cartilaginous skeleton, no lungs, jaw, or eyelids, front limbs come from operculum, back limbs start first.

Question 26

caecilian locomotion

Answer 26

fold and extend

Question 27

saltation

Answer 27

frog jumping

Question 28

urodela movement

Answer 28

oscillation while walking

Question 29

add fish anatomy cards

Question 30

skin structure (microscopic)

Answer 30

mucus glands (tiny, in top part), poison glands (larger, lower down), melanocytes are the tiny black dots.

Question 31

frog heart

Answer 31

conus arteriousus (L) enters, leaves thru sinus venosus (R)

Question 32

bulbus arteriosus

Answer 32

in front of fish heart

Question 33

back part of fish

Answer 33

dorsal: gonad, swim bladder (behind) = urinary bladder, ventral = intestine

Question 34

fish pancreas

Answer 34

below stomach

Question 35

pyloric cecum

Answer 35

below pancreas

Question 36

fish liver

Answer 36

very ventral,front