From Molecules to Organisms: Structures and Processes Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is the basic unit of life?
The cell.
What are the two main types of cells?
Prokaryotic (no nucleus) and eukaryotic (has nucleus).
What organelle is responsible for producing energy in cells?
Mitochondria.
What organelle is responsible for photosynthesis?
Chloroplast.
What is the function of the nucleus?
It stores DNA and controls the cell’s activities.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
It controls what enters and exits the cell.
What is the difference between diffusion and osmosis?
Diffusion=general movement of particles; osmosis=diffusion of water.
What is active transport?
Movement of substances using energy (ATP), often against a concentration gradient.
What is the difference between unicellular and multicellular organisms?
Unicellular=one cell; multicellular=many cells with specialized functions.
How do viruses differ from living organisms?
They are not made of cells and require a host to reproduce.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Protein synthesis.
What are the levels of organization in a multicellular organism?
Cell -> Tissue -> Organ -> Organ system -> Organism
What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction?
Sexual=genetic variation; asexual=clones.
What happens during mitosis?
A cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
What happens during meiosis?
A cell divides into four genetically unique gametes with half the chromosomes.
