FRUITS N PHOTOSYNTHESIS Flashcards
(123 cards)
1
Q
The process of manufacturing food in plants, mainly sugar, from carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll, utilizing light energy and releasing oxygen gas
A
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
2
Q
Essential factors in photosynthesis
A
- RAW MATERIALS
- ENERGY
- PIGMENTS
- TEMPERATURE
- CARRIER MOLECULES
- ENZYMES
3
Q
What gas is being released during photosynthesis?
A
OXYGEN GAS
4
Q
Product of photosynthesis
A
SUGAR/ GLUCOSE
5
Q
Types of raw materials
A
- CARBON DIOXIDE
- WATER (H20)
6
Q
Main source of light energy
A
SUN OR SOLAR ENERGY
- BUT ELECTRIC LIGHT CAN ALSO BE USED
7
Q
These wavelengths are mainly reflected from and transmitted through the leaves
A
YELLOW AND GREEN WAVELENGTHS
8
Q
Is any factor whose presence is required before a reaction proceeds
A
ESSENTIAL FACTORS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS
9
Q
From the atmosphere which diffuses into the intercellular spaces of the leaf through the stoma
A
CARBON DIOXIDE
10
Q
Absorbed from the environment by the cells; is transported to the leaves through the xylem
A
WATER
11
Q
It enables the plant to absorb light energy and to use the absorbed energy in the production of sugars
A
PIGMENTS
12
Q
Color of carotenes
A
YELLOW ORANGE PIGMENTS
13
Q
What color/s of light energy is/are effective?
A
RED AND BLUE WAVELENGTHS
14
Q
The process may be considered as one in which the solar energy is converted to _____ and stored in the form of _____
A
CHEMICAL ENERGY, CARBOHYDRATES
15
Q
What is the source of energy?
A
LIGHT ENERGY
16
Q
The pigment primarily involved in the photosynthesis
A
CHLOROPHYLL
17
Q
Color of xanthophyll
A
YELLOW PIGMENTS
18
Q
Example color of chlorophyll A and B
A
- A (BLUISH GREEN PIGMENT)
- B (YELLOWISH GREEN PIGMENT)
19
Q
The range of temperature for photosynthesis is from __ to __
A
FROM 5°C TO 40°C
20
Q
It speeds up the chemical reaction and is also present in chloroplasts
A
ENZYMES
21
Q
How many molecules of PGA is needed to be converted into hexose
A
12 MOLECULES OF PHOSPHOGLYCERIC ACID
22
Q
The principal end product in the majority of plants
A
6-CARBON SUGAR OR HEXOSE
23
Q
Materials produced during photosynthesis
A
- A 6-CARBON SUGAR OR HEXOSE
- PHOSPHOGLYCERIC ACID (PGA)
- OXALOACETIC ACID
24
Q
Meaning of NAPH
A
NICOTINAMIDE ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHATE HYDROGEN
25
A 4-carbon compound which is the first product formed in some plants termed the C4 plants as differentiated from the C3 plants
OXALOACETIC ACID
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A 3-carbon compound which is the first product formed
PHOSPHOGLYCERIC ACID (PGA)
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Reaction where chlorophyll becomes active
PHOTO ACTIVATION
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Light to chemical energy; release of O; product ATP and NAPH; thylakoid membrane
PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION
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Meaning of ATP
ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE
30
What do you call the reaction where CO2 is brought into the system of dark reaction?
CALVIN CYCLE
31
Step of photosynthesis where it involves the incorporation of CO2 into the final production
DARK REACTION
32
Overall photosynthetic reaction
6CO2 + 12H2O -> (LIGHT, PLANT ENZYMES) C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O
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Process in which ATP is formed from ADP
PHOTOPHOSPHORYLATION
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Essentially a water-splitting operation by means of which hydrogen is made available for the next step
LIGHT OR HILL REACTION
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Reaction where chlorophyll expels highly energized electron; becomes positively charged
PHOTO IONIZATION
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What do you call the method where ADP plus pyrophosphate forms ATP
OXIDATION PHOSPHORYLATION
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Steps of photosynthesis
- LIGHT OR HILL REACTION
- DARK REACTION
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Involves the absorption of light energy and the production of an energy-rich compound, ATP, a process called photophosphorylation
LIGHT OR HILL REACTION
39
It refers to a series of complex oxidation-reduction reactions whereby living cell obtain energy through the breakdown of organic material
RESPIRATION
40
In this process, therefore, chemical energy of food is transferred to the chemical energy of some compounds, usually ATP
RESPIRATION
41
Breaks down pyruvic acid to CO2 and H2
KREB'S CYCLE OR CITRIC ACID CYCLE
42
Process wherein the H atoms given off during the Kreb's cycle are passed along a series of compounds and energy is transferred to chemical bonds of pyrophosphate formed when ADP plus pyrophosphate forms ATP, and finally uniting with oxygen to form, the water of respiration
TERMINAL OXIDATION
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Anaerobic conversion of glucose to 2 pyruvic acid molecules
GLYCOLYSIS
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The innermost layer which usually surrounds the seeds
ENDOCARP
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Common method use in respiration
- GLYCOLYSIS
- KREB'S CYCLE OR CITRIC ACID CYCLE
- TERMINAL OXIDATION
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Respiration reaction
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP
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The ripened ovary of the flower
FRUITS
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The outermost layer of pericarp
EXOCARP
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Protects seeds, aid in their dissemination, and may be factor in timing their germination
FRUIT
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The fruit wall
PERICARP
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Fruit that develops without fertilization
PARTHENOCARPIC
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Layers of pericarp
- EXOCARP
- MESOCARP
- ENDOCARP
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Types of fruits based on consistency
- PERICARP DRY AND DEHISCENT
- PERICARP DRY AND INDEHISCENT
- PERICARP FLESHY
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The fleshy middle layer of pericarp
MESOCARP
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Types of fruits
- BASED ON THE ORIGIN
- BASED ON THE NUMBER OF OVARIES INVOLVED IN ITS FORMATION
- BASED ON CONSISTENCY
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Fruit the develops after fertilization
NORMAL FRUIT
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Fruit that develops from 1 ovary
SIMPLE FRUIT
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Fruit that develops from several ovary
COMPOUND FRUIT
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Type of compound fruit where it develops from the several ovaries of a single flower
AGGREGATE
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Examples of an aggregate fruit
- ATIS
- GUYABANO
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Type of compound fruit where it develops from several ovaries of a compact inflorescence
MULTIPLE (COLLECTIVE)
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Examples of multiple (collective) fruits
- LANGKA
- PINEAPPLE
- DURIAN
- RIMAS
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Type of pericarp dry and dehiscent where the fruit arises from a single carpel which at maturity splits along 2 sutures; with the shell, pericarp endorsing the seeds
LEGUME OR POD
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Examples of legume or pod fruits
- PEANUT
- SITAO
- BATAO
- PATANI
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Type of pericarp dry and dehiscent where the fruit develops from a single carpel and opens along 1 suture
FOLLICLE
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Examples of a follicle fruits
- CAMACHILLE
- KALACHUCHI
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Type of pericarp dry and dehiscent where the fruit derives from an ovary with 2 or more united carpels, each carpel producing few to many seeds and splits in various ways
CAPSULE
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Examples of a capsule fruit
- CASTOR OIL
- BANABA
- OKRA
- COTTON
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Type of pericarp dry and dehiscent where the fruit derives from a superior ovary consisting of 2 locule which at maturity separates into 3 portion with the seeds attached to the central persistent portion
SILIQUE
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Example of a silique fruit
MALUNGGAY
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Type of pericarp dry and indehiscent where the fruit is commonly called "seeds" but when the pericarp is broken, the seeds within is seen to be attached to the ovary wall at one point
ACHENE
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Type of achene fruit
- STRAWBERRY
- PINEAPPLE
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Type of pericarp dry and indehiscent where the fruit is also one seeded, but the pericarp and seed coat are firmly united
GRAIN (CARYOPSIS)
74
Examples of grain (caryopsis) fruit
- CORN
- RICE
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Type of pericarp dry and indehiscent where the fruit is may be one-seeded or two-seeded and has a wing-like outgrowth of the ovary wall
SAMARA
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Examples of a samara fruit
- NARRA
- MAPLE
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Type of pericarp dry and indehiscent where the fruit derived from 2 carpels which splits when mature, along the midline into 2 one-seeded indehiscent leaves
SCHIZOCARP
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Examples of a schizocarp fruits
- CARROT
- MUSTARD FAMILY
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Type of pericarp dry and indehiscent where the is one-seeded with a hard or stony pericarp commonly called the shell
NUT
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Examples of a nut fruit
- CASHEW NUT
- PISTACCHIO
- WALL NUT
- CHESTNUT
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Type of pericarp fleshy where the fruit is derived from a compound ovary, usually many seeds are embedded in a fleshy part which is both endocarp and mesocarp
BERRY
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Examples of a berry fruits
- EGGPLANT
- TOMATO
- GRAPES
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Type of pericarp fleshy where it is a type of berry, with a thick leathery rind with numerous glands which constitute the exocarp and mesocarp and a thick juicy portion of several wedge-shaped locules which are outgrowths from the endocarp
HESPERIDIUM
84
Examples of a hesperidium fruits
- ORANGE
- POMELO
- CALAMANSI
- DALANDAN
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Type of pericarp fleshy where it is a berry-like fruit with a hard rind derived from the fusion of the receptacle and the exocarp while the fleshy part of the fruit is principally mesocarp and endocarp
PEPO
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Examples of a pepo fruits
- CUCUMBER
- SQUASH
- WATERMELON
87
Type of pericarp fleshy where the fruit is derived from one carpel and is usually one-seeded, exocarp is thin, mesocarp maybe fleshy of fibrous and the endocarp is hard, consisting of thick-walled stone cells
DRUPE
88
Example of a drupe fruits
- PILI NUT
- COCONUT
- AVOCADO
- MANGO
89
Type of pericarp fleshy where the fruit is derived from an inferior ovary; the fleshy part is the enlarged floral tube and the core comes from the ovary
POME
90
Examples of a pome fruit
- APPLE
- PEAR
91
It is the loss of water in vapor form in a living plant
TRANSPIRATION
92
Process where the principal transpiring organs are the leaves
TRANSPIRATION
93
Transpiration may occur through the cuticle, but most of the water loss during the day are through the ___
STOMATA
94
Factors affecting transpiration rate
- ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS
- STRUCTURAL FACTORS PREVENTING WATER LOSS
95
Environmental factors
- ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY
- AIR MOVEMENTS
- AIR TEMPERATURE
- LIGHT INTENSITY
- SOIL CONDITION
96
Structural factors preventing water loss
- CUTICLE
- STOMATAL BARRIER
- SUNKEN STOMATA
- DISTRIBUTION OF STOMATA
- REDUCTION OF TRANSPIRING SURFACE
97
The drier the air above the plant, the greater is the transpiration rate
ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY
98
The more rapid the air movement, the faster is the rate of transpiration
AIR MOVEMENTS
99
The higher the temperature of air surrounding the leaf, the faster is the rate of transpiration
AIR TEMPERATURE
100
As light intensity increases, the transpiration rate also increases
LIGHT INTENSITY
101
Any soil condition that influences water absorption by the roots affects transpiration rate
SOIL CONDITIONS
102
The presence of a wax-like material, cutin in the cell wall and thickening of the outer wall of epidermal cells reduces transpiration
CUTICLE
103
When guard cells become turgid, the stomatal aperture widens, thus after a period of rapid transpiration, the stomata close reducing water loss
STOMATAL BARRIER
104
When stomata are below the level of the leaf surface, diffusion of water vapor is decreased
SUNKEN STOMATA
105
Loss of water is decreased if fewer stomata are located at the upper surface of the leaf
DISTRIBUTION OF STOMATA
106
Any decrease in leaf surface will decrease transpiration rate
REDUCTION OF TRANSPIRING SURFACE
107
The loss of liquid from the leaves of intact plants
GUTTATION
108
Occurs when water absorption is rapid but transpiration is low
GUTTATION
109
Specialized structures of guttation that are present at the tips, margins or surfaces of leaves through which water passes out
HYDATHODES
110
What is the liquid of guttation
DILUTED SALT SOLUTION
111
The structure that develops from the ovule after fertilization
SEED
112
Parts of a seed
- SEED COATS
- ENDOSPERM
- EMBRYO
113
The covering of a seed
SEED COAT
114
Seed coats are made up of ____ derived from the outer integument and the ____ from the inner integument
TESTA, TEGMEN
115
Associated with seed coats are
- HILUM
- MICROPYLE
- RAPHE
116
Scar on the seed coat
HILUM
117
Small opening near the hilum
MICROPYLE
118
Ridge located on the testa
RAPHE
119
Derives from the primary endosperm cell and contains the stored food of the seed
ENDOSPERM
120
Parts of embryo
- COTYLEDON
- EPICOTYL
- HYPOCOTYL
121
Part of the embryo below the point of attachment of the cotyledons; its growing tip, the radicle give rise to the primary root
HYPOCOTYL
122
One or two seeded leaves
COTYLEDON
123
Part of the embryo above the point of attachment of the cotyledons; it growing tip, the plumule, constitutes the first bud
EPICOTYL
