STEM n LEAVES Flashcards
(89 cards)
1
Q
Generally expanded and flattened green structure growing out at the nodes of the stem
A
LEAVES
2
Q
Main organ of the for photosynthesis
A
LEAVES
3
Q
Parts of dicot leaf
A
- Petiole or leaf stalk
- Lamina or leaf blade
4
Q
Cylindrical or flattened structure which supports and holds the leaf upright
A
PETIOLE OR LEAF STALK
5
Q
Conducts materials to and from the leaves
A
PETIOLE OR LEAF STALK
6
Q
Small, leaf-like outgrowths at the base of petiole is called
A
STIPULES
7
Q
Leaves without petioles is called
A
SESSILE LEAVES
8
Q
Thin, flattened, usually green expanded part of the leaf
A
LAMINA OR LEAF BLADE
9
Q
Shapes of a dicot leaf
A
- Linear - long and slender
- Cordate - heart-shaped
- Ovate - egg-shaped
- Deltoid - triangular
- Reinform - kidney-shaped
- Cuneate - wedge-like
- Flabellate - fan-like
- Orbicular - disk-like
10
Q
Apex of a dicot leaf
A
- Pointed
- Emarginate - notched
- Rounded - arch-like
- Caudate - tail-like
- Flattened
11
Q
Margin of a dicot leaf
A
- Entire
- Dentate - tooted and serrated
- Lobed
- Scalloped
- Cleft
12
Q
Base of a dicot leaf
A
- Sagitate - arrow-shaped
- Auriculate - ear lobed-shaped
- Peltate - petiole is attached at undersurface
- Rounded - arch-like
- Truncate - flattened
- Cordate - heart-shaped
13
Q
Parts of monocot leaf
A
- Leaf sheath
- Leaf blade
- Ligules
- Auricles
14
Q
The support of the leaf which may completely envelope the stem of a small flap of delicate
tissue extending upward called the ligule.
A
LEAF SHEATH
15
Q
Thin expanded portion above the sheath
A
LEAF BLADE
16
Q
Are membranous or hairy tissues located at the junction of the leaf blade and leaf sheath
A
LIGULES
17
Q
Are slender extensions of the collar and are located at the junction of the leaf blade and leaf sheath.
A
AURICLES
18
Q
Variation in leaf structure
A
- Leaf blade configuration
- Venation
- Phyllotaxy
19
Q
The blade consists of only one
piece
A
SIMPLE LEAF
20
Q
Another type of leaf blade configuration
A
Compound leaf
21
Q
The blade is divided into two segments called
A
LEAFLETS OR PINNAE
22
Q
The stalk of each leaflet is called
A
PETIOLULE
23
Q
Two types of compound leaf
A
- Pinnately compound leaf
- Palmately compound leaf
24
Q
The leaflets are attached to the extension of the petiole called rachis
A
PINNATELY COMPOUND LEAF
25
The leaflets are attached to the extension of the petiole called ___
RACHIS
26
The leaflets radiate from the upper end or tip of the leafstalk
PALMATELY COMPOUND LEAF
27
It is the arrangement of veins
Venation
28
Two types of venation
1. Netted or reticulate venation
2. Parallel venation
29
Veins branch profusely and form a network over the blade; found in dicots
Netted or reticulate venation
30
Veins do not form a network;
found in monocots
Parallel venation
31
Veins and their branches spread out in all directions from the midrib, the continuation of petiole
Pinnately netted
32
Several midribs arise from the tip of the petiole and spread fan-like through the blade
Palmately netted
33
Several midribs arise from the tip of the petiole like the ribs or spokes of an umbrella and then breaks up into smaller veins; found in leaves where petiole is more or less at the center of
the blade
Radiately netted
34
Three types of netted or reticulate venation
1. Pinnately netted
2. Palmately netted
3. Radiately netted
35
Two types of parallel venation
1. Parallel venation with veins parallel to the midrib
2. Parallel venation with veins at acute or right angles to the midrib
36
The system of leaf arrangement on the stem
Phyllotaxy
37
Two types of phyllotaxy
1. Whorled (verticillate)
2. Fasciculate
38
A leaf arrangement where three or more leaves located at around the node
Whorled (verticillate)
39
A leaf arrangement where two or more leaves are located only on one side of the node
Fasciculate
40
Types of position in leaf orientation
1. Dorsiventral or bifacial leaves
2. Isobilateral or equifacial leaves
41
A position of leaf where leaves are horizontally oriented and the upper or ad-axial surface receiving direct sunlight
Dorsiventral or bifacial leaves
42
A position of leaves where leaves are vertically oriented and the two surfaces are receiving direct sunlight
Isobilateral or equifacial
43
Functions of the leaves
1. Photosynthesis
2. Transpiration
44
Types of modified leaves
1. Spine
2. Motile leaves
3. Succulent leaves
4. Tendrils
5. Supporting leaf bases "pseudotrunk"
6. Insect traps
7. Adventitious buds
8. Attraction of pollinators
9. Aeration
10. Photosynthesis
45
No blade and needle-shaped, no mesophyll, no vascular tissue, has closely packed fibers in mesophyll
Spines
46
Display “thigmonasty” sensitivity to touch, for protection
Motile leaves
47
A tropic response to touch
Thigmotropic response
48
Thick and fleshy, reduced surface-volume-ratio; with water storage parenchyma; Crassulaceae, kataka taka
Succulent leaves
49
Sensing contact with other objects, no lamina, support; side facing the object stop growing, otherside elongate--- coil
Tendrils
50
For support
Supporting leaf bases "pseudotrunk"
51
Digest insects and obtain nitrogen for their amino acid
Insect traps
52
Produce plantlets
Adventitious buds
53
Colored leaves for attraction
Attraction of pollinators
54
Floats – aerenchymatous leaf base for buoyancy,
support
Water hyacinth – aerenchymatous enlarged leaf base
Aeration
55
Two types of aeration
1. Floats – aerenchymatous leaf base for buoyancy,
support
2. Water hyacinth – aerenchymatous enlarged leaf base
56
Expanded leaf-like petiole or stipule – added
photosynthesis
Photosynthesis
57
Economic importance of leaves
1. Food source
2. Fiber source
3. Tea leaves
4. Tobacco leaves
5. Some drugs obtained from leaves
6. Used as flavoring
58
Types of stem
1. Shoot
2. Twig
3. Branch
4. Trunk
59
Are plant organs which are continuations of the roots usually located above the surface of the soil
STEM
60
A young stem (1 year old or less) with leaves
SHOOT
61
A young stem (1 year old or
less) that is in the dormant winter stage (has no
leaves).
TWIG
62
A stem that is more than
1 year old, typically with
lateral stems radiating from it
BRANCH
63
A woody plant’s main stem.
TRUNK
64
The stem with its leaves is called a _____ and all the stems and
leaves of a plant constitutes its
_____.
Shoot, shoot system
65
Stems originate from the _____ and partly from the _____ of the embryo.
Epicotyl, hypocotyl
66
Classifications of stems (DIAGRAM)
DIAGRAM
67
Two types of stem classification based on toughness
1. Woody stem
2. Herbaceous stem
68
What do you call the stems that are woody only at the base
Suffrutescent stems
69
External structures
1. Nodes
2. Internodes
3. Leaf scar
4. Bundle scars
5. Lenticels
6. Buds
70
Swollen areas where leaves, branches and buds arise
Nodes
71
Portion between two nodes
Internodes
72
Mark left on the stem by a
fallen leaf
Leaf scar
73
Cut ends of the vascular bundles within each leaf scar
Bundle scars
74
Raised pores seen on dicot stems
Lenticels
75
Undeveloped structures which may grow into leaves, shoots, or
flowers
Buds
76
Types of buds based on location and position of the stem
1. Terminal or apical bud - at the end of the stem
2. Lateral or axillary bud - at the upper angle
3. Accessory or supernumery buds - beside and above the axillary buds
4. Adventitious buds - on other parts of the plants such as leaves, roots or internodes
77
Two classification of stems based on location
1. Aerial stems (Epiterranean stems)
2. Underground stems
78
What do you call the stem where the leaf stalk formed the lateral or axillary bud
Leaf axil
79
Two types of aerial stems
1. Runners (stolon)
2. Tendrils (scramblers)
80
Fleshy or semiwoody, elongated, horizontal stems that often lie along the soil surface
Runners (stolon)
81
These are thread like structure
which help the plants in
climbing
Tendrils (scramblers)
82
Types of underground stems
1. Rhizomes
2. Tubers
3. Bulbs
4. Corm
83
Underground, horizontal stem which may be swollen due
to the presence of stored food
Rhizomes
84
Short, swollen, terminal portions of an underground stems with the stored food
TUBERS
85
Very small piece of the stem
tissue surrounded by numerous
fleshy leaves
Bulbs
86
Globose, underground stem
with thin, papery leaves on its surface
Corm
87
Modified or specialized functions of stems:
1. Unusual method of support
2. Photosynthesis
3. Uncutinized epidermis
4. Reproduction
5. Storage
6. Protection
88
Stems that are found in both monocot and dicot plants
Herbaceous stems
89
Stems that are found only in dicot plants
Woody stems
