PBOT POST LAB Flashcards
(130 cards)
1
Q
It is a collection of similar cells performing an organized function for the plant
A
PLANT TISSUES
2
Q
Two types of plant tissues
A
- MERISTEMATIC TISSUE
- PERMANENT TISSUE
3
Q
A group of cells that perform or help to perform a common function and have a common origin in plants
A
PLANT TISSUES
4
Q
Types of meristematic tissues
A
- APICAL MERISTEM
- LATERAL MERISTEM
- INTERCALARY MERISTEM
5
Q
Meristematic plant tissue that is involved in length
A
APICAL MERISTEM
6
Q
Meristematic plant tissue involved in the diameter of plant
A
LATERAL MERISTEM
7
Q
Meristematic plant tissue involved in the rapid growth of young stem
A
INTERCALARY MERISTEM
8
Q
Types of permanent plant tissues
A
- DERMAL TISSUES
- GROUND TISSUES
- VASCULAR TISSUES
9
Q
Acts as protection, gas control, and water absorption
A
DERMAL TISSUES
10
Q
Has different function based on cell type
A
GROUND TISSUES
11
Q
It transport water and nutrients
A
VASCULAR TISSUES
12
Q
Types of dermal tissues
A
- EPIDERMAL (protection, absorbs water and minerals)
- STOMATA (GUARD CELLS) (gas exchange)
- TRICHOMES (reduce transpiration)
13
Q
Types of ground tissues
A
- PARENCHYMA (aids in photosynthesis, storage in the roots)
- COLLENCHYMA (shoot support (active))
- SCLERENCHYMA (shoot support (ceased))
14
Q
Types of vascular tissues
A
- XYLEM (transport water and nutrients)
- PHLOEM (transport organic compounds)
15
Q
Simple permanent tissues
A
- EPIDERMIS
- PARENCHYMA
- COLLENCHYMA
- SCLERENCHYMA
- CORK
- SECRETORY TISSUES
16
Q
Tissues that are concerned with the secretion of gums, resins, volatile oils, nectar latex, and other substances in plants
A
SECRETORY TISSUES
17
Q
Characterized by cells that are THICK-WALLED CELLS
A
SCHLERENCHYMA
18
Q
Types of sclerenchyma
A
- SCLEREIDS
- FIBERS
19
Q
It serves as the outermost covering of old stems and old roots of woody dicot plants
A
CORK
20
Q
Type of cork
A
SUBERIN
21
Q
These are the most abundant of all the cell types found in almost all major parts of higher plants
A
PARENCHYMA
22
Q
Types of parenchyma
A
- AERENCHYMA
- CHLORENCHYMA
23
Q
This is the OUTERMOST LAYER of cells found in all young plant organs
A
EPIDERMIS
24
Q
These are elongated cells with irregularly THICK CELL WALLS that provide support and structure
A
COLLENCHYMA
25
Complex permanent tissues
- XYLEM
- PHLOEM
26
Types of xylem complex permanent tissues
- XYLEM FIBERS
- XYLEM PARENCHYMA
- VESSELS
- TRACHEIDS
27
These are long tubes made up of individual cells that are open at each end and are joined end to end to form the tubes
VESSELS
28
More or less elongated cells with oblique and tapering end walls
TRACHEIDS
29
They are angular in cross-section and are dead at maturity
TRACHEIDS
30
These are smaller in size than ordinary parenchyma cells
XYELM PARENCHYMA
31
Similar in appearance to ordinary sclerenchyma fibers
XYLEM FIBERS
32
Tracheids and vessel elements make up the so-called ______ of the xylem
TRACHEARY ELEMENTS
33
Tracheary elements of the xylem
- SPIRAL
- SCALIFORM
- PITTED TYPE
- RETICULATE
- ANNULAR
34
Helical or spiral appearance
SPIRAL
35
With rounded depressions or pore-like structures called pits
PITTED TYPE
36
Thickenings appear webbed or net-like
RETICULATE
37
Thickening appear ladder-like
SCALIFORM
38
Cell wall thickenings in ring like forms
ANNULAR
39
Types of phloem complex permanent tissues
- COMPANION CELLS
- PHLOEM FIBERS
- PHLOEM PARENCHYMA
- SIEVE TUBE ELEMENTS
40
Elongated cells joined end to end, forming sieve tubes
SIEVE TUBE ELEMENTS
41
Look like ordinary parenchyma cells
PHLOEM PARENCHYMA
42
Small, nucleated parenchymatous cells that are usually associated with some sieve tubes
COMPANION CELLS
43
Look like ordinary sclerenchyma fibers
PHLOEM FIBERS
44
What do you call the small pores found on the end walls or cross walled of the sieve tube
SIEVE PLATES
45
The loss of water from plants in the form of water vapor
TRANSPIRATION
46
Percentage of the amount of water vapor may escape from the leaves through transpiration
90%
47
They are very diverse in appearance and function in stress resistance, including excessive light or temperature, and insect and pathogen defense
TRICHOMES
48
They are usually shaped as hair-like structures, but can also appear as scales, buds or papillae and range from very small unicellular to very big multicellular structures
TRICHOMES
49
Types of trichomes
- GLANDULAR
- BRANCHED
- STELLATE
- STINGING
- SCALE
50
Type of trichome which primarily used by plant as defense against herbivore animals
STELLATE
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Type of trichome which primarily used by plants as protection from harsh environment
SCALE
52
Type of trichome which inject substances that cause pain or irritation
STINGING
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Type of trichome which primarily used by plants as protection from insects and microbes
GLANDULAR
54
Type of trichome which reduce evaporation by protecting the plant from wind and heat
BRANCHED
55
They often perform functions other than support and absorption
ROOTS
56
Types of roots based on origin
- PRIMARY ROOT
- SECONDARY ROOT
- TERTIARY ROOT
- ADVENTITIOUS ROOT
57
Types of root system
- TAP ROOT SYSTEM
- FIBROUS OR DIFFUSE ROOT SYSTEM
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Type of root system where it consists of several main roots that branch to form a dense mass of intermeshed lateral roots
FIBROUS OR DIFFUSE ROOT SYSTEM
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Type of root system where it consists of one main stem which arises lateral roots
TAP ROOT SYSTEM
60
Are located close to the surface and have a dense network of roots
FIBROUS OR DIFFUSE ROOT SYSTEM
61
Root histology
- EPIDERMIS
- CORTEX
- PERICYCLE
- STELE
62
Can divide fast at certain points to give way to the lateral or branch root
PERICYLCE
63
The endodermis selectively absorbs the nutrients from the soil solution
CORTEX
64
The vascular tissues consisting of xylem and phloem
STELE
65
The chief structure for the absorption of water and minerals
EPIDERMIS
66
Forms of roots
- FIBROUS
- NODOSE
- MONOLIFORM
- CONICAL
- FUSIFORM
- NAPIFORM
- FASCICLED
67
Form of root when the fleshy root is widest at the base and tapering at the apex
CONICAL
68
Example of conical
CARROT
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Form of root which the roots are fibrous but with small swellings at interval
NODOSE
70
Example of nodose
KINCHAY
71
Form of root which are slender or fiber-like
FIBROUS
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Example of fibrous
CORN
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Form of root which have swellings at close intervals
MONOLIFORM
74
Example of monoliform
IPECAC
75
Form of root which the diameter is widest at the middle and narrows at both ends
FUSIFORM
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Example of fusiform
RADISH
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Form of root which are globular and become abruptly slender
NAPIFORM
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Example of napiform
CAMOTE
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Form of root which the fleshy roots grow in a bundle or close cluster
FASCICLED
80
Example of fascicled
DAHLIA
81
Roots that grow into the air and are filled with a specialized parenchyma called aerenchyma
PNEUMATOPHORES
82
What specialized parenchyma pneumatophores has?
AERENCHYMA
83
Root adaptation
- BULBOUS ROOTS
- AERIAL ROOTS and PROP ROOTS
- TAP ROOT
- EPIPHYTIC ROOTS
84
Root adaptation which store starch
BULBOUS ROOTS
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Root adaptation which enable a plant to grow on another plant
EPIPHYTIC ROOTS
86
Root adaptation such as carrots, turnips, and beets, are adapted for food storage
TAP ROOTS
87
Root adaptation which are two forms of above-ground roots that provide additional support to anchor the plant
AERIAL ROOTS and PROP ROOTS
88
Specialized function of roots
- SUPPORT
- STORAGE
- PHOTOSYNTHESIS
- NITROGEN FIXATION
- AERATION
89
Aerial roots arising from main stem which penetrates the ground
BRACE ROOTS
90
Examples of brace roots
- FIVE FINGERS
- RUBBER TREE
91
Plant-like extensions from the lower part of the stem
BUTTRESSES
92
Example of buttresses
GIANT TREES
93
Aerial roots arising from the branches which penetrates the ground
PROP ROOTS
94
Examples of prop roots
- PANDAN
- CORN
95
Green aerial roots
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
96
Example of photosynthesis
ORCHIDS
97
Enlarged, fleshy, or succulent roots
FOOD STORAGE
98
Examples of food storage
RADISH, SWEET POTATO, TURNIPS, UBE AND BEETS
99
With pneumatophores or roots with spongy tissues protruding from the surface of soil
AERATION
100
Examples of aeration
MANGROVE
101
Formation of root nodules containing bacteria in their cells
NITROGEN FIXATION
102
Examples of nitrogen fixation
SOYBEANS,PEANUTS, SITAW, BATAW, PATANI
103
Development of adventitious buds
REPRODUCTION
104
Example of reproduction
PURPLE YAM
105
External morphology of the stem
- NODE
- INTERNODE
- BUD (terminal bud, axillary bud)
- STIPULES
- LEAF SCAR
- BUNDLE SCARS
- LENTICELS
106
It occurs in the angle between the petiole and the stem
BUD
107
Types of bud
- TERMINAL BUD
- AXILLARY BUD
108
Bud located in the axil
AXILLARY BUD
109
Bud often present at the tip of each twig
TERMINAL BUD
110
The area or region where leaves are attached
NODE
111
The dark spots or elevation that allow gas exchange in the stem
LENTICELS
112
The area or region between nodes
INTERNODES
113
Mark the location of the water-conducting tissues located within the leaf scars
BUNDLE SCARS
114
Paired leaf-like appendages at the base of petiole
STIPULES
115
Scar left by a fallen leaf
LEAF SCAR
116
Specialized stems
- RHIZOME
- TUBERS
- BULBS
- CORM
117
Large bulbs with a small stem at the lower end surrounded by several fleshy leaves
BULBS
118
An underground stem which is short, stout, solid, and more or less rounded in shape
CORM
119
A horizontal stem which grows near the surface of the soil
RHIZOME
120
Enlarged ends of special underground branches
TUBERS
121
Sub-aerial stem modifications
- RUNNER
- STOLON
- OFFSET
- SUCKER
- TENDRILS
- SPINES and THORNS
- CLADOPHYLLS
- PHYLLOCLADE
122
A slender prostate branch with long or short internodes, creeping on the ground and rooting at the nodes
RUNNERS
123
A lateral branch developing from the underground part of the stem
SUCKER
124
It originates in the axil of a leaf as a short, more or less thickened horizontal branch
OFFSET
125
A slender branch originating from an underground stem and growing horizontally outwards
STOLON
126
Some stems may be modifies into hard, straight, pointed structures
SPINES AND THORNS
127
Thin, leafless, spirally curved branch by which climbers attach themselves to other objects
TENDRILS
128
Stem are flattened and leaf like in appearance
CLADOPHYLL
129
Stems are flattened, stout and fleshy and are modifies for water and food storage
PHYLLOCLADE
130
Functions of stems
- MECHANICAL SUPPORT FOR LEAVES AND OTHER PLANT ORGANS
- CONDUCT WATER, MINERAL SALTS, AND MANUFACTURED FOOD
- PRODUCES NEW LIVING TISSUES
