FSOT Master 1 Flashcards

Question

Abolutionism

Answer 1

The belief that slavery should be abolished immediately without compensation. Important factor leading to the Civil War

Answer 2

(WJC) although 20th anniversay of Roe v. Wade said constitutional right to abortion against abortion by signing memoranda

Answer 3

Initially Senator from Illinois, rose to prominence through Lincoln Douglas Debates, led Union during Civil War, issued Emanciptation Proclamation, Gettysburg Address and Homestead Act. Killed after the war.

Answer 4

(JMon) Jackson gets Spain, praised by Adams and Monroe, not by Senate or House

Answer 5

A group of judges that was appointed by John Adams the night before he left office. He appointed them to go to the federal courts to have a long term federalist influence, because judges serve for life instead of limited terms

Answer 6

(WW) , 1916; established an 8-hour work day for all employees on trains in interstate commerce, with extra pay for overtime

Answer 7

The negotiated sale of Spain's territories in eastern and western Florida to the U. S. for $5 million.

Answer 8

Reversed Muller v. Oregon, declared laws to protect women workers were unconstitutional. (1923)

Answer 9

Ambassador to UN during Cuban Missile Crisis.

Answer 10

ran against Eisenhower, , The Democratic candidate who ran against Eisenhower in 1952. His intellectual speeches earned him and his supporters the term "eggheads". Lost to Eisenhower.

Answer 11

Commander of US fleet during WWII.

Answer 12

(WJC) UN wanted to inspect Iraq for weapons, so imposed economic santions, France, China and Russia oppose (since they had contracts with Iraq), then eventually UK and US considered ending sanctions, and Saddam ordered UN out of Iraq

Answer 13

(RN), 1973, when Nixon replaced American forces in Vietnam with South Vietnam, withdrawal caused hostilities between North and South in which as a result, all of Vietnam became Socialist Republic of Vietnam. (1976)

Answer 14

(FDR) 1933 and 1938 , Helped farmers meet mortgages. Unconstitutional because the government was paying the farmers to waste 1/3 of their products. Created by Congress in 1933 as part of the New Deal this agency attempted to restrict agricultural production by paying farmers subsidies to take land out of production.

Answer 15

(GB1) civil war, UN peacekeeping mission, US forces limited humanitarian, Bush Adminstration rejected disarm warrin factiosn and pressed for negotiations, later turned over control to UN, results, back to fighting

Answer 16

Mob leader in 1920s. Sent to prison for income tax evasion.

Answer 17

Starred in the first "talkie" movie with sounds called "The Jazz Singer."

Answer 18

*1869-1872, Seward negotiates with England on recovering damages from Civil War, Treaty of Washington 1871, solved dispute over fisheries, boundaries, and Alabama

Answer 19

Where a group of Americans made a heroic stand against a much larger Mexican force. Their massacre became a rallying cry for eventual Texan independence.

Answer 20

(JEC) total area of national park doubled

Answer 21

A conference in the summer of 1754. It advocated a union of the British colonies for their security and defense against French. Held by the British Board of Trade to help cement the loyalty of the Iroquois League. After receiving presents, provisions and promises of Redress of grievances. 150 representatives if tribes withdrew without committing themselves to the British cause.

Answer 22

Benjamin Franklin submitted the Albany Plan during the Fr. and Ind. War on 1754 gathering of colonial delegates in Albany, New York. The plan called for the colonies to unify in the face of French and Native American threats. The delegates approved the plan, but the colonies rejected it for fear of losing too much power. The Crown did not support the plan either, as it was wary of too much cooperation between the colonies.

Answer 23

Helped write the Federalist Papers - A leading Federalist, he supported industry and strong central government. He created the National Bank and managed to pay off the U.S.'s early debts through tariffs and the excise tax on whiskey. - His programs were designed to pay off the U.S.'s war debts and stabilize the economy; he believed that the United States should become a leading international commercial power. His programs included the creation of the National Bank, the establishment of the U.S.'s credit rate, increased tariffs, and an excise tax on whiskey. Also, he insisted that the federal government assume debts incurred by the states during the war.

Answer 24

French historian whose book Democracy in Amerca was the first impartial study of institutions in the new nation.

Answer 25

Ran against FDR in the 1936 election. He was weak on the radio and weaker in personal compaigning, and while he criticized FDR's spending, he also favored enough of FDR's New Deal to be ridiculed by the Democrats as an unsure idiot.

Answer 26

In 1890, he wrote The Influence of Sea Power upon History. He was a proponent of building a large navy. He said that a new, modern navy was necessary to protect the international trade America depended on and that control of the sea as the key to world. - Created a race among the great powers (English, Germans, and Japanese) for unclaimed land.

Answer 27

(TR) alliance (germany, austria, and italy),1906- settled the First Moroccan Crisis- started with Germany wanting an international conference on the Moroccan question of who gets what- Germany left with nothing and was further isolated- result of conference was that Britain, France, Russia, and the US began to see Germany as a potential threat that might seek to dominate all Europe- Germany began to see sinister plots to "encircle" Germany and prevent their development as a world power

Answer 28

State Department official convicted of being a secret agent for the Soviet Union, based largely on the accusation of a communist. Congressman Nixon became known nationwide due to his involvement with the investigation.

Answer 29

A suffragette who believed that giving women the right to vote would eliminate the corruption in politics.

Answer 30

Laws aimed at restricting the public activities of political radicals who sympathized with the French Revolution and criticized Adam's Federalist policies. They provoked the Virgina and Kentucky Resolutions by Madison and Jefferson asserting State's rights.

Answer 31

AKA - Smith Act of 1940 made it a criminal offense for anyone to conspire to overthrow the government. It also required all non-citizen adult residents to register with the government. The Act is best known for its use against political organizations and figures, mostly on the left. A series of United States Supreme Court decisions in 1957 threw out numerous convictions under the Smith Act as unconstitutional.

Answer 32

(JFK) 1961,, a program in which the United States tried to help Latin American countries overcome poverty and other problems, money used to aid big business and the military

Answer 33

First women piolot to cross tha Atlantic Ocean.

Answer 34

Formed in 1844, a major abolitionist movement in the North.

Answer 35

Formed in 1817, it purchased a tract of land in Liberia and returned free Blacks to Africa.

Answer 36

(WW), The Us forces led by General John Pershing who fought with the allies in Europe during WW1

Answer 37

An American labor union representing over 600,000 employees of the federal government. (State and municipal employees are represented by other unions, most notably the American Federation of State, County and Municipal Employees (AFSCME) and the Service Employees International Union (SEIU). It is a member of the AFL-CIO. Its current president is John Gage (labor leader).

Answer 38

(GC2) , Samuel Gompers, a union for skilled laborers that fought for worker rights in a non-violent way. It provided skilled laborers with a union that was unified, large, and strong.

Answer 39

Founded in 1932, is currently the second- or third-largest labor union in the United States and one of the fastest-growing, representing over 1.4 million employees, primarily in local government and in the health care industry. Employees at the federal level are represented by other unions, such as the American Federation of Government Employees, with which AFSCME was once affiliated.

Answer 40

Political organization that was created after the election of 1852 by the Know-Nothings, was organized to oppose the great wave of immigrants who entered the United States after 1846

Answer 41

A Nativist group of the 1890s which opposed all immigration to the U.S.

Answer 42

Founded by Eugene V. Debs.

Answer 43

1824 (JMon), Henry Clay, response to Tariff of 1824, program proposed by Henry Clay and others to foster national economic growth and interdependence among the geographical sections. It included a protective tariff, a national bank, and internal improvements.

Answer 44

(AJ) , 1836, It united temperance groups and distributed tracts warning against strong drink

Answer 45

Pardoned many of the rebels and allowed them to reenter public acts. (1872)

Answer 46

(RN), first major attempt to re establish adequate railroad passenger service

Answer 47

Built a steel mill empire; US STEEL. Philantropist

Answer 48

1829-1837, (King Andrew, Old Hickory) Democrat, issue = 2nd Bank of America (Jackson and Clay), Whig Party emerged

Answer 49

Jackson took military control of Spanish Florida, which encouraged the treaty with Spain 1819.

Answer 50

Became president when Lincoln was assassinated. Later impeached for illegally dismissin a government official.

Answer 51

Originally planning to discuss the promotion of interstate commerce, delegates from five states met at Annapolis in September 1786 and ended up suggesting a convention to amend the Articles of Confederation

Answer 52

Anne Hutchinson was a dissenter in the Massachusetts Bay Colony who caused a schism in the Puritan community. Eventually, Hutchinson's faction lost out in a power struggle for the governorship. She was expelled from the colony in 1673 and traveled southward with a number of her followers, establishing the settlement of Portsmouth, Rhode Island

Answer 53

A performer in wild west shows around the turn of the century.

Answer 54

Term used for objects originating before the Civil War

Answer 55

Large strike by coal miners led by Miner's Union president George F. Baer

Answer 56

(LBJ) 1964, his act of war on poverty

Answer 57

(AL), 1862, the first major battle in the American Civil War to take place on Northern soil. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with almost 23,000 casualties. After this "win" for the North, Lincoln announced the Emancipation Proclamation

Answer 58

Anti-Federalists rose up as the opponents of the Constitution during the period of ratification. They opposed the Constitution's powerful centralized government, arguing that the Constitution gave too much political, economic, and military control. They instead advocated a decentralized governmental structure that granted most power to the states

Answer 59

A league containing anti-imperialist groups; it was never strong due to differences on domestic issues. Isolationists. They fought against the McKinley administration's expansionist moves.

Answer 60

Party that spoke against the famous secret society of the Masons, but was also considered to be very anti-Jackson. Followers often sought moral and religious reform.

Answer 61

National organization set up in 1895 to work for prohibition. Later joined with the WCTU to publicize the effects of drinking.

Answer 62

Native Americans in SW

Answer 63

First human landing on moon.

Answer 64

(AL) 1864, , This was the last battle of the Civil War that ended in a Union victory.It ended the war. Grant defeats Lee

Answer 65

Where General Lee surrendered to General Grant ending the Civil War

Answer 66

(GB1) Israel and Arab Nations peace talks, in 1993 Oslo, Norway, PLO (arafat) promise peace with Israel (rabin), israel offer west bank on condition that Arafat commitment to losing side in Gulf war, extremists opposed peace, el-Sadat assassinated, Rabin killed

Answer 67

His assassination sparked numerous alliances that led to WWI.

Answer 68

Maine lumberjacks camped along the Aroostook River in Maine in 1839 tried to oust Canadian rivals. Militia were called in from both sides until the Webster Ashburn Treaty was signed. Took place in disputed territory.

Answer 69

Part of the Treaty of Versaille that created the League of Nations

Answer 70

Adopted in 1777 during the Revolutionary War, the Articles established the United States of America. The Articles granted limited powers to the central government, reserving most powers for the states. The result was a poorly defined national state that couldn't govern the country's finances or maintain stability. The Constitution replaced them in 1789

Answer 71

A document produced by the Continental Congress in 1775 that called for a complete boycott of British goods.

Answer 72

Hamilton's idea that the federal government would assume all state debts.

Answer 73

(GW) Plan by Hamilton meant to tie the states more securely to fed gov; states pay debt, created huge national debt, assumption bill. logrolling - one support another

Answer 74

Major speech on race-relations given by Booker T. Washington addressing black labor opportunities, and the peril of whites ignoring black injustice

Answer 75

product of a secret by FDR and Churchill; discussed post war aims and goals; advocated self determination of peoples

Answer 76

In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon, a Virginia planter, led a group of 300 settlers in a war against the local Native Americans. When Virginia's royal governor questioned Bacon's actions, Bacon and his men looted and burned Jamestown. Bacon's Rebellion manifested the increasing hostility between the poor and wealthy in the Chesapeake region.

Answer 77

(LBJ) 1962 Baker v. Carr, case decided in 1962 by the U.S. Supreme Court. Tennessee had failed to reapportion the state legislature for 60 years despite population growth and redistribution. Charles Baker, a voter, brought suit against the state (Joe Carr was a state official in charge of elections) in federal district court, claiming that the dilution of his vote as a result of the state's failure to reapportion violated the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution. The court dismissed the complaint on the grounds that it could not decide a political question. Baker appealed to the Supreme Court, which ruled that a case raising a political issue would be heard. This landmark decision opened the way for numerous suits on legislative apportionment.

Answer 78

Major decision in which the court upheld the general principle of Affirmative Action.

Answer 79

The first battle of the Civil War, which the North lost.

Answer 80

Taft lost popularity when he supported Ballinger, who bended the government's environmental policies.

Answer 81

(FDR) 1933, 1935 , AKA (Steagall Act) June 16. Separated commercial from investment banksing (recently overturned), established FDIC*** (Federal Deposit Insurance Corp) which guarantees deposits.

Answer 82

Plundering pirates off the Mediterranean coast of Africa; President Thomas Jefferson's refusal to pay them tribute to protect American ships sparked an undeclared naval war with North African nations

Answer 83

Leading spokesman for American conservatism. Lost to Johnson in 1964.

Answer 84

American troops were treated with vicious cruelty in the 80-mile Bataan Death March to prisoner-of-war camps.

Answer 85

(FDR) 1940, German air forces invaded Britain but the British Royal Air Force drove them out with the help of the new invention radar that let them know where the German planes were

Answer 86

The first great battle of the Revolutionary War.

Answer 87

Major battle in Civil War. South won. Stonewall Jackson accidentally shot and killed by his own men after the battle.

Answer 88

Greatest battle of Civil War fought in PA. Considered to be the turning point in the War in favor of the North.

Answer 89

First battle in the Revolutionary War. Paul Revere's ride and Emerson's poem 'shot heard around the world.'

Answer 90

(FDR) , U.S. naval victory over the Japanese fleet in June 1942, in which the Japanese lost four of their best aircraft carriers. It marked a turning point in World War II.

Answer 91

(JM), Jackson defends city against British frontal attack, becomes national hero

Answer 92

1759 - James Wolfe lead and army to meet French troops near the Plains of Abraham. Both he and the French commander, Marquis de Montcalm, died. The French were ultimately defeated and the city of Quebec surrendered. - It was considered to be one of the most significant engagements in British and American history, and when Montreal fell in 1760, that was the last time French flags would fly on American soil.

Answer 93

Major battle in revolutionary war, lead to victory by Benedict Arnold (before he became traitor). Considered to be the turning point in the war, leading to France backing the Americans.

Answer 94

(1876): Also called Custer's Last Stand, it was the most famous incident of the Indian Wars. Cheyenne and Sioux indians killed Custer and all of his men.

Answer 95

Last battle of Revolutionary War. Cornwallis surrendered to Washington here.

Answer 96

Battle of Lake Erie (Oliver Perry), Battle of Tippecanoe (Harrison and Tecumseh), Fort McHenry (Francis Scott Key), Battle of New Orlean (Jackson)

Answer 97

The battles of Lexington and Concord initiated the Revolutionary War between the American colonists and the British. British governor Thomas Gage sent troops to Concord to stop the colonists who were loading arms. The next day, on April 19, 1775, the first shots were fired in Lexington, starting the war. The battles resulted in a British retreat to Boston

Answer 98

Kennedy approved and CIA sponsored invasion of Cuba by Cuban exiles. Invasion failed, resulting in major humilation for Kennedy.

Answer 99

A republic that lasted for 25 days, started in Sonoma, CA in 1846 when Americans took over the town from the Mexicans. Once the Mexican-American War had begun, they joined America.

Answer 100

An American general who betrayed the US to the British in the Revolutionary war

Answer 101

Founding father, signer of the declaration of independence, Ambassador to France and Britain, early researcher of electricity,

Answer 102

Gilded Age president. Congress under him known as the "Billion Dollar Congress" for showering veterans with pensions, passing the McKinley Tariff Act and

Answer 103

VP - Morton, SS - Blaine

Answer 104

(HT), a wall separating East AKA People's Republic of Germany (controlled by Russia) and West Berlin AKA German Federal Republic (controlled by Britain, France, and America) built by East Germany in 1961 to keep citizens from escaping to the West

Answer 105

Millionaire, he headed the War Industries Board after 1918.

Answer 106

Bessemer invented a process for removing air pockets from iron, and thus allowed steel to be made. This made skyscrapers possible, advances in shipbuilding, construction, etc.

Answer 107

Believed to have sown the first American flag in the form of the Stars and Stripes.

Answer 108

Wrote The Feminine Mystique, a book that proved fundamental to the women's movement of the 1960s. Founder of National Organization for Women.

Answer 109

International negotiations backed by the threat of force. From Theodore Roosevelt.

Answer 110

A group of pominent midwestern universities known for high academic standards and keen atheletic competition.

Answer 111

President 1992-2000, reconciled conservative and liberal wings of democratic party. Impeached due to sexual misconduct. Booming economy.

Answer 112

Although the Anti-Federalists failed to block the ratification of the Constitution, they did ensure that the Bill of Rights would be created to protect individuals from government interference and possible tyranny. The Bill of Rights, drafted by a group led by James Madison, consisted of the first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guaranteed the civil rights of American citizens.

Answer 113

Gunslinger in New Mexico.

Answer 114

Restrictions on the freedom of former slaves, passed by Southern governments.

Answer 115

A radical movement for black power under the leadership of Malcolm X.

Answer 116

Militant black power organization of the 1960s founded by Huey Newton.

Answer 117

Called for independent development of political and social institutions for black people.

Answer 118

October 29, 1929-The day that the stock market crashed.

Answer 119

(RBH) 1878 , 1878 law passed over the veto of President Rutherford B. Hayes requiring the U.S. treasury to buy a certain amount of silver and put it into circulation as silver dollars. The goal was to subsidize the silver industry in the Mountain states and inflate prices, no less than $2 million and no more than $4 million

Answer 120

Sometimes referred to as Bloody Kansas or the Border War, was a sequence of violent events involving abolitionists (anti-slavery) and pro-slavery elements that took place in Kansas-Nebraska Territory and the western frontier towns of the U.S. state of Missouri between roughly 1854 and 1856. It led up to the civil war.

Answer 121

(FDR) , "Lighting war", typed of fast-moving warfare used by German forces against Poland n 1939

Answer 122

a type of law restricting activities or sales of goods on Sunday, which had its roots in accommodating Christian Sunday worship, although it persists to this day more as a matter of tradition. The term blue law may have been first used by Reverend Samuel Peters in his book General History of Connecticut, which was first published in 1781, to refer to various laws first enacted by Puritan colonies in the 17th century which prohibited the selling of certain types of merchandise and retail or business activity of any kind on certain days of the week (usually Sunday).

Answer 123

Outlaws on a two year spree of murder and bank robbery in

Answer 124

Influential black educator and leader. Said black could be social separated with whites, but together on other issues.

Answer 125

States bordering the North: Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. They were slave states, but did no secede.

Answer 126

Most famous political boss - HQed in NYC

Answer 127

British soldiers killed protestors of British rule. This increased the colonists inclination toward revolution.

Answer 128

A "revolt" on the Tea Act passed by Parliament; Sons of Liberty dressed up like Indians raided English ships in Boston Harbor. They dumped thousands of pounds of tea into the harbor. Led to Coercive Acts. (1773)

Answer 129

(AL) , payments to encourage volunteers (North not South)

Answer 130

(WMc) , A 1900 Uprising in China aimed at ending foreign influence in the country.

Answer 131

Mexican workers that were brought to America to work when so many men and women were gone from home during World War II that there weren't enough workers.

Answer 132

(WJC) 1993; handgun violence prevention act; legislation that established a five-day waiting period for handgun purchases

Answer 133

A group of intellectuals and planners who act as advisors, especially to a government.

Answer 134

The common name for the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in New Hampshire, 44 nations at war with the Axis powers met to create a world bank to stabilize international currency, increase investment in under-developed areas, and speed the economic recovery of Europe.

Answer 135

1944, (FDR) , The common name for the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in New Hampshire, 44 nations at war with the Axis powers met to create a world bank to stabilize international currency, increase investment in under-developed areas, and speed the economic recovery of Europe.

Answer 136

Leader of Mormons

Answer 137

British entered capital and set fire to many public buildings such as the Capital and the White House

Answer 138

A law passed by the English while fighting the French in 1793. The British closed off all port vessels that France went through so they couldnâ€™t get supplies, but American ships were seized also and Americans were impressed into the British navy, leading to the War of 1812.

Answer 139

English law enacted after French and Indian War which forbade the colonists from settling beyond the Appalachian Mountains. It helped spark the American revolution.

Answer 140

A Massachusetts commune that wanted to created a perfect union between intellect and manual labor. It failed because nobody really wanted to work.

Answer 141

Added to the seductive glamour of gleaming cities.

Answer 142

SC Congressman Brooks (pro-slavery) took a cane to MA Senator Sumner (abolitionist) after he insulted SC and slavery.

Answer 143

(1956) Ended segregation in the public transportation system after the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Answer 144

1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated.

Answer 145

(WJC) cut federal deficit, edu. for the poor (operation head start), inc. energy taxes, increase income taxes on upper classes, min. wage raised, did not act on health care, Kennedy Kassebaum bill (change jobs doesn't lose med. insurance, cannot be denied based on preexisting condition), did little to hasten economic and provide better jobs.

Answer 146

Soldier against Native Americans, later founded the celebrated 'Wild West Show.'

Answer 147

Members of one of the African American regiments within the U.S. Army after the Civil War, serving primarily in the Indian wars of the late 1860s.

Answer 148

Teddy Roosevelt's party in the election of 1812

Answer 149

At the beginning of the Revolutionary War, the British troops were based in Boston. The British army had begun to fortify the Dorchester Heights near Boston, and so the Continental Army fortified Breedâ€™s Hill, north of Boston, to counter the British plan. British general Gage led two unsuccessful attempts to take this hill, before he finally seized it with the third assault. The British suffered heavy losses and lost any hope for a quick victory against the colonies. Although the battle centered around Breedâ€™s Hill, it was mistakenly named for nearby Bunker Hill.

Answer 150

When Hamilton lobbied for Jefferson when Jefferson and Burr were up for the presidency, Burr became so angered he challenged Hamilton to a duel. Hamilton accepted, and lost.

Answer 151

This is when you buy a stock with a small downpayment and say that you will pay the rest later because you don't have the money now. It's buying something with money you hope that you'll be getting in the future.

Answer 152

Entered as a free state as part of Compromise of 1850, threw off balance.

Answer 153

President in 1923. Worked to restrain growth of government and especially to interfere with private enterprise.

Answer 154

(JEC) 1979, Anwar el-Sadat (egypt), Menachem Begin (Israel) and Carter (US) talked about rejecting war, and also Israel aggred to return all of Sinai Peninsula to Egypt within three years, treaty signed in Washington

Answer 155

cleaning up way they are financed, house campaign skyrocketed, (PAC pays half), 2 distortions = 1) predominance of politlcal influence disprotionate to real number 2) soft money (Money raised in unlimited amounts by political parties for party-building purposes. Now largely illegal except for limited contributions to state or local parties for voter registration and get-out-the-vote efforts.)

Answer 156

(WJC) both parties accused of illegal practices, (violating = allowing foreign influence in US elections) hard money (campaign gifts to individual candidates) should be reported to federal election commission

Answer 157

One of the original settlers of Jamestown. Captured by Native Americans, saved by Pocahontas.

Answer 158

Colony (ultimately split in two) used as outpost for West Indies trade. Where American slavery is said to have started.

Answer 159

In 1837 a steamer, the Caroline, was attacked by the British. They burned it on the shore of New York. This steamer was carrying supplies across the Niagara River. Luckily, it sank before going over the falls and only One American died.

Answer 160

Northerners accused of sleazily seeking power and profit in a now-desolate South. - Derogatory Southern name for Northerners who came to the South to participate in Reconstruction governments. - Name came from the cloth gas of possessions many of them used to travel South. - Response by some violent Southern whites led to organization of the Ku Klux Klan.

Answer 161

a leading proponent of prohibition.

Answer 162

(JEC) 1979, he wanted cut down on foregin oil supports and on American reliance on petroleum, alternate sources he wanted were solar poewr and synthetic gasoline, also (1) commit funds to develop alternative enrgy sources through windfall taxes, but sadly none of these happened.

Answer 163

countries such as Britain and France would have to pay for American goods in cash and provide transportation for them. This would keep US ships out of the war zone and eliminate the need for war loans

Answer 164

(USG), A railroad that started in Sacramento , and connected with the Union Pacific Railroad in Promentary Point, Utah; hired Irish immigrants

Answer 165

(RR), reduced the domestic funds of government by choking off its revenue, weakened civil rights enforcement, dealt with education (Willaim Bennett), rich benefited, poor didn't, women started working male jobs, rising benefits of social security, chidren had it worse, worked part time or temporary, but few or no benefits, North - computer industry, South - decline in manufacturing

Answer 166

A coalition of American labor unions originally formed in 2005 as an alternative to the AFL-CIO. Includes the Teamsters, Laborers' Union, the United Food and Commercial Workers International Union, and the SEIU.

Answer 167

Female staffer drown after Ted Kennedy drove off a bridge. Essentially put an end to Kennedy's chances of becoming President.

Answer 168

British general during the revolutionary war, who surrendered to Washington at the Battle of Yorktown.

Answer 169

He ran against FDR and disliked the New Deal. He voiced his opinions on the radio.

Answer 170

Presented the theory of evolution, which proposed that creation was an ongoing process in which mutation and natural selection constantly give rise to new species. Sparked a long-running religious debate over the issue of creation.

Answer 171

He formed the French resistance movement in London immediately after the French surrender at Vichy. He was elected President of the Free French government in exile during the war and he was the first provisional president of France after its liberation.

Answer 172

Lindbergh flew his airplane, the Spirit of St. Louis, across the Atlantic in the first transatlantic solo flight.

Answer 173

1837) interest of community are above corporate rights case settled a dispute over the constitutional clause regarding obligation of contract

Answer 174

(FP) , Radical Republican against the slave power who insults Andrew Butler and subsequently gets caned by Preston Brooks

Answer 175

reated the Townshend Acts - British Prime Minister (Grenvilleâ€™s replacement) - Townshend Acts formed a program of taxing items imported into the colonies, such as paper, lead, glass, and tea; it replaced the direct taxes of the Stamp Act. - Townshend Acts led to boycotts by Boston merchants, a key contributor to the Boston Massacre

Answer 176

Wrote Women & Economics (1898), a plea for female economic independence. The vote alone is not enough. Her thinking inspired feminists, especially in 70s and 80s.

Answer 177

American Adult educational movement which was popular through the 19th and 20th movements - brought people into communities to lecture

Answer 178

(1831) The Cherokees argued that they were a seperate nation and therefore not under Georgia's jurisdiction. Marshall said they were not, but rather had "special status"

Answer 179

Major tribe that lived in the Southeast. Were forcibly removed to reservations west of the Mississippi.

Answer 180

The Chesapeake was boarded by the British, who forced the crew to sail on British ships. This is one of the more famous cases of impressment, and led to the War of 1812.

Answer 181

Followed Garfield, favored civil service reform.

Answer 182

Forced Japanese back when they were trying to weize Midway Island.

Answer 183

Tried to lead his people to Canada to avoid forced resettlement, but captured at border and surrendered.

Answer 184

Laws passed forbidding employment of children except in specific circumstances. Later Supreme Court ruled these unconstitutional. Later still 1930s, Fair Labor Standards Act upheld by the Court, banning employment of children in manufacturing jobs.

Answer 185

(WJC) even though turmoil, us had to keep good relations with China

Answer 186

Suspension of chinese immigration for fear they were driving down wages for whites. By 1902, Chinese immigration banned completely. Became eligible for citizenship in 1943.

Answer 187

He was a representative of the French Republic who came to America in order to recruit Americans to help fight in the French Revolution.

Answer 188

(LBJ) 1964 , LBJ passed this in 1964. Prohibited discrimination of African Americans in employement, voting, or public accomidations. Also said there could be no discrimination against race, color, sex, religion, or national origin, had to take literacy test

Answer 189

Gave more rights to Blacks after Civil War

Answer 190

Officially made blacks citizens of the US

Answer 191

Movement in 50s and 60s to eliminate segregation and gain equal rights. Major moments were when Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a bus for a white person, MLK's 'I have a Dream Speech', the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the Voting Rights Act of 1965, and Fair Housing Act of 1968.

Answer 192

A federal agency which regulates the hiring of government employees.

Answer 193

(CAA) , Congress took action in the late 19th century to protect ethical politicians and create standards for political service; including, a civil service test for those seeking a job in government.

Answer 194

War between Northern and Southern States. South wanted to secede to preserve economic model, including slavery, and autonomy. North won.

Answer 195

(FDR) 1933, , March 31, 1933; unemployment relief act; hired young men for reforestation programs, firefighting. flood control, spawn drainage, etc;

Answer 196

Founder of the American Red Cross

Answer 197

Defense attorney in the Scopes trial.

Answer 198

Leaders who came about during the debate over the Tariff of 1816. (This put a 20-30% tariff on imported goods to protect Americanâ€™s economy) - Webster was from the North and supported partial protection, but not the entire amount. - Calhoun was from the South and was in favor of the tariff. - Clay was from the West and also supported the tariff. He believed in the American System. This system entailed first, the protective tariff, and then with the benefits of the tariff and increase in national industry, the money could then be used to improve roads and transportation among the states.

Answer 199

(WW) 1914, New antitrust legislation constructed to remedy deficiencies of the Sherman Antitrust Act, namely, it's effectiveness against labor unions, also made labor unions not dependent on antilaws

Answer 200

(MF) 1850, Both U.S. and England wanted to build a Panama Canal. This said that if either of us built it, we'd get the builder's permission to use it and would share the profits.

Answer 201

(RN), 1970 reaction to Rachel Carson in her 1962 in Silent Spring, It describes one of a number of pieces of legislation relating to the reduction of smog and air pollution in general. The legislation forced the country to enforce clean air standards to improve health and showed that American was moving towards certain environmentalist measures.

Answer 202

Impeached for purjury about Monica Lewinsky. Tried and acquitted by the Senate.

Answer 203

Sleek ships that sacrificed cargo space for speed.

Answer 204

(TR), 1902, , Coal mines of Pennsylvania. 140,000 workers, many illiterate immigrants had been frightfully exploited and accident plagued. Demanded a 20% increase in pay and reduction of the working day from 10 to 9 hours. Mine owners refused to negotiate., TR threatens to bring in troops, then they listened

Answer 205

Supreme Court has right to review the decisions of all state supreme courts.

Answer 206

(HT) 1946-1988, Churchill said it was a "iron curtain" between eastern and western Europe, A conflict that was between the US and the Soviet Union. The nations never directly confronted eachother on the battlefield but deadly threats went on for years, US against Communism (containment)

Answer 207

(RR), 1985, Reagan believe SALT II Treaty favored Soviet Union - evil, soon Mikhail Gorbachev party leadership, Reagan's view caused anxieties among America's Western European allies, antinuclear demonstrations in Europe start, the Yuri Andropov proposed arms reduction that he knew Reagan would reject, he wanted to corrupt Europe's and US's relations, but that didn't really work

Answer 208

Founded in 1693, it was the first college of the Jamestown area.

Answer 209

Was created to "sell" the war to those people who were against it and gain support for it. To do this, men devlievered speeches and gave out pamphlets. It was headed by George Creel

Answer 210

Samuel Adams started the first committee in Boston in 1772 to spread propaganda and secret information by way of letters. They were used to sustain opposition to British policy. The committees were extremely effective and a few years later almost every colony had one.

Answer 211

Won surprise victory over the Spanish in Spanish- American War in the Philippines. Only "Admiral of the Navy" in US history.

Answer 212

Pamphlets written by Thomas Paine to rally support for the Revolutionary war.

Answer 213

Labor unions ruled not illegal conspiracies, that methods were honorable and peaceful

Answer 214

(MF) by Daniel Webster, California wanted to join the Union, but if California was accepted the North would gain control of the Senate, and Southerners threatened to secede from the Union. This compromise set up California joining the Union as a free state, New Mexico and Utah use popular sovereignty to decide the question of slavery, slave trading is banned in the nation's capital, The Fugitive Slave Law is passed, and the border between Texas and New Mexico was set.

Answer 215

Unwritten deal that settled the 1876 presidential election contest between Rutherford Hayes (Rep) and Samuel Tilden (Dem.) Hayes was awarded the presidency in exchange for the permanent removal of federal troops from the South.

Answer 216

Promised to gradually reduce the Tariff of 1832 by 10% over a period of eight years.

Answer 217

in the Civil War â€“ Large land areas with long coasts, could afford to lose battles, and could export cotton for money. They were fighting a defensive war and only needed to keep the North out of their states to win. Also had the nationâ€™s best military leaders, and most of the existing military equipment and supplies.

Answer 218

the southern states that seceded from the United States in 1861, Jefferson Davis, Montgomery, AL

Answer 219

Allowed Union to liberate those slaves used by the Confederacy for "insurrectionary purposes."

Answer 220

1941-42 - Interracial until 1962, when it became predominately Black, after 1964, only Blacks were allowed to join. It concentrated on organizing votes for Black candidates and political causes, successful even in states like Mississippi and Alabama.

Answer 221

(GF) created the seniority system to appoint chairpersons of commitees, incease the size of the Ways and Means Committee from 25 to 37, and no member of other commitees could be chairperson of two major committes at the same time

Answer 222

Founded by Thomas Hooker who brought groups of Puritans to new colony.

Answer 223

(GF) 1976, combined 7 railroads in NE US in an attempt to revitalize service, last ditch attempt to avoid outright govt ownerships and operation

Answer 224

(1787-1989) The fundamental law of the US. Established strong central government in place of the Articles of Confederation

Answer 225

The gathering that drafted the Constitution of the United States in 1787; all states were invited to send delegates. The convention, meeting in Philadelphia, designed a government with separate legislative, executive, and judicial branches. It established Congress as a lawmaking body with two houses: each state is given two representatives in the Senate, whereas representation in the House of Representatives is based on population.

Answer 226

(RN), influenced by Ralph Nader, effectively protected from fraud and deceit through law, enforced by govt agencies, attracted many lawyers and others to the cause

Answer 227

Truman policy to contain spread of Communism. Lead to the formation of NATO.

Answer 228

The Continental Army was the unified command structure of the thirteen colonies fighting Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War. The Army was created by a resolution of the Continental Congress on June 14, 1775. Most of the Continental Army was disbanded on November 3, 1783, after the Treaty of Paris. A small residual force remained at West Point and some frontier outposts until Congress created the United States Army by their resolution of June 3, 1784.

Answer 229

Assembly of the 13 colonies that rules during the Revolutionary War under the Articles of Confederation. It passed the Declaration of Independence

Answer 230

(WJC)Gingrich, President can delete specific items passed by the Congress, proposed constitutional amendment to limit the term of office was ignore, imposed federal mandates on states without providing the money

Answer 231

(RR), 1985 Regan visits German cemetry at Bitburg, graves of victims of Nazis

Answer 232

The term "coolie" refers to unskilled laborers from Asia in the 1800s to early 1900s who were sent to the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Peru, North Africa, Sri Lanka and the West Indies. The term usually referred to Chinese, Indian, Japanese and Korean laborers and was often used in a derogatory way. In India, "coolie" refers to porters who work at railway stations. In Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana and other parts of the Caribbean, as well as Sri Lanka and South Africa, the word is considered an offensive racial slur on par with "nigger." In the British Empire, a "coolie" was an indentured labourer with conditions resembling slavery. Chinese coolies contributed to the building of the Transcontinental Railroad in the United States, as well as the Canadian Pacific Railway in Western Canada, but many of the Chinese laborers were not welcome to stay after its completion. California's Anti-Coolie Act of 1862 and Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 also contributed to the oppression of Chinese laborers in the United States.

Answer 233

(AL) , a group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War, Vallandigham

Answer 234

Chief architect of the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act of 1934. He also succeeded in negotiating pacts with 21 countries by the end of 1939. These pacts were essentially trade agreements that stated if the United States lowered its tariff, then the other country would do the same.

Answer 235

A railroad baron, he controlled the New York Central Railroad.

Answer 236

The charge make by Jacksonians in 1825 that Clay had supported John Quincy Adams in the House presidential vote in return for the office of Secretary of State. Clay knew he could not win, so he traded his votes for an office.

Answer 237

1798 â€“ Eli Whitney developed the cotton gin, a machine which could separate cotton from its seeds. This invention made cotton a profitable crop of great value to the Southern economy. It also reinforced the importance of slavery in the economy of the South.

Answer 238

Religious leader behind the Salem Witch Trials.

Answer 239

This council was created by the Employment Act and was made to promote maximum employment, production, and purchasing power.

Answer 240

A typical conveyance for settlers moving west.

Answer 241

A band of unemployed people who marched to DC during the depression of 1894 under the leadership of Jacob S. Coxey. They urged the enactment of laws which would provide money without interest for public improvements to create work.

Answer 242

Sioux chief at the Battle of Little Bighorn.

Answer 243

1872 - Union Pacific Railway created a ficticious construction company and hired itself to work (using government funds) - scandal broke loose and leaders attempted to bribe Congress with Union Pacific stock

Answer 244

Headed by George Creel, this committee was in charge of propaganda for WWI (1917-1919). He depicted the U.S. as a champion of justice and liberty

Answer 245

1860 - attempt to prevent Civil War by Senator Crittenden - offered a Constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in the territories south of the 36º30' line, noninterference by Congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves - defeated by Republicans

Answer 246

System that allowed farmers to get more credit. They used harvested crops to pay back their loans.

Answer 247

Responsible for gaining Bryan popularity. To supporters of gold: "You shall not crucify mankind upon this cross of gold."

Answer 248

Khruschev put nuclear missiles in Cuba, Kennedy blockaded Cuba insisting they be removed, which they eventually were. Closest world came to direct confrontation of superpowers in Cold War

Answer 249

(LBJ) when Cuba cut off the water supply from America, so Johnson response was supply freshwater by tankers, he worried Castro he would continue U2 spy plans but Castro said he would shoot them, so US attempted to isolate and punish but critics criticized

Answer 250

Belief in Middle and Upper Classes in US and Britain - women embodied perfect virtues in all senses

Answer 251

Highway that stretched across nation, providing much aid to Westerners. (1811)

Answer 252

Custer pursuing Sioux indians, but underestimated their force. His whole group was killed in the Battle of Little Bighorn.

Answer 253

Invented mechanical reaper

Answer 254

Produced the move "The Birth of Nations" in 1915 which glorified the KK of Reconstuction days and defamed both blacks and Northern carpetbaggers.

Answer 255

A frontier settler who explored and settled Kentucky

Answer 256

He was a captain in the American Revolutionary War. He is mostly known for leading a small army of farmers in Shays' Rebellion, which was a revolt against the state government of Massachusetts from 1786-1787.

Answer 257

Defended national unity in the Senate against advocates of States rights such as Calhoun.

Answer 258

1819 (JMon), contract, Daniel Webster, Jurisdictional dispute between the college's president and board of trustees led to a Supreme Court ruling favoring the educational freedom of private institutions (which is what colleges are considered to be)

Answer 259

Settler and politician. Killed at the Alamo.

Answer 260

An act that removed Indian land from tribal possesion, redivided it, and distributed it among individual Indian families. Designed to break tribal mentalities and promote individualism.

Answer 261

June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II.

Answer 262

Hearstâ€™s Journal published a private letter written by Spanish minister to the United States Depuy de LÃ´me regarding his reservations for Cuban independence and disparaging President McKinley. Helped spark war.

Answer 263

The fundamental document establishing the US as a nation, adopted on July 4, 1776. Written largely by Jefferson. Declared principles upon which Revolutionary War was fought.

Answer 264

Passed in 1766 just after the repeal of the Stamp Act, the Declaratory Act stated that Parliament could legislate for the colonies in all cases. Most colonists interpreted the act as a face-saving mechanism and nothing more. Parliament, however, continually interpreted the act in its broadest sense in order to legislate in and control the colonies.

Answer 265

The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life.

Answer 266

Influenced by the spirit of rationalism, Desists believed that God, like a celestial clockmaker, had created a perfect universe and then had stepped back to let it operate according to natural laws.

Answer 267

Established by Lord de la Warr. Had a strong Swedish influence.

Answer 268

Political party that arose in 1820s. Jackson was the first Democratic president. Supported limited government and represented farmers, laborers and settlers. Since the New Deal, Democrats have emphasized the role of the federal government in promoting social, economic and political opportunities for all citizens.

Answer 269

One of the first two American political parties, together with the Federalist Party. Founded by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison. Those two and James Monroe were the only Democratic-Republican presidents. Party disbanded in the 1820s, splintering into two factions, the Democratic Party and the Whig Party. Members of the Democratic-Republican Party believed that a strong federal government would weaken and not respect the rights of the states and the people.

Answer 270

TRADITION, opposed banks and corporations as state legislated economic privilege, anti state legistlaed reforms and preferred individual freedom of choice, TJ agrarians, expansion, progress thru external growth, SOUTH

Answer 271

Irish immigrant who settled in San Francisco and fought for workers rights. He led strikes in protest of the growing number of imported Chinese workers who worked for less than the Americans. Founded the Workingman's Party, which was later absorbed into the Granger movement.

Answer 272

In 1948, the Attorney General indicted two key Communist leaders for violation of the Smith Act of 1940 which prohibited conspiring to teach violent overthrow of the government. They were convicted in a 6-2 decision and their appeal was rejected.

Answer 273

Originally started in 1903 as the Department of Commerce and Labor, it was combined with the Bureau of Corporations in 1913 to create the Department of Labor. The Bureau of Corporations helped break the stronghold of monopolies.

Answer 274

Spanish-American war was started when Deweyâ€™s fleet seized or destroyed all ten Spanish ships anchored in Manila Bay (Philippines).

Answer 275

(TR) run for office may circulate a petition and get the required number signatures, voters a more direct role in govt

Answer 276

(HT) Southern Democrats who opposed Truman's position on civil rights. They caused a split in the Democratic party, leader is Governor Strom Thurmond

Answer 277

Expressed in the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, it said that states could nullify federal laws.

Answer 278

(WT) , President Taft's policy of building strong economic ties to Latin America. (Nicaragua, DR, Haiti, Virgin Islands)

Answer 279

(GW), Hamilton, funding at a par

Answer 280

In 1686, New England, in conjunction with New York and New Jersey, consolidated under the royal authority -- James II. Charters and self rule were revoked, and the king enforced mercantile laws. The new setup also made for more efficient administration of English Navigation Laws, as well as a better defense system. The Dominion ended in 1688 when James II was removed from the throne.

Answer 281

Rights activist on behalf of mentally ill patients - created first wave of US mental asylums

Answer 282

US infantry in WWI

Answer 283

General in WWII for recapturing Phillippines. Supervised occupation of Japan. Commander of UN forces in Korean war. Later removed by Truman.

Answer 284

(TR) 1902 No nation should use force to collect debts unless debtor nation refused arbitration, Luis Drago

Answer 285

(JB) , Supreme Court case which ruled that slaves are not citizens but are property, affirmed that property cannot be interfered with by Congress, slaves do not become free if they travel to free territories or states, fueled abolitionist movement, hailed as victory for the south

Answer 286

A parched region of the Great Plains in OK, ARK, and TX, where a combination of drought and soil erosion created enormous dust storms in 1930s.

Answer 287

Supreme Commander of Allied forces in WWII. Later organized NATO, President 1952-60, negotiated end of Korean War. Cold War.

Answer 288

Chief justice 1953-1969. Bold interpretation of the Constitution "the Warren Court" in favor of the disadvantaged. Involved in Brown vs. Board and Miranda decisions. Investigated assassination of Kennedy.

Answer 289

(RR) wanted free enterprise system, which would help pour revenue into the pockets of taxpayers, as a result, dismantled govt programs like Clean Air and Water Acts and OSHA, economic regulations Environmental Protection Agency, accused of making deals with industries, America doing well in Europe since they were good customers (huge trade surpluses), they had private saving ans invested in US Treasury bills, however downfall was unbalanced budgets

Answer 290

Edison invented the light bulb at the turn of the century, revolutionizing the American way of life.

Answer 291

Younger brother of JFK. A leading liberal and Senator. Chappaquiddick undermined his chances at President.

Answer 292

Radio commentator during WWII, opposed McCarthyism, created TV shows going to homes of celebrities for interviews.

Answer 293

(RR) helped minority workers

Answer 294

(WW) , banned the sale of alcohol in 1919, in comes in the Volstead Act

Answer 295

(DDE) 1957, , policy of the US that it would defend the middle east against attack by any communist country, Arab states said to leave Lebanon alone

Answer 296

(RR) 1979-1990, Civil was there, US and Pres. Jose Napoleon Duarte against leftist, but then soon death squads and threat leftist, two main problems (1) ones in power supported govt. in limit and (2) used power to delay and hurt agriculture, but soon guerilla attacks stopped after US invested money in El Salvador's newly privatized electrical markets

Answer 297

As a belated result of the disputed election of 1876 involving Samuel J. Tilden and Rutherford B. Hayes, the Electoral Count Act of 1887 placed the responsibility of deciding electoral disputes mainly on the states themselves. Congress now counts the votes (a mere formality) on Jan. 6.

Answer 298

First lady to FDR, involved in humanitarian and diplomatic efforts around the world. Represented US in UN.

Answer 299

1798 â€“ He developed the cotton gin, a machine which could separate cotton from its seeds. This invention made cotton a profitable crop of great value to the Southern economy. It also reinforced the importance of slavery in the economy of the South.

Answer 300

First female to graduate from medical college.

Answer 301

Called for Seneca Falls Convention, worked in close partnership with Susan B. Anthony for Women's suffrage.

Answer 302

(1903) gave the Interstate Commerce Commission more power to control railroads from giving preferences to certain customers

Answer 303

(AL) , Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free

Answer 304

A law passed by Congress forbidding all exportation of goods from the United States. Jefferson hoped to weaken the warring France and Britain by shutting off trade, but the act ended up hurting our economy more than theirs. It helped to revive the Federalists and caused New England's industry to grow. It was repealed in 1807 and eventually led to the War of 1812.

Answer 305

March 6, 1933 - FDR ordered a bank holiday. Many banks were failing because they had too little capital, made too many planning errors, and had poor management. The Emergency Banking Relief Act provided for government inspection, which restored public confidence in the banks. It gave the president power to regulate banking transactions and foreign exchange and to reopen solvent banks.

Answer 306

1921 - First legislation passed which restricted the number of immigrants. Quota was 357,800, which let in only 2% of the number of people of that nationality that were allowed in in 1890.

Answer 307

Two transcendentalist authors. Emerson - Poet, philosopher, "The American Scholar." Thoreau - Poet, mystic, "Walden: Or Life in the Woods."

Answer 308

Emilio Aguinaldo (1869-1964) led a Filipino insurrection against the Spanish in 1896 and assisted the U.S. invasion. He served as leader of the provisional government but was removed by the U.S. because he wanted to make the Philippines independent before the U.S. felt it was ready for independence. He was captured.

Answer 309

(AJ) , in 1821 founded Troy Female Seminary in New York which was a model for girls' schools everywhere

Answer 310

A fourteen year old black boy who was lynched by a Mississippi mob for leering at a woman.

Answer 311

(GB1) was between end of WWII (1945 to 1990), two major wars in between were Korean and Vietnam, Gorbachev destroy Brezhnev policy (use miltary to keep Communism), US and Russia stop missile on each other

Answer 312

(WJC) us wouldn't test unless another nation did it first

Answer 313

(RN), following Yom Kippur War, so they planned to use Alaskian pipeline, but eventually went back to foreign

Answer 314

(JEC), Iran revolution ended oil shipment, so in spring of 1979, gas and oil priced were raised

Answer 315

(RN), 1970 an independent federal agency established to coordinate programs aimed at reducing pollution and protecting the environment

Answer 316

(RN) , in 1972 and 1988, constitutional amendment passed by Congress but never ratified that would have banned discrimination on the basis of gender

Answer 317

The 1870â€™s-1890â€™s was a dark period in American politics filled with corruption, which rivaled todayâ€™s. Dubbed â€œThe Era of Good Stealings,â€ the gilded age was arguably when politicians first recognized the seemingly deep pool of corporate money and also when many of them signed their souls over to the corporations.

Answer 318

Period from 1815–1821 that followed the War of 1812 where the last Federalist candidate was defeated and the issues of slavery were emerging as a result of the Missouri Compromise. James Monroe defeated the last Federalist candidate in 1816, and won unopposed in 1820.

Answer 319

Linked the Great Lakes region to New York (and European shipping routes), opened up new era of industry for farmers. (1825)

Answer 320

He received the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954 and the Pulitzer Prize in 1952. A Farewell to Arms was written in 1929 and told the story of a love affair between an American ambulance driver and a British nurse in Italy during WW I. He shot himself in the head with a shotgun in 1961.

Answer 321

(WW) 1920, railroads given to private operations, now US digresses from railroad and more into automobiles and ships

Answer 322

Brought forth under the Wilson administration, they stated that any treacherous act or draft dodging was forbidden, outlawed disgracing the government, the Constitution, or military uniforms, and forbade aiding the enemy.

Answer 323

(GB1) main issue = larges fees for lobbying and weak laws governing campaign spending

Answer 324

Was challenging Johnson and had a good chance of winning until Robert Kennedy decided to run.

Answer 325

Eugene Victor "Gene" Debs was an American socialist, political activist, trade unionist, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World, and five times the candidate of the Socialist Party of America for President of the United States.

Answer 326

(WJC) largest environmental operation ever, in Florida, buffer zones north and east

Answer 327

(GW) a tax on certain items such as alcohol, tobacco, and gasoline

Answer 328

Taxes placed on manufactured products. The excise tax on whiskey helped raise revenue for Hamilton's program.

Answer 329

Blacks who knew what fate awaited them in the South and moved to the Midwest to start anew.

Answer 330

1828 (JQA) , John C. Calhoun wrote this in protest to the Tariff of 1828. In it, he said that a state should be able to nullify a federal law (The Tariff of 1828)

Answer 331

Most critics regard "The Great Gatsby" as his finest work. Written in 1925, it tells of an idealist who is gradually destroyed by the influence of the wealthy, pleasure-seeking people around him.

Answer 332

Enacted by executive order 8802 on June 25, 1941 to prohibit discrimination in the armed forces.

Answer 333

(WJC) company with more than 50 employees, allow 12 weeks of unpaid keave

Answer 334

maintain national unity, obey principles and authority, create permanent allience but not embroil in European affairs

Answer 335

Movement which focused on cooperation between farmers. They all agreed to sell crops at the same high prices to eliminate competition. Not successful.

Answer 336

A federal agency which insures bank deposits, created by the Glass-Steagall Banking Reform Act of 1933.

Answer 337

(RR), hated big govt and wanted to cut taxes through offering increased defense spending, he was convinced that Soviet Union was a threat so he raised money for greater military like MX missile and Star Wars, this caused FBD (what govt took in and what it spent) of $200 billion, refused to support tax increases and refused lower social security benefits

Answer 338

(GF) (1) fines up to 10,000 for each violation of the law in a civil case, (2) PAC no more than 5000 per candidate

Answer 339

(GF) investigate alleged violations of the law

Answer 340

(HH) , Agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture; it offered farmers insurance against loss of crops due to drought; flood; or freeze. It did not guarantee profit or cover losses due to bad farming.

Answer 341

(WW) , response to Panic , Regulated banking to help small banks stay in business. A move away from laissez-faire policies, it was passed by Wilson.

Answer 342

(WW) , A seven-member board that sets member banks reserve requirements, controls the discount rate, and makes other economic decisions.

Answer 343

(WW) 1913 , independent agency in the federal executive branch. Established under the Federal Reserve Act of 1913, the Federal Reserve System ("Fed") is the central bank of the United States. One of the most powerful agencies in the government, it makes and administers policy for national credit and monetary policies. The Fed supervises and regulates bank functions across the country, thus maintaining a sound and stable banking industry, able to deal with a wide range of domestic and international financial demands

Answer 344

(RR), aided in keeping money from growing too fast, reduced inflation

Answer 345

(FDR) 1933, 1934, , required promoters to transmit to the investor sworn information regarding the soundness of their stocks and bonds

Answer 346

(WW) 1914 , A government agency established in 1914 to prevent unfair business practices and help maintain a competitive economy, support antitrust suits

Answer 347

This collection of essays by John Jay, Alexander Hamilton, and James Madison, explained the importance of a strong central government. It was published to convince New York to ratify the Constitution. - The Federalist #10 â€“ This essay from the Federalist Papers proposed setting up a republic to solve the problems of a large democracy (anarchy, rise of factions which disregard public good).

Answer 348

Led by Alexander Hamilton, the Federalists believed in a strong central government, loose interpretation, and encouraged commerce and manufacturing. They were staunch supporters of the Constitution during ratification and were a political force during the early years of the United States. The Federalist influence declined after the election of Republican Thomas Jefferson to the presidency and disappeared completely after the Hartford Convention.

Answer 349

Supreme Court Justice 1939-1962, argued for judicial restraint (not legislate from the bench).

Answer 350

1959 - A band of insurgents led by Fidel Castro succeeded in overthrowing the corrupt government of Juan Baptista, and Cuba became Communist.

Answer 351

(AJohn) , Banned states from denying African Americans the right to vote

Answer 352

Emilio Aguinaldo led a Filipino movement for independence in 1896, and wrote constitution when Spain surrendered. When US received Philippines, they tried to fight again, but quickly gave up.

Answer 353

Beloved mayor of NZC in 30s and 40s.

Answer 354

Series of informal radio addresses given by FDR to explain New Deal.

Answer 355

Caused debate between Federalists and Anti-Federalists. Hamilton felt that it was in the implied powers of the Constitution that the government could establish the bank to strengthen the economy, but Jefferson felt that while it would be helpful, the government did not have the power to create it. Washington ultimately sided with Hamilton.

Answer 356

(GW) 1791-1811, by Hamilton, came about strict vs loose construction

Answer 357

(AL) , 1861-- First battle of the Civil War. Union soldiers were commanded by McDowell and defeated by the Confederate soldiers under Beauregard (Stonewall Jackson)

Answer 358

The First Continental Congress convened on September 5, 1774, to protest the Intolerable Acts. The congress endorsed the Suffolk Resolves, voted for a boycott of British imports, and sent a petition to King George III, conceding to Parliament the power of regulation of commerce but stringently objecting to its arbitrary taxation and unfair judicial system.

Answer 359

(USG) Central Pacific Railroad, Union Pacific, Irish and Chinese, meets at Promontory Point, Utah

Answer 360

The First Great Awakening was a time of religious fervor during the 1730s and 1740s. The movement arose in reaction to the rise of skepticism and the waning of religious faith brought about by the Enlightenment. Protestant ministers held revivals throughout the English colonies in America, stressing the need for individuals to repent and urging a personal understanding of truth.

Answer 361

(AJ), in Philly, wanted 1) abolition of imprisonment for debt 2) free education 3) abolition of prison contract 4) 10 hour work day

Answer 362

1816 (JM) In 1816, Congress passed the nation's first protective tariff. It was designed to protect textile factories, because the British were dumping cloth in the United States at bargain prices in their attempt to regain markets they had lost during the War of 1812.

Answer 363

Jim Fisk and Jay Gould exploited US Treasury to benefit themselves. Exemplified corruption in America when proven guilty.

Answer 364

The Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole tribes, all located in the southeast. They were considered civilized by whites because they followed many of their practices, such as slavery.

Answer 365

(WH) , (maintain status quo) An agreement on ship ratios between the US, Britain, Japan, France, and Italy. For every five ships the US had, Britain would have five, Japan would have three, and France and Italy would each have 1.67. The major Pacific naval powers—Britain, Japan, and the United States—with some specific exceptions, agreed not to increase fortifications on their Pacific bases. This provision was included to help Japan overcome its reluctance to accept a smaller naval role.

Answer 366

Wild women (relatively speaking) of the 1920s.

Answer 367

Founded the National Consumer's League, which wanted legislation to protect consumers from being cheated or harmed by big business. Also was the state of Illinois' first chief factory inspector and lead an advocate for improved factory conditions.

Answer 368

1819 - Also known as the Adams-Onis Treaty. Spain sold Florida to the U.S. and the U.S. gave up its claims to Texas. - Drawn up by John Quincy Adams.

Answer 369

Created by Wilson during WWI - Led by Herbert Hoover - set up ration system to save food for soldiers

Answer 370

1900 Gave the Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular government. In 1917 they got US citizenship.

Answer 371

Passed after civil war - protected voting rights of blacks

Answer 372

The four Force Acts passed by the Congress of the United States shortly after the American Civil War helped protect the voting rights of African-Americans.

Answer 373

1833 - The Force Bill authorized President Jackson to use the army and navy to collect duties on the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. South Carolina's ordinance of nullification had declared these tariffs null and void, and South Carolina would not collect duties on them. The Force Act was never invoked because it was passed by Congress the same day as the Compromise Tariff of 1833, so it became unnecessary. South Carolina also nullified the Force Act.

Answer 374

(GF)relations weren't that good

Answer 375

(WH) 1922, This tariff raised the tax on imports to its heights level- 60%

Answer 376

(GF) Ford and Brezhnev talked about continuing policy of detente, to prevent a third world war

Answer 377

1978. it was a reaction to the abuses of the Nixon whitehouse.

Answer 378

(BH) Authorized the President to set aside public forests as national parks and other reserves

Answer 379

In 1861 Confederates attacked the fort, which led to its surrender and was the opening engagement of the Civil War. It is located in Charleston, South Carolina.

Answer 380

failed attempt to help freed blacks during reconstruction - had promised blacks forty acres of land and a mule to plow with

Answer 381

John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Alexander Hamilton, Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and George Washington.

Answer 382

Freedoms FDR said are worth fighting for: speech, worship, want and fear. Used to justify US involvement in WWII.

Answer 383

(WH) , An agreement made by the United States, Britain, France, and Japan to not seek further Pacific expansion or increased naval strength in the region. The countries also agreed to respect the Pacific holdings of the other countries signing the agreement. The signatories agreed to consult each other in the event of a dispute over territorial possessions

Answer 384

(WW) 1918, program for world peace, freedom of seas, removal of barriers to international trade, reduction of armaments

Answer 385

(AJohn) , made "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" citizens of the country

Answer 386

Dean of Women at Northwestern University and the president of the Women's Christian Temperance Union which she build to become the largest organization of women in the world.

Answer 387

First women to hold a cabinet position (Secretary of Labor under FDR). She assisted in drafting of New Deal and creation of Social Security system.

Answer 388

Advanced the Old Age Revolving Pension Plan, which proposed that every retired person over 60 receive a pension of $200 a month (about twice the average week's salary). It required that the money be spent within the month.

Answer 389

Spanish explorer of the 16th century. Travelled through the southwest, and 'discovered' the Grand Canyon.

Answer 390

Negotiated by Ben Franklin, brought French into war on Americans' side. Helped determine outcome of war.

Answer 391

President from 1933 to 1945, elected 4 times. Launched the New Deal, held fireside chats explaining them. Supported the Allies with his Four Freedoms speech. After Pearl Harbor entered the war snd started the Manhattan Project. Neogitated the Yalta Agreement. Died just before the end of the war.

Answer 392

Fourteenth President - Democratic president from New Hampshire - Supported Manifest Destiny despite Northern concerns that it would lead to the spread of slavery. - Signed the Kansas-Nebraska Act - Sent Commodore Matthew Perry into Japan to open the country to diplomacy and commerce (Treaty of Kanagawa) - Opened Canada to greater trade - Pierceâ€™s diplomats failed in their attempt to purchase Cuba from Spain, leading to the drafting of the Ostend Manifesto.

Answer 393

1933-1945, Democrat, "forgotten man," broke two term rule, platform - prohibition, help farmers, prevent fraud, balanced budget, decrease public spending, third election - two groups: "Defend America by Aiding the Allies" and "America First"

Answer 394

An escaped slave who became a prominent speaker for Abolitionist movement.

Answer 395

Declared America no longer had a frontier, changed American psyche completely. (1893)

Answer 396

An economic system characterized by private ownership of property and productive resources, the profit motive to stimulate production, competition to ensure efficiency, and the forces of supply and demand to direct the production and distribution of goods and services.

Answer 397

The Free Soil Party was a short-lived political party in the United States organized in 1840 that faded out by about 1856. Its main purpose was opposing the extension of slavery into the territories, as well as advocating the abolition of slavery itself.

Answer 398

1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs

Answer 399

White and Black Northerners who rode busses into the South to challenge racial segregation. Regularly attacked, seldom protected.

Answer 400

During L-D debate, Lincoln asked if the people of a territory voted against slavery despite Supreme Court, who would prevail. Douglas said the people.

Answer 401

The colonies needed help from Europe in their war against Britain. France was Britain's rival and hoped to weaken Britain by causing her to lose the American colonies. The French were persuaded to support the colonists by news of the American victory at the Battle of Saratoga. - France aided the U.S. in the American Revolution, and the U.S. agreed to aid France if the need ever arose. Although France could have used American aid during the French Revolution, the U.S. didn't do anything to help. The U.S. didn't fulfill their part of the agreement until World War I.

Answer 402

Part of the Seven Yearsâ€™ War in Europe. Britain and France fought for control of the Ohio Valley and Canada. The Algonquians, who feared British expansion into the Ohio Valley, allied with the French. The Mohawks also fought for the French while the rest of the Iroquois Nation allied with the British. The colonies fought under British commanders. Britain eventually won, and gained control of all the remaining French possessions in Canada, as well as India. Spain, which had allied with France, ceded Florida to Britain, but received Louisiana in return.

Answer 403

(DDE) a French colony that included Vietnam , Laos, and Cambodia, but Vietminh captured the fRench fortress of Dien Bien Phy, North was a Communist State, south independent, they wanted to resist of Communism

Answer 404

(WW) , Harry Garfield, Like the Food Administration, the Fuel Administration encouraged Americans to save fuel with "heatless Mondays" and "gasless Sundays." The actions helped create a sum of $21 billion to pay for the war.

Answer 405

A law passed as part of the Compromise of 1850, which provided southern slaveholders with legal weapons to capture slaves who had escaped to the free states. The law was highly unpopular in the North and helped to convert many previously indifferent northerners to antislavery.

Answer 406

Scholarships for the exchange of students between US and other nations.

Answer 407

Steamboat faster than any other form of transportation at the time, revolutionized industry.

Answer 408

In 1639 the Connecticut River colony settlers had an open meeting and they established a constitution called the Fundamental Orders. It made a Democratic government. It was the firdst constitution in the colonies and was a beginning for the other states' charters and constitutions.

Answer 409

Based on the natural laws of supply and demand and Adam Smithâ€™s The Wealth of Nations. (1776) - The government would sell bonds to people. Then so many would be in circulation that they would loose value and the people would sell them back to the government for a profit to the government. - The rich would also benefit because they could buy the cheap bonds to decrease the amount in circulation, increasing the demand, and increasing the value. The rich could then sell them to make a profit.

Answer 410

(GW)This meant that the federal government would pay off its debs at face value, plus accumulated interest which at the time had a total of $54 million. This included the federal government taking on the debts by the states and paying for it as a country. Hamilton's establishment of this act gave the country much needed unity because it brought the states together under the centralized government. This made paper money essentially useless do to inflation.

Answer 411

(MF) 1853, $10 million land purchase in the desert of flat land for the Southern railroad completion in 1853. completes manifest destiny!

Answer 412

(MVB) 18-36-1844, Strict rule passed by prosouthern Congressmen in 1836 to prohibit all discussion of slavery in the House of Representatives

Answer 413

(WJC) "dont ask, dont tell", end ban of homosexual in military, but under conditions 1) no open engagement, 2) remained quiet about orientation

Answer 414

In July, 1936, Gen. Fransisco Franco and other army leaders staged a coup and installed a right-wing fascist government, touching off a civil war between loyalist Republican forces (aided by Russia) and Franco's Fascist party (aided by Mussolini and Hitler).

Answer 415

1916 - Villa attacked Columbus, New Mexico and Pershing was directed to follow him into Mexico by America because he was leading an American front. Pershing met with resistance and eventually left without finding Pancho Villa.

Answer 416

(GW), refused to give aid Washington objected to this French ministers plan to hire American Privateers to fight on the high seas for France and against England.

Answer 417

(TR) , 1907 Agreement when Japan agreed to curb the number of workers coming to the US and in exchange Roosevelt agreed to allow the wives of the Japenese men already living in the US to join them

Answer 418

Headed the Committee on Public Information

Answer 419

Was the Commander of the US Asiatic Squadron in Hong Kong when he was ordered to go to the Phillipines in the event of a war. He was victorious over an attacking Spanish fleet but was unable to continue battle on land due to insufficient numbers and had to wait for backup to slowly assemble in America.

Answer 420

President in 88, broke campaign pledge to not raise taxes, presided over the first Gulf War, lost to Clinton due to recession.

Answer 421

King George the third was the king of England in the 1770's.Though he was a good man he was not a good ruler. He lost all of the 13 American colonies and caused America to start to gain its freedom.

Answer 422

(containment) A member of the State Department, he felt that the best way to keep Communism out of Europe was to confront the Russians wherever they tried to spread their power.

Answer 423

Secretary of State after WWII, oversaw Marshall Plan for Europe. Received Nobel prize.

Answer 424

A Union general in the Civil War. - In 1861 he was commander of the Army of the Potomac (name of the Union Army). He was an excellent drillmaster and organizer of troops but he was also a perfectionist and would always believe he was outnumbered. He never took risks, and held the army for months until Lincoln ordered him to advance.

Answer 425

Lost election to Nixon, was a liberal democrat opposed to involvement in Vietnam.

Answer 426

Elected over Al Gore after charges of irregularities in counting of votes in Florida. War in Afghanistan after 9/11, Iraq war, financial crisis, etc.

Answer 427

Alabama govenor who opposed integration. National Guard forced him to back down when he tried to block entry into the U. of Alabama.

Answer 428

Founding father, commander of revolutionary army, first president. Considered the father of his country.

Answer 429

First black scientist to gain national prominence.

Answer 430

Founded by James Oglethorpe for those burdened by debt. The English used the colony as a buffer between the propserpous Carolinas and the French and Spaniards.

Answer 431

Became President when Nixon resigned. Pardoned Nixon and lost to Carter in 1976.

Answer 432

Wave of German/Irish immigration in 1840s-50s that was met with wave of resentment due to competition for jobs. Irish especially, for Catholicism.

Answer 433

An Apache leader who was one of the last to lead Native Americans against white settlers.

Answer 434

(AL) 1863 (meade and lee), July 1-3, 1863, turning point in war, Union victory, most deadly battle

Answer 435

Major speech delivered by Lincoln during the Civil War ('Fore score and seven years ago… government of the people, by the people and for the people shall not perish from the Earth."

Answer 436

Law granting educational and other benefits to vetrans.

Answer 437

Nickname for US soldiers during WWII. GI short for government issue.

Answer 438

Congress alone is allowed to control interstate commerce.

Answer 439

The Gilded Age (c.1876–1914) was a period of intense economic development and wealth transfer in the United States. Following the generation of the American Civil War and Reconstruction of the South, this period corresponded with the Second Industrial Revolution and the greatest economic, territorial, industrial, and population expansion in American history. The explosion of commerce and heavy industry, supported by mercantilist economic policies and federal railway subsidies, the innovation of new techniques in steel production and the use of electric power, and the continued development of the American West catalyzed dramatic social changes, created a number of immensely wealthy businessmen, the "Robber Barons", and also galvanized the American Labor Movement.

Answer 440

From speech by Patrick Henry urging American colonies to revolt against England.

Answer 441

Bloodless revolution in England that overthrew King James II and replaced him with William and Mary. Ended Dominion of England, Massachusetts became a royal colony, and it inspired the Americans for their own revolution.

Answer 442

When gold was discovered in California, it led to a massive migration to the state. These miners pushed for statehood.

Answer 443

1933 (FDR)

Answer 444

Carnegie was an American millionaire and philanthropist who donated large sums of money for public works. His book argued that the wealthy have an obligation to give something back to society.

Answer 445

(RR) , It provided automatic spending cuts, balancing budget act

Answer 446

(AJohn) , Law that excused a voter from a literacy test if his father or grandfather had been eligible to vote on January 1, 1867

Answer 447

Grangers state legislatures in 1874 passed law fixing maximum rates for freight shipments. The railroads responded by appealing to the Supreme Court to declare these laws unconstitutional.

Answer 448

The Great Awakening was a religious revival held in the 1730's and 1740's to modivate the colonial America. Modivational speakers such as Jonathan Edwards and George Whitefield helped to bring Americans together.

Answer 449

It resolved between the small and large states that there would be representation by population in the House of Representatives, and equal representation would exist in the Senate (2 senators each). All tax bills and revenues would originate in the House. This compromise combined the needs of both large and small states and formed a fair and sensible resolution to their problems. (1787)

Answer 450

(HH) , starting with collapse of the US stock market in 1929, period of worldwide economic stagnation and depression. Heavy borrowing by European nations from USA during WW1 contributed to instability in European economies. Sharp declines in income and production as buying and selling slowed down. Widespread unemployment, countries raised tariffs to protect their industries. America stopped investing in Europe. Lead to loss of confidence that economies were self adjusting, HH was blamed for it

Answer 451

Flood of Puritan immigants from Europe to the Massachusetts Bay Colony from 1629-42.

Answer 452

(WW) , movement of over 300,000 African American from the rural south into Northern cities between 1914 and 1920

Answer 453

President Johnson called his 1`version of the Democratic reform program the Great Society. In 1965, Congress passed many Great Society measures, including Medicare, civil rights legislation, and federal aid to education.

Answer 454

1907-1909 - Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power. Also to pressure Japan into the "Gentlemen's Agreement."

Answer 455

(JG) Political party that farmers sought refuge in at first, combined inflationary appeal of earlier Greenabackers w/ program for improving labor

Answer 456

(AL) , Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war (plural)

Answer 457

(RR) 1983, America wanted to rid the communist pressure in Grenada, Castro threats revolution in the Americas, Organization of Eastern Carribean States ask for US intervention, America remain long enough to remove Cuba supported govt from power and stop civil war, major sucess, earned credibility throughout Caribbean Basin

Answer 458

1965 Court decision that overturned CT law making it illegal to use or disseminate information about contraceptives.

Answer 459

President 1885 and 1893 (2 non-consecutive terms). Fought against corruption and tried to solve national financial problems.

Answer 460

In August 1942, American forces gained a foothold on Guadalcanal Island, the Solomon Islands, in an attempt to protect the lifeline from America to Australia through the Southwest Pacific. After several desperate sea battles for naval control, the Japanese troops evacuated Guadalcanal in February 1943.

Answer 461

Required Mexico to cede the American southwest, including New Mexico, Colorado, Utah, Arizona, Nevada, and California, to the U.S. The U.S. gave Mexico $15 million in exchange, so that it would not look like conquest.

Answer 462

(LBJ) , The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution was a joint resolution of the U.S. Congress passed on August 7, 1964 in direct response to a minor naval engagement known as the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. It is of historical significance because it gave U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by Congress, for the use of military force in Southeast Asia.

Answer 463

In 1924, founded The American Mercury, which featured works by new writers and much of Mencken's criticism on American taste, culture, and language. He attacked the shallowness and conceit of the American middle class.

Answer 464

(TR) , 1899 (first under McKinley) conference at which the Great Powers discussed arms reduction, demonstrated internationalism

Answer 465

(RR) 1990s, had 30 year dictatorship, soon ends, then Bertrand Aristide overthrows with military, and UN awith US use mandate to restore constituional rule and Aristide's presidency.

Answer 466

In 1662, the Halfway Covenant allowed partial church membership rights to persons not yet converted into the Puritan church. It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members. Women soon made up a larger portion of Puritan congregations.

Answer 467

Most home runs until Babe Ruth

Answer 468

Major incidents of corruption in government that occurred while Harding was president. Most notable, lease of federally owned oil reserve land to private interests in return for bribes.

Answer 469

(JB), 1859 John Brown's scheme to invade the South with armed slaves, backed by sponsoring, northern abolitionists; seized the federal arsenal; Brown and remnants were caught by Robert E. Lee and the US Marines; Brown was hanged

Answer 470

She wrote the abolitionist book, Uncle Tom's Cabin. It helped to crystallize the rift between the North and South. It has been called the greatest American propaganda novel ever written, and helped to bring about the Civil War.

Answer 471

Helped hundreds of slaves escape to freedom by way of the Underground railroad.

Answer 472

Harrison defeat Tecumseh at Battle of Tippecanoe. (1811)

Answer 473

President 1945-1953 after FDR died in final months of WWII. Made decision to drop bomb on Japan. Enthusiastically supported the UN and put forward the Marshall Plan. Sent troops to support UN in Korean war.

Answer 474

A secret convention of Federalists held in Hartford to discuss their party status and War of 1812. When they wrote their â€œresolutionsâ€ and considered secession, many viewed them as traitors, which ultimately led to the downfall of their party. (1814)

Answer 475

Founded in 1636, it was the first college in the colonies.

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