FSOT Master 10 Flashcards
(500 cards)
1
Q
Capital of Vanuatu
A
NAME?
2
Q
Capital of Vatican City (Holy See)
A
NAME?
3
Q
Capital of Venezuela
A
NAME?
4
Q
Capital of Vietnam
A
NAME?
5
Q
Capital of Yemen
A
NAME?
6
Q
Capital of Zambia
A
NAME?
7
Q
Capital of Zimbabwe
A
NAME?
8
Q
Capri
A
Island in the bay of Naples in Southern Italy
9
Q
Caspian sea
A
Salwater lake between Europe and Asia, bordered by Azerbaijan, Russia and Kazakhstan, Iran.
10
Q
Caucasus
A
Mountain range extending from the Black Sea to the Caspian Sea.
11
Q
channel
A
wide strait or waterway between two land masses that close to each other, deep part of a river or other waterway
12
Q
Chechnya
A
Muslim region of Soutehrn Russia, which declared independence, but Russian troops blocked that.
13
Q
cliff
A
steep, high wall of rock, earth or ice
14
Q
Congo River
A
River of Central Africa, flowing through Congo to the Atlantic Ocean
15
Q
continet
A
one of the seven large landmasses on the earth
16
Q
Crimea
A
Peninsula in the extreme southern Ukraine in the Black Sea.
17
Q
Danube
A
Source: Black Forest, Germany
Outflow: Black Sea
18
Q
Danube River
A
Second longest European river through central and SE Europe.
19
Q
Darling
A
Source: Eastern Highlands, Australia
Outflow: Murray River
20
Q
Dead sea
A
Salt lake on the border between Israel and Jordan. Lowest point of dry land on earth.
21
Q
delta
A
flat, low-lying land built up from soil carried downstream by a river a deposited at its mouth
22
Q
divide
A
stretch of high land that seperates river systems
23
Q
downstream
A
direction in witch a river or stream flows from its source to its mouth
24
Q
Elbe river
A
River in central Europe, flowing from NW Czech to North sea
25
elevation
height of land above sea level
26
Equator
Imaginary line that runs around the earth halfway between south and north poles
27
Euphrates river
Flows through Turkey, Syria, Iraq and into the Persian gulf. Important to development of many great civilizations.
28
Ganges
Source: Himalayas
Outflow: Bay of Bengal
29
glacier
large, thick body of slowly moving ice
30
gulf
part of a large basin of water that extends into a shoreline, generally bigger than a bay
31
harbor
a sheltered place along the shoreline where ships can anchor safely
32
highland
elevated land area such as a hill, mountian, or plateau
33
hill
elevated land with sloping sides and rounded summit, generally smaller than a mountian
34
Indus
Source: Himalayan Mountains, Tibet
Outflow: Arabian Sea
35
island
land area, smaller than a continent, completely surrounded by water
36
isthmus
narrow stretch of land connecting two larger land areas
37
lake
a sizable inland body of water
38
Lake Victoria
Largest lake in Africa. It is on the Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya border.
39
latitude
distance north or south of equator, measured in degrees
40
Lena
Source: Baikal Mountains, Russia
Outflow: Arctic Ocean
41
longitude
distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees
42
lowland
land, usually level, at a low elevation
43
Mackenzie
Source: Finlay River, British Columbia
Outflow: Beaufort Sea
44
map
drawing of the earth shown on a flat surface
45
Mekong
Source: Tibetan Highlands
Outflow: South China Sea
46
meridian
one of many lines on the global grid running from the North pole to the South pole, used to measure degrees of longitude
47
mesa
broad, flat- topped landform with steep sides, smaller than a plateau
48
Mississippi
Source: Lake Itasca, Minnesota
Outflow: Gulf of Mexico
49
Missouri
Source: Confluence of Gallatin, Jefferson, and Madison rivers in Montana
Outflow: Mississippi River
50
mountain
land with steep sides that rises sharply 1,000ft or more, from a surrounding land, larger than a hill
51
mountain peak
pointed top a mountain
52
mountain range
a series of connected mountians
53
mouth
place where a stream or river flows into a larger body of water
54
Murray
Source: Australian Alps, New South Wales
Outflow: Indian Ocean
55
Name the 3 deserts of Africa from north to south.
Sahara, Namib, Kalahari
56
Name the capital and bordering countries / oceans of Canada.
Ottowa. North Pacific Ocean, Artic Ocean, Greenland (Denmark), Baffin Bay, Hudson Bay, Atlantic, U.S.
57
Name the capital and bordering countries of American Samoa.
Pago Pago. South Pacific Ocean. Near Samoa.
58
Name the capital and bordering countries of Andorra.
Andorra La Vella. Spain, France.
59
Name the capital and bordering countries of Angola.
Luanda. South Atlantic Ocean. Republic of the Congo, Democratic Republic of Congo, Zambia, Namibia.
60
Name the capital and bordering countries of Argentina.
Buenos Aires. Chile, Bolivia, Paraguay, Brazil, Uruguay, South Atlantic Ocean. Contains the Rio Parana.
61
Name the capital and bordering countries of Armenia.
Yerevan. Georgia, AZERBAIJAN, Iran, Turkey.
62
Name the capital and bordering countries of Australia.
Canberra. Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean, Near East Timor, Papa New Guinea, Indonesia.
63
Name the capital and bordering countries of Austria.
Vienna (on the Danube river). Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, Slovenia, Italy, Switzedrland, Liechtenstein.
64
Name the capital and bordering countries of Azerbaijan.
Baku (on the Caspian Sea). Iran, Armenia, Georgia, Russia.
65
Name the capital and bordering countries of Bahrain.
Manama. In the Gulf of Bahrain (Persian Gulf) near Saudi Aurabia, Qatar.
66
Name the capital and bordering countries of Bangladesh.
Dhaka. India, Burma, and Bay of bengal (Indian Ocean). Contains Ganges , Meghna, and Jamuna Rivers.
67
Name the capital and bordering countries of Belarus.
Minsk. Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia.
68
Name the capital and bordering countries of Belgium.
Brussels. North Sea, Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg, France.
69
Name the capital and bordering countries of Belize.
Belmopan. Mexico, Guatemala, Caribbean sea.
70
Name the capital and bordering countries of Benin.
Porto Novo. Togo, Burkina Faso, Niger, Nigeria, Atlantic Ocean.
71
Name the capital and bordering countries of Bhutan.
Thimphu. China, India.
72
Name the capital and bordering countries of Bolivia.
La Paz. Chile, Peru, Brazil, Paraguay, Argentina.
73
Name the capital and bordering countries of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Sarajevo. Croatia, Serbia and Montenegro, Adriatic Sea.
74
Name the capital and bordering countries of Botswana.
Gaborone. Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Namibia.
75
Name the capital and bordering countries of Brazil.
Brazilia. Uruguay, Argentina, Paraguay, Peru, Colombia, Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, North Atlantic Ocean. Contains Amazon and Parana rivers.
76
Name the capital and bordering countries of Bulgaria.
Sofia. Romania (seperated by the Danube river), The Black Sea, Greece, Turkey, Serbia and Montenegro, Macedonia.
77
Name the capital and bordering countries of Burkina Faso.
Ouagadougou. Niger, Benin, Togo, Ghana, Cote d'Ivorie, Mali. Contains the Black Volta River.
78
Name the capital and bordering countries of Burma.
Rangoon. India, China, Laos, Thailand, Bay of Bengal (Indian Ocean)
79
Name the capital and bordering countries of Burundi.
Bujumbura. Rwanda, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania.
80
Name the capital and bordering countries of Cambodia.
Phnom Penh. Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Gulf of Thailand (Indian Ocean). Contains the Mekong river.
81
Name the capital and bordering countries of Cameroon.
Yaounde. Nigeria, Chad, Central African Republic, Gabon, Republic of the Congo, Equitorial Guinea, Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean).
82
Name the capital and bordering countries of Central African Republic.
Bangui. Chad, Sudan, Democratic Republic of Congo, Cameroon, Republic of Congo.
83
Name the capital and bordering countries of Chad.
N'Djamena. Libya, C.A.R, Cameroon, Niger, Nigeria, Sudan. Contains Lake Chad.
84
Name the capital and bordering countries of Chile.
Santiago. South Pacific Ocean, Peru, Bolivia, Argentina, South Atlantic Ocean via Straight of Magellan.
85
Name the capital and bordering countries of China.
Beijing. Mongolia, Russsia, Vietnam, Burma, Laos, Bhutan, Nepal, India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgystan, Kazakhstan, North Korea, South China Sea, East China Sea, Yellow Sea, Sea of Japan. Contains, Yellow, Mekong, Pearl, and Yangtze rivers.
86
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Kenya.
Nairobi. Tanzania, Ethiopia, Somolia, Sudan, Uganda, Indian ocean, lake Victoria.
87
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Kuwait.
Kuwait. Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Persian Gulf. Near Iran.
88
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Kyrgystan.
Bishkek. Uzbekistan, China, Khazakstan, Tajikistan. Contains Naryn River.
89
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Laos.
Vientiane. Thailand (border is Mekong river), China, Vietnam, Cambodia, Burma.
90
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Latvia.
Riga. Estonia, Lituania, Baltic Sea, Russia, Belarus.
91
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Lebanon.
Beirut. Mediterranean Sea, Syria, Israel.
92
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Lebanon.
Beirut. Mediterranean Sea, Syria, Israel.
93
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Lesotho.
Maseru. South Africa.
94
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Liberia.
Monrovia. Sierra Leone, Cote d'Ivorie, Guniea, Atlantic Ocean.
95
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Libya.
Tripoli. Egypt, Sudan, Chad, Tunesia, Algeria, Niger, Mediterranean Sea.
96
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Liechtenstein.
Vaduz. Switzerland, Austria.
97
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Lithuania.
Vilnius. Russia, Latvia, Poland, Belarus, Baltic Sea.
98
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Luxembourg.
Luxembourg. Belgium, Germany, France.
99
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Macedonia.
Skopje. Serbia and Montenegro, Greece, Albania, Bulgaria. Contains Vardar river.
100
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Madagascar.
Antananarivo. Near Comoros in Indian ocean.
101
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Malawi.
Lilongwe. Zambia, Tanzania, Mozambique, Lake Nyasa. Contains Shire river.
102
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Malaysia.
Kuala Lumpur. Thailand, Brunei, Indonesia, Singapore. Near Vietnam and Philippines in South China Sea.
103
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Maldives.
Male. Near India in Indian Ocean.
104
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Mali.
Bamako. Guinea, Senegal, Algeria, Niger, Mauritania, Cote d'Ivorie, Burkina Faso. Contains Niger river.
105
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Malta.
Valletta. Mediterranean sea. Former UK colony, now EU member.
106
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Mauritania.
Nouakchott. Western Sahara, Mali, Algeria, Senegal (border is Senegal river), North Atlantic.
107
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Mexico.
Mexico City. United States, Guatemala, Belize, Pacific ocean, mediterranean sea.
108
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Moldova.
Chisinau. Romania, Ukraine.
109
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Mongolia.
Ulaanbaatar. China, Russia. Contains part of Gobi Desert.
110
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Morocco.
Casablanca. Western Sahara, Algeria, Spain, Atlantic ocean, mediterranean sea.
111
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Mozambique.
Maputo. Malawi, Zambia, Tanzania, Zimbabwe, Swaziland, South Africa, Indian Ocean, Lake Nyasa. Contains Zambezi River.
112
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Namibia.
Windhoek. Botswana, South Africa, Angola, Zambia, South Atlantic Ocean. Contains Kalahari and Namib Deserts.
113
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Nepal.
Kathmandu. China, India. Contains Mt. Everest.
114
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Netherlands.
Amsterdam. Belgium, Germany, North Sea.
115
Name the Capital and bordering countries of New Zealand.
Wellington. South Pacific Ocean near Australia.
116
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Nicaragua.
Managua. Costa Rica, Honduras, Mediterranean Sea, Pacific Ocean.
117
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Niger.
Niamey. Nigeria, Algeria, Libya, Chad, Burkina Faso, Benin, Mali, Contains Niger River And part of sahara desert.
118
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Nigeria.
Abuja. Chad, Niger, Cameroon, Benin, Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean). Contains Benue and Niger Rivers. Former English Colony. Member of OPEC.
119
Name the Capital and bordering countries of North Korea.
Pyongyang. Russia, China, South Korea, Sea of Japan (Pacific Ocean). Near Japan.
120
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Norway.
Oslo. Sweden, Finland, Russia, North Sea, Baltic Sea, Barents Sea.
121
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Oman.
Muscat. Saudi Arabia, Yemen, UAE, Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea.
122
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Pakistan.
Islamabad. Afghanistan, India, China, Iran, Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean), Contains Indus River.
123
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Panama.
Panama City. Colombia, Costa Rica, mediterranean Sea, Pacific Ocean. Contains Panama Canal.
124
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Papua New Guinea.
Port Moresby. Indonesia, Coral Sea (Pacific Ocean). Near Australia.
125
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Paraguay.
Asuncion. Brazil (Rio Parana forms part of border), Argentina, Bolivia.
126
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Peru.
Lima. Pacific Ocean. Equador, Colombia, Bolivia, Chile, Brazil. Contains source of Amazon River and Lake Titicaca.
127
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Philippines.
Manila. South Pacific Ocean. Near Malaysia, Indonesia, China, Taiwan.
128
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Poland.
Warsaw. Baltic Sea, Russia, Belarus, Germany, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine, Lithuania. Contains Vistula and Oder Rivers.
129
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Portugal.
Lisbon. Spain, Atlantic Ocean.
130
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Puerto Rico.
San Juan. Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Spanish colony ceded to US after spanish-american war.
131
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Qatar.
Doha. Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, UAE, Persian Gulf.
132
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Romania.
Bucharest. Hungary, Ukraine, Bulgaria, Black Sea, Moldova, Serbia and Montenegro (across Danube River).
133
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Russia.
Moscow. China, Mongolia, Ukraine, Kazakistan, Belarus, Finland, Norway, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia, Georgia, Azerbaijan. Near Japan.
134
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Rwanda.
Kigali. Uganda, Brundi, DPR Congo, Tanzania, lake Kivu.
135
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Sao Tome and Principe.
Sao Tome. Gulf of Guinea near Equitorial Guinea.
136
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Saudi Arabia.
Riyadh. Yemen, Oman, UAE, Qatar, Kuwait, Iraq, Jordan, Persian Gulf, Red Sea. Near Israel, Egypt, Iran, Eritrea, Sudan.
137
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Senegal.
Dakar. The Gambia, Mali, Mauritania, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Atlantic Ocean. Former French Colony liberated 1960.
138
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Serbia and Montenegro.
Belgrade. Bosnia and Hertzegovina, Croatia, Albania, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Adriatic Sea. Part of former Yugoslavia, contains Kosovo and the Danube, Save, and Drina Rivers.
139
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Seychelles.
Victoria. In Indian ocean near Comoros, Madagascar. Independant from UK in 1976.
140
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Sierra Leone.
Freetown. Liberia, Guinea, Atlantic Ocean. Former UK Colony freed in 1961.
141
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Singapore.
Singpore. Malaysia, Indian Ocean, Indonesia (across Singapore Strait). Freed from UK in 1963.
142
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Slovakia.
Bratislava. Czech Republic, Poland, Ukraine, Austria, Hungary (Danube river forms partial border), Contains Vah river.
143
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Slovenia.
Ljubljana. Italy, Austria, Croatia, Hungary, Gulf of Venice (Adriatic Sea).
144
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Somalia.
Mogadishu. Ethiopia, Djibouti, Kenya, Red Sea, Indian Ocean.
145
Name the Capital and bordering countries of South Africa.
Pretoria. Swaziland, Lesotho, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique. Free from UK in 1910, republic in 1961.
146
Name the Capital and bordering countries of South Korea.
Seoul. North Korea, Sea of Japan (Pacific Ocean). Near Japan, China, Russia.
147
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Spain.
Madrid. Portugal, France, Andorra, Morocco, Pacific Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Gibraltar (UK outpost), contains Tagus River.
148
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Sri Lanka.
Colombo. Bay of Bengal (Indian Ocean)near India and Maldives.
149
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Sri Lanka.
Colombo. Bay of Bengal (Indian Ocean)near India and Maldives.
150
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Sudan.
Khartoum. Egypt, Libya, Chad, CAR, DPR Congo, Uganda, Kenya, Eritria, Ethiopia, Red Sea. Contains Nile River (White and Blue forks).
151
Name the Capital and bordering countries of Suriname.
Paramaribo. French Guiana, Brazil, Guyana, North Atlantic Ocean.
152
Name the capital and bordering countries of The Bahamas.
Nassau. In North Atlantic ocean near US (florida) and Cuba.
153
Name the capital and countries that border Albania.
Tirana. Adriatic Sea, Serbia & Montenegro, Macedonia, Greece.
154
Name the capital and countries that border Algeria.
Algiers. Mediterranean Sea, Tunesia, Libya, Niger,Mali, Mauritania, Western Sahara, Morocco.
155
Name the Capital and neighboring countries of Colombia.
Bogota. Caribbean Sea, Venezuela, Brazil, Panama, Ecuador, Peru, Pacific Ocean. Amazon River forms part of the border with Peru.
156
Name the Capital and neighboring countries of Costa Rica.
San Jose. Nicaragua, Panama, Caribbean Sea, Pacific Ocean.
157
Name the Capital and neighboring countries of Cote d'Ivorie.
Yamoussoukro. Ghana, Burkina Faso, Liberia, Atlantic Ocean, Guinea, Mali.
158
Name the Capital and neighboring countries of Croatia.
Zagreb. Slovenia, Adriatic Sea, Sebia and Montenegro (Danube river forms the border), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Hungary.
159
Name the Capital and neighboring countries of Czech Republic.
Prague. Germany, Slovakia, Poland, Austria. Contains the Elbe river.
160
Name the Capital and neighboring countries of Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Kinshasa. Republic of the Congo (Congo River makes a large part of the border), Angola, Tanzania (across lake Tanganyika), Rwanda, Brundi, C.A.R., Uganda, Sudan, Zambia. Contains Lualaba river.
161
Name the Capital and neighboring countries of Denmark.
Copenhagen. North Sea, Baltic Sea, Germany, cose to Sweden.
162
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Djibouti.
Djibouti. Eritrea, Somolia, Ethiopia, Red Sea.
163
Name the capital and neighboring countries of East Timor.
Dili. Indonesia, Timor Sea, Banda Sea (south Pacific Ocean).
164
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Ecuador.
Quito. Columbia, Peru, Pacific Ocean.
165
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Egypt.
Cairo. Israel, Gaza Strip, Saudi Arabia (across red sea), Jordan, Sudan, Libya, Mediterranean sea.
166
Name the capital and neighboring countries of El Salvador.
San Salvador. Honduras, Guatemala, Pacific Ocean.
167
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Equatorial Guinea.
Malabo. Cameroon, Gabon, Gulf of Guinea.
168
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Eritrea.
Asmara. Red Sea, Sudan, Djibouti, Ethiopia.
169
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Estonia.
Tallinn. Baltic Sea, Latvia, Russia, Finland (across gulf of Finland).
170
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Ethiopia.
Addis Ababa. Sudan, Djibouti, Eritrea, Somolia, Kenya. Contains source of the Blue Nile & the great rift valley.
171
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Fiji.
Suva. South Pacific Ocean.
172
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Finland.
Helinski. Russia, North Sea, Sweden, Norway, Estonia (across gulf of Finland), Baltic Sea.
173
Name the capital and neighboring countries of France.
Paris (on the Seine river). Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany (Rhine river forms part of the border), Switzerland, Italy, Spain, Andorra, English Channel (North Atlantic), Mediterranean Sea. Also contains the Rhone river.
174
Name the capital and neighboring countries of French Guiana.
Cayenne. North Atlantic Ocean, Suriname, Brazil. The only non-independant state in South America.
175
Name the capital and neighboring countries of French Polynesia.
Papeete. South Pacific ocean. France conducted nuclear tests here as recently as 1996.
176
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Gabon.
Libreville. Atlantic Ocean, Equitorial Guiana, Cameroon, Republic of the congo.
177
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Gabon.
Libreville. Atlantic Ocean, Equitorial Guiana, Cameroon, Republic of the congo.
178
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Georgia.
Tblisi (on the Mlkvari River). Russia (across the caucas mountains), Black Sea, Armenia, Turkey, Azerbaijan.
179
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Germany.
Berlin (on the Elbe river). Poland, France, Czech Republic, Switzerland, Austria, Denmark, Neatherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, North Sea, Baltic Sea. Also contains the Danube and Rhine rivers.
180
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Ghana.
Accra. Togo, Cote d'Ivorie, Burkina Faso, Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic). Contains Lake Volta.
181
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Greece.
Athens. Macedonia, Albania, Turkey, Bulgaria, Ionian Sea, Aegean Sea, Sea of Crete, Mediterranean Sea.
182
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Guatemala.
Guatemala City. Mexico, Honduras, El Salvador, Belize, Pacific Ocean, Mediterranean Sea.
183
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Guinea.
Conakry. Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote d'Ivorie, Atlantic Ocean. Contains the Niger River.
184
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Guinea-Bissau.
Bissau. Senegal, Guinea, Atlantic Ocean.
185
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Guyana.
Georgetown. Venezuela, Suriname, Brazil, Atlantic Ocean.
186
Name the Capital and neighboring countries of Italy.
Rome. Monaco, France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, Mediterranean Sea. Contains Po river.
187
Name the Capital and neighboring countries of Jamaica.
Kingston. Carribean sea.
188
Name the Capital and neighboring countries of Japan.
Tokyo. Pacific ocean, near korea, russia, china.
189
Name the Capital and neighboring countries of Jordan.
Amman. Israel, Syria, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Red Sea. Contains Dead Sea and Jordan River.
190
Name the Capital and neighboring countries of Kazakhstan.
Astana. Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgystan, Russia, China, Caspian Sea. Contains Aral sea, Ertis river.
191
Name the Capital and neighboring countries of Republic of the Congo.
Brazzaville. South Atlantic Ocean, Angola, Democratic Republic of Congo (most of border is Congo River), Cameroon, Equitorial Guinea, C.A.R.
192
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Sweden.
Stockholm. Norway, Finland, Baltic Sea, Near Denmark.
193
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Switzerland.
Bern. Italy, France, Germany, Liechtenstein, Austria. Contains the Rhine river.
194
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Syria.
Damascus. Lebanon, Turkey, Israel, Jordan, Iraq, Mediterranean Sea. Contains Euphrates river, small bit of Tigris river.
195
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Tajikistan.
Dushanbe. Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, China, Afghanistan.
196
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Tanzania.
Dar es Salaam. Kenya, Burundi, Mozambique, Zambia, Malawi, Rwanda, Uganda, DPR Congo, Lake Victoria, Indian Ocean, Lake Nyasa.
197
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Thailand.
Bangkok. Burma, Cambodia, Laos, Malaysia, Gulf of Thailand (South China Sea), Strait of Malacca, contains Mekong River.
198
Name the capital and neighboring countries of the Dominican Republic.
Santo Domingo. Haiti, North Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea.
199
Name the capital and neighboring countries of The Gambia.
Banjul. Senegal, Atlantic Ocean. Contains the Gambia river delta.
200
Name the capital and neighboring countries of the United Arab Emirates.
Abu Dhabi. Saudi Arabia, Oman, Persian Gulf, near Qatar.
201
Name the capital and neighboring countries of the US Virgin Islands.
Charlotte Amalie. North Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea.
202
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Togo.
Lome. Burkina Faso, Benin, Ghana, Gulf of Guinea (Atlantic Ocean).
203
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Tunisia.
Tunis. Libya, Algeria, Mediterranean Sea. Independent from france in 1956. Best arab nation on womens rights.
204
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Turkey.
Ankara. Greece, Bulgaria, Syria, Iraq, Turkmenistan, Georgia, Armenia, Iran, Azerbaijan, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea, Aegean Sea, Bosporus Strait, Dardanelles, contains source of Tigris and Euphrates rivers.
205
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Turkmenistan.
Ashgabat. Iran, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Caspian Sea, Amu Darya River.
206
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Uganda.
Kampala. DPR Congo, Rwanda, Lake Victoria, Sudan, Tanzania, Kenya, Victoria branch of the Nile River. Independant from the UK in 1962.
207
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Ukraine.
Kiev. Romania, Russia, Moldova, Slovakia, Hungary, Poland, Belarus, the Black Sea.
208
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Uruguay.
Montevideo. Brazil, Argentina, Atlantic Ocean, Rio Negro.
209
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Uzbekistan.
Tashkent. Kazakistan, Turkmenistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Aral Sea.
210
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Venezuela.
Caracas. Colombia, Brazil, Guyana, Mediterranean Sea, Trinidad and Tobago, Aruba, Grenada, Barbados.
211
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Vietnam.
Hanoi. China, Laos, Cambodia, South China Sea.
212
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Western Sahara.
Morocco, Mauritania, Algeria, Atlantic Ocean. It is currently claimed by Morocco and has no capital.
213
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Yemen.
Sanaa. Saudi Arabia, Oman, Red Sea, Djibouti, Eritrea, Somolia, Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean).
214
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Zambia.
Lusaka. DPR Congo, Malawi, Angola, Botswana, Nambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Tanzania, contains Zambezi river. Independant from UK in 1964.
215
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Zimbabwe.
Harare. Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Botswana, South Africa. Independant from UK circa 1961.
216
Name the capital and neighboring countries of Zimbabwe.
Harare. Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Botswana, South Africa. Independant from UK circa 1961.
217
Name the countries that feed into the Amazon River.
Brazil, Peru, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Venezuela
218
Name the countries that feed into the Nile River.
Sudan, Ethiopia, Egypt, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi, Eritrea, Democratic Republic of the Congo
219
Nile
Source: Lake Victoria, Africa
Outflow: Mediterranean Sea
220
North sea
Part of Atlantic, NW of Central Europe
221
ocean
one of the four major bodies of salt water that surround the continents
222
ocean current
stream of either cold or warm water that moves in a definite direction through an ocean
223
Orinoco
Source: Serra Parima Mountains in Venezuela
(Serra Parima, Portuguese; Sierra Parima, Spanish)
Outflow: Atlantic Ocean
224
peninsula
body of land jutting into a lake or ocean surrounded on three sides by water
225
physical feature
characteristic of a place occuring naturally, such as a landform, body of water, climate pattern, or resource
226
plain
area of land, usually at low elevation and often covered with grasses
227
plateau
area of flat or rolling land at high elevation, about 300 to 3,000 feet high
228
prime meridian
line of the global grid running from the North to South pole
229
Prussia
Former state in North Central Germany. Once stretched from Netherlands to Lithuania.
230
Purus
Source: Andes Mountains of Peru
Outflow: Amazon River
231
relief
changes in elevation over a given area of land
232
Rhine river
Alps, bordering France and Germany and ending in North Sea.
233
Rhone River
From Geneva, south to Marseilles
234
Rio Grande
Source: San Juan Mountains, Colorado
Outflow: Gulf of Mexico
235
river
large natural stream of water that runs through the land
236
Ruhr Valley
West-central Germany. Its main industrial region
237
sea
large body of water completely or partly surrounded by land
238
seacoast
land lying next to a sea or an ocean
239
sound
broad inland body of water, often between a caostline and one or more islands off the coast
240
source
(of a river) place where a river or stream begins, often in highlands
241
St. Lawrence
Source: Lake Ontario
Outflow: Gulf of St. Lawrence
242
strait
narrow stretch of water joining two larger bodies of water
243
Strait of Magellan
Strait separating South America from Tierra del Fuega and other Islands south of the continent.
244
Thames river
Longest river in England, through Southern England, London to North Sea
245
tributary
small river or stream that flows into a large river or stream a branch of the river
246
upstream
direction opposite the flow of a river, toward the source of a river or stream
247
valley
area of low land usually between hills or mountains
248
volcano
mountain or hill created as liquid rock and ash erupt from inside the earth
249
Volga
Source: Valdai Plateau, Russia
Outflow: Caspian Sea
250
Western Wall
Wall in old city of Jerusalem, formed part of the Temple of Soloman. Visited by Jews as holy place.
251
What are The Narrows?
The entrance to New York Harbor.
252
What body of water does the Danube drain into?
The Black Sea.
253
What countries feed into the Brahmaputra River?
India (58.0%), P.R. China (19.7%), Nepal (9.0%), Bangladesh (6.6%), Disputed India/P.R. China (4.2%), Bhutan (2.4%)
254
What countries feed into the Congo River?
Democratic Republic of the Congo, Central African Republic, Angola, Republic of the Congo, Tanzania, Cameroon, Zambia, Burundi, Rwanda
255
What countries feed into the Danube River?
Romania (28.9%), Hungary (11.7%), Austria (10.3%), Serbia and Montenegro (10.3%), Germany (7.5%), Slovakia (5.8%), Bulgaria (5.2%), Bosnia and Herzegovina (4.8%), Croatia (4.5%), Ukraine (3.8%), Czech Republic (2.6%), Slovenia (2.2%), Moldova (1.7%), Switzerland (0.32%), Italy (0.15%), Poland (0.09%), Albania (0.03%)
256
What countries feed into the Mekong River?
Laos, Thailand, P.R. China, Cambodia, Vietnam, Myanmar
257
What countries feed into the Niger River?
Nigeria, Mali, Niger, Algeria, Guinea, Cameroon, Burkina Faso, Côte d'Ivoire, Benin, Chad
258
What countries have access to the Black Sea?
Romania, Bulgaria, Turkey, Georgia, Russia, Ukraine
259
What countries have access to the Caspian Sea?
Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Iran, Azerbaijan. Russia's Volga river and a canal system links it to the Black Sea.
260
What countries have access to the Dead Sea?
It is on the border between the West Bank, Israel, and Jordan.
261
What is the Capital and neighboring countries of Haiti?
Port-au-Prince. Domincan republic, Atlantic ocean, mediterranean sea, near Cuba.
262
What is the Capital and neighboring countries of Honduras?
Tegucigalpa. Pacific ocean, mediterranean sea, nicaragua, Guatemala, El Salvador.
263
What is the Capital and neighboring countries of Hungary?
Budapest. Austria, Slovakia, Slovenia, Serbia and montenegro, Romania, Croatia, Ukraine. Contains Danube and Tisza rivers.
264
What is the Capital and neighboring countries of India?
New Delhi. Pakistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Bangladesh, Bay of Bengal and Arabian sea (Indian Ocean). Contains Ganges and Indus rivers.
265
What is the Capital and neighboring countries of Indonesia.
Jakarta. Malaysia, East Timor, Indian Ocean, Pacific ocean, Papua New Guinea, near Brunei, Australia and Phillipines.
266
What is the Capital and neighboring countries of Iran.
Tehran. Pakistan, Iraq, Persian Gulf,(Indian Ocean), Caspian Sea, Afghanistan, Turkistan, Azerbaijan, Armenia. Near Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Qatar, UAE.
267
What is the Capital and neighboring countries of Iraq.
Baghdad. Jordan, Kuwait, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, Syria, Persian Gulf. Contains Euphrates and Tigris rivers.
268
What is the Capital and neighboring countries of Ireland.
Dublin. North Ireland (UK), North Atlantic ocean. Near Whales (across irish sea)
269
What is the Capital and neighboring countries of Israel.
Israel says Jerusalem, most of the world says Tel Aviv. Mediterranean Sea, Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Egypt, Red Sea.
270
What is the capital of Afghanistan?
Kabul
271
What is the Korea Strait?
It seperates Korea from Japan, is part of Pacific Ocean. Numerous international shipping lanes pass through the strait, including those carrying much of the traffic bound for the ports of southern South Korea. Both South Korea and Japan have restricted their territorial claims in the strait to 3 nautical miles from shore, so as to permit free passage through it. Passenger ferries ply numerous routes across the strait.
272
What is the longest river in Asia?
The, Yangtze River, with its mouth at Shanghai. It is the third longest in the world after the amazon and the nile.
273
What is the second longest river in the world?
The nile. Only the amazon is longer.
274
What is the territorial signifigance of the Yalu River?
The Amnok River, or the Yalu River, is a river on the border between China and North Korea.
275
What is the world's largest desert?
Antartica. The largest hot desert is the Sahara in North Africa, which is the size of the U.S.
276
What natural features border the Gobi Desert?
The desert basins of the Gobi are bounded by the Altay Mountains and the grasslands and steppes of Mongolia on the north, by the Tibetan Plateau to the southwest, and by the North China Plain to the southeast.
277
What river expels the most water / second?
The Amazon
278
What rivers drain into the gulf of Guinea?
Volta, Congo, and Niger.
279
Where are the Dardanelles?
This strait connects the sea of Mamara to the Mediterranean. It is a passageway for oil coming from the Black Sea. It was the site of the Trojan and Crimean Wars.
280
Where are the Ural Mountains?
Western Russia.
281
Where does the Pearl river meet the sea?
Pearl River, is China's third longest river (2,200 km, after the Yangtze River and the Huang He), and second largest by volume (after the Yangtze). Located in the south, it flows into the South China Sea between Hong Kong and Macau. Its lower reach forms the Pearl River Delta.
282
Where is Sevastopol?
On the Crimean peninsula on the Black Sea in Ukraine.
283
Where is the Barents Sea?
To the North East of Finland, bordering the Artic.
284
Where is the Bosphorus straight?
Located at Istanbul, it connects the Black Sea to the Sea of Mamara, and eventually to the Mediterranean.
285
Where is the Golden Horn?
Istanbul.
286
Where is the White Sea?
The White Sea (Бе́лое мо́ре) is an inlet of the Barents Sea on the North Western coast of Russia. It is surrounded by Karelia to the west, and the Kola peninsula to the north. The important port of Arkhangelsk is located on the White Sea. For much of Russia's history this was Russia's main centre of international maritime trade.
287
Where is the Yellow River
In Northeast China, the mouth is a bit south of Beijing. It is the 7th largest river in the world, running west to east, and draining into the Bohai Sea.
288
Yangtze (Chang Jiang)
Source: Tibetan Plateau, China
Outflow: China Sea
289
Yukon
Source: Confluence of Lewes and Pelly rivers, Yukon Territory
Outflow: Bering Sea
290
of Federal Reserve district banks
12 (with a total of 25 branches)
291
_______ are the two macro factors that seem to underlie the trend toward greater globalization.
The decline in barriers to the free flow of goods, services, and capital
Technological change
292
_______ is the basic message of the theory of comparative advantage.
It makes sense for a country to specialize in the production of those goods that it produces most efficiently and to buy the goods that it products less efficiently from other countries, unless this means buying goods from other countries that it could produce more efficiently itself
293
_______ theory of international trade suggests that the production of products is likely to switch from advanced countries to developing countries over time.
Product life-cycle
294
3 core Classical Trade Theories?
Absolute advantage (natural and acquired)
Comparative advantage (David Ricardo)
Factor Proportions theory ( Heckscher & Ohlin).
Some empirical contradictions (Leontif).
295
45 degree reference line
the line along which planned real expenditures equal real GDP per year
296
5 functions of the Fed?
The Federal Reserve Board controls the supply of money, sets the discount rate, performs open market operations, regulates banks and other financial institutions, and supervises the FDIC.
297
A binding price ceiling is always _________ the price floor.
A binding price ceiling is always below the price floor.
298
A change in price of the specific good in question....
A. Causes the demand curve to shift
B. Causes a movement along the demand curve
B. A change in the price leads to a movement ALONG the demand curve.
299
A decrease in demand for a product causes the demand curve to shift left or right?
LEFT
300
A decrease in supply shifts the supply curve right or left?
LEFT
301
Above the mid-point on a straight-line demand curve, demand is ___________
Elastic
302
Absolute advantage
One person has an absolute advantage over another if he or she takes fewer hours to perform a task than the other person.
303
accelerator effect in economics?
The accelerator effect in economics refers to a positive effect on private fixed investment of the growth of the market economy (measured e.g. by Gross Domestic Product). Rising GDP (an economic boom or prosperity) implies that businesses in general see rising profits, increased sales and cash flow, and greater use of existing capacity. This usually implies that profit expectations and business confidence rise, encouraging businesses to build more factories and other buildings and to install more machinery. (This expenditure is called fixed investment.) This may lead to further growth of the economy through the stimulation of consumer incomes and purchases, i.e., via the multiplier effect.
304
Accommodating policy
A policy that allows the effects of a shock to occur.
305
According to former Secretary of Labor Robert Reich, the propensity of firms to outsource many of their productive activities to different suppliers around the world has resulted in the creation of __________ products.
global
306
According to our textbook, the growing integration of the world economy is:
increasing the intensity of competition in a wide range of manufacturing and service industries
307
According to Smith, countries should specialize in the production of goods for which they have an absolute advantage and then:
prohibit the import of these goods from other countries
308
According to the ______ argument, many developing countries have a potential comparative advantage in manufacturing, but new manufacturing industries there cannot initially compete with well-established industries in developed countries. To allow manufacturing to get a toehold, the argument is that governments should temporarily support new industries (with tariffs, import quotas, and subsidies) until they have grown strong enough to meet international competition.
mature industry
309
According to the author of the textbook, tariffs benefit the following two groups:
producers and consumers.
310
According to the textbook, FDI is expensive because
a firm must establish production facilities in a foreign country or acquire a foreign enterprise.
311
Accounting cost
Actual expense plus depreciation charges for capital equipment
312
Accounting profit
The difference between a firm's total revenue and its explicit costs.
313
Acquisition
A transaction in which a company buys another company and the purchaser has the right of direct control over the resulting operation.
314
action time lag
time between recognizing an economic problem and implementing policy to sole it; particularly long for fiscal policy (requires congressional approval)
315
actual change in money supply
actual money multiplier X change in total reserves
316
ad valorem tariff?
A Tariff based on a percentage of the price of a good.
317
Adam Smith
father of modern economics, introduced the
| notion of the `invisible hand'
318
Adverse Selection
Form of market failure resulting when products of different qualities are sold at a signle price because of asymmetric information, so that too much of the low-uality product and too little of the igh-quality product are sold. An example: The pattern in which insurance tends to be purchased disproportionately by those who are most costly for companies to insure.
319
Affregate demand (AD) curve
A curve that shows how a change in the price level will change aggregate expenditures on all goods and services in an economy.
320
Aggregate Demand
A schedule or graph that shows the value of output (real GDP) that would be demanded at different price levels.
321
Aggregate Demand Management
Government's attempt to control the aggregate level of spending in the economy.
322
Aggregate Expenditures
The total amount of spending on final goods and services in the economy; consumption ( spend-ing by consumers), investment ( (spend-ingbyconsumers),investment( spending by business), spending by government, and net foreign spending on U. S. goods ( the difference between U. S. exports and U. S. imports).
323
Aggregate Production
The total amount of goods and services produced in every industry in an economy.
324
Aggregate supply shock
Either an inflation shock or a shock to potential output; adverse aggregate supply shocks of both types reduce output and increase inflation.
325
Aggregated Supply
A schedule (or graph) that shows the value of output(real GDP) that would be produced at different price levels. In the long run, the schedule shows a constant level of real GDP at all price levels, determined by the economy’s productive capacity at full employment. In the short run, the aggregate supply schedule may show different levels of real GDP as the price level changes.
326
Aggregation
The adding up of individual economic variables to obtain economy-wide totals.
327
Allocative function of price
Changes in prices direct resources away from overcrowded markets and toward markets that are underserved.
328
An alleged example of __________ occurred in 1997, when two Korean manufacturers of semiconductors, LG Semicon and Hyundai Electronics, were accused of selling dynamic random access memory chips in the U.S. market at below unit delivered cost to market.
dumping
329
An increase in demand for a product causes the demand curve to shift left or right?
RIGHT
330
An increase in supply shifts the supply curve which way?
RIGHT
331
Anchored inflationary expectations
When people's expectations of future inflation do not change even if inflation rises temporarily.
332
anti-dumping policies?
The policy against a practice of charging a very low price in a foreign market for such economic purposes as putting rival suppliers out of business.
333
Antitrust Laws
Rules and regulations prohibiting actions that restrain, or are likely to restrain, competition
334
Appreciation
An increase in the value of a currency relative to other currencies.
335
Approximately 95 percent of the changes that countries have made pertaining to foreign direct investment regulations have:
made it easier for foreign companies to enter their markets
336
As the market in the U.S. and other advanced nations matures, the product becomes more standardized and price becomes:
the main competitive weapon.
337
asset demand
holding money as a store of value instead of other assets such as certificates of deposit, corporate bonds, and stocks
338
asset utilization ratio?
A measure of how well a firm uses its assets to generate $1 in sales.
339
assets
amounts owned; all items to which a business or hosuehold holds legal claim
340
assumption # 1 for balance sheets
required reserve ratio is 10% for all transaction deposits
341
assumption #2 for balance sheets
transaction deposits are the bank's only liabilities; reserves at a Federal Reserve district bank and loans are the bank's only assets
342
assumption #3 for balance sheets
an individual bank can lend as much as it is legally allowed
343
assumption #4 for balance sheets
every time a loan is made to an individual (consumer or business), all the proceeds from the loan are put into a transaction deposit account; no cash is withdrawn
344
assumption #5 for balance sheets
depository institutions seek to keep zero excess reserves because reserves do not earn interest
345
assumption #6 for balance sheets
depository institutions have zero net worth
346
Asymmetric information
Situations in which buyers and sellers are not equally well informed about the characteristics of goods and services for sale in the marketplace.
347
Attainable point
Any combination of goods that can be produced using currently available resources.
348
Austrian school of economics?
It is is a school of economic thought that rejects opposing economists' reliance on methods used in natural science for the study of human action, and instead bases its formalism of economics on relationships through logic or introspection called "praxeology". It is a subset of classical liberal school of economics. Friedrich Hayek was a famous member.
349
Autarky
A situation in which a country is economically self-sufficient; that is, it does not trade with other nations.
350
Automatic Stabilizer
Any government program or policy that will counteract the business cycle without any new government action.
351
automatic transfer accounts
funds are automatically transferred from savings deposits to transactions depsits whenever the account holder makes a debit-card transaction or writes a check that would otherwise cause the balance of transactions deposits to become negative
352
autonomous consumption
the part of consumption that is independent of the level of disposable income; changes in autonomous consumption shift the consumption function
353
Autonomous expenditure
The portion of planned aggregate expenditure that is independent of output.
354
Average benefit
Total benefit of undertaking n units of an activity divided by n.
355
Average cost
Total cost of undertaking n units of an activity divided by n.
356
Average expenditure
Price paid per unit of good
357
Average Fixed Cost
Fixed cost divided by quanitity produced.
358
Average labor productivity
Output per employed worker.
359
Average Product
Output per worker.
360
average propensity to consume (APC)
the proportion of total real disposable income that is consumed
361
average propensity to save (APS)
the proportion of total real disposable income that is saved
362
Average tax rate
Total taxes divided by total before-tax income.
363
Average total cost (ATC)
Total cost divided by total output.
364
Average variable cost (AVC)
Variable cost divided by total output.
365
Backward Vertical FDI?"
choosing to invest in economic activity upstream from the core business activity of the business unit.
366
Balance of Payments (BOP)?
A measure of how much money is going into or out of a country. If it is coming in, it is a positive balance. The BOP consists of the current, capital, and reserve accounts.
367
Balance of Trade
The difference between the value of the goods and services a country imports and the value of the goods and services it exports.
368
Balance sheet
A list of an economic unit's assets and liabilities on a specific date.
369
balanced budget
a situation in which the government's spending is exactly equal to the total taxes and other revenues it collects during a given period of time
370
Balance-of-payments deficit
The net decline in a country's stock of international reserves over a year.
371
Balance-of-payments surplus
The net increase in a country's stock of international reserves over a year.
372
Bank reserves
Cash or similar assets held by commercial banks for the purpose of meeting depositor withdrawals and payments.
373
bank runs
attempts by many of a bank's depositors to convert transactions and time deposits into currency out of fear that the bank's liabilities may exceed its assets
374
Banking panic
An episode in which depositors, spurred by news or rumors of the imminent bankruptcy of one or more banks, rush to withdraw their deposits from the banking system.
375
Barrier to entry
Any force that prevents firms from entering a new market.
376
barter
the direct exchange of goods and services for other goods and services without the use of money
377
Bartering
The trading of 1 good for another. This requires the double Coincidence of wants, a condition met when 2 individuals each have diff't goods that they other wants.
378
Basic elements of a game
The players, the strategies available to each player, and the payoffs each player receives for each possible combination of strategies.
379
Basic Needs
Qdequate food, clothing, and shelter.
380
Because of substantial economies of scale, the __________ theory argues that in many industries there are increasing returns to specialization.
new trade
381
Below the mid-point on a straight-line demand curve, demand is ___________
Inelastic.
382
Benefit Budget
An element of financial planning where all income is listed and compared to all expenditures. Often expenditure decisions need to be made to hold spending less than or equal to income.
383
benefit of municipal bonds?
They are always free from federal tax, and usually free from state and local tax. Because of this, their yields can be lower.
384
Bequest saving
Saving done for the purpose of leaving an inheritance.
385
Bertrand model
Oligopoly model in which firms produce a homogeneous good, each firm treats the price of its competitors as fixed, and all frims decide simultaneously what price to charge
386
Better-than-fair gamble
A gamble whose expected value is positive.
387
Bilateral Monopoly
Market with only one seller and one buyer
388
Block Pricing
Practice of Chargin different prices for different quanitites or "block" of a good.
389
Board of Governors
The leadership of the Fed, consisting of seven governors appointed by the president to staggered 14-year terms.
390
board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System
appointed by the president with the approval of the U.S. senate
391
Bond
A promise to pay a certain amount of money plus interest in the future.
392
Boom
A particularly strong and protracted expansion.
393
Brain Drain
The outflow of the best and brightest students from developing countries to developed countries.
394
Bretton Woods triangle trade?
Bretton Woods, then, created a system of triangular trade: the United States would use the convertible financial system to trade at a tremendous profit with developing nations, expanding industry and acquiring raw materials. It would use this surplus to send dollars to Europe, which would then be used to rebuild their economies, and make the United States the market for their products. This would allow the other industrialized nations to purchase products from the Third World, which reinforced the American role as the guarantor of stability. When this triangle became destabilized, Bretton Woods entered a period of crisis which lead ultimately to its collapse.
395
Budget Constraint
A curve that shows us the various combinations of goods an individual can buy with a given amount of money.
396
Budget Deficit
Refers to national budgets; occurs when government spending is greater than government income from taxes and tariffs in a given year. A yearly deficit adds to the public debt.
397
Budget Surplus
Refers to national budgets; occurs when government income is greater than government spending in a given year.
398
Bundling
Practice of selling two or more products as a package
399
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Gathers information on the status of the economy.
400
Business
A private producing unit in our society.
401
Business Cycle
The upward or downward movement of economic activity, or real GDP, that occurs around the growth trend.
402
buy local laws?"
local content requirements i.e. a % value of your good must be produced locally eg Japanese cars.
403
Buyer's reservation price
The largest dollar amount the buyer would be willing to pay for a good.
404
Buyer's surplus
The difference between the buyer's reservation price and the price he or she actually pays.
405
calculation of change in equilibrium real GDP
multiplier X change in autonomous spending
406
calculation of multiplier
1/1-MPC or 1/MPS
407
calculation of potential money multiplier
1/required reserve ratio
408
calculation of required reserves
transaction deposits X required reserve ratio
409
callable" bond?
A bond that can be paid back early, thus forcing the buyer to find another place to put his money.
410
Capital
Resources and goods made and used to produce other goods and services. Examples include buildings, machinery, tools, and equipment.
411
capital budget
expenditures on investment items, such as machines, buildings, roads, and dams
412
Capital gains
Increases in the value of existing assets.
413
Capital good
A long-lived good that is used in the production of other goods and services.
414
Capital inflows
Purchases of domestic assets by foreign households and firms.
415
Capital losses
Decreases in the value of existing assets.
416
Capital outflows
Purchases of foreign assets by domestic households and firms.
417
Capitalism
An economic system based on the market in which the ownership of the means of produ ction resides with a small group of individuals called capitalists.
418
Carl Menger?
Founder of Austrian school of economics. Started the neoclassical revolution.
419
Cartel
A coalition of firms that agree to restrict output for the purpose of earning an economic profit.
420
cartel
Market in which some or all firms explicitly collude coordinating prices and output levels to maximize profits
421
Cartel
A combination of firms that acts as if it were a single firm.
422
Cash Flow Accounting System
An accounting system entering expenses and revenues only when cash is received or paid out.
423
Cash on the table
Economic metaphor for unexploited gain from exchange.
424
causes of inflation
decline in long-run aggregate supply (continual reductions in economywide production) and if aggregate demand curve shifts rightward over time at a faster pace then the rightward progression of the long-run aggregate supply curve
425
causes of shifts in the consumption function
a change in any other relevant economic variable (besides real disposable income); # of such determinants is unlimited
426
Central Bank
A trype of banker's bank whose financial obligations underlie an economy's money supply.
427
Central bank independence
When central bankers are insulated from short-term political considerations and are allowed to take a long-term view of the economy.
428
certificate of deposit (CD)
a time deposit with a fixed maturity date offered by banks and other financial institutions
429
Chance" in Porter's Theory?
wholly unpredictable occurances that you cannot mitigate
430
Change in demand
A shift of the entire demand curve.
431
Change in supply
A shift of the entire supply curve.
432
Change in the quantity demanded
A movement along the demand curve that occurs in response to a change in price.
433
Change in the quantity supplied
A movement along the supply curve that occurs in response to a change in price.
434
changes in taxes
a rise in taxes causes a reduction in aggregate demand because it reduces consumption, investment, or net exports
435
Classical Growth Model
A model of growth that focuses on the role of capital accumulation in the growth process.
436
Closed economy
An economy that does not trade with the rest of the world.
437
Closed Shop
A firm where unions control the hiring.
438
Coase theorem
If at no cost people can negotiate the purchase and sale of the right to perform activities that cause externalities, they can always arrive at efficient solutions to the problems caused by externalities.
439
Collective good
A good or service that, to at least some degree, is nonrival but excludable.
440
Commitment device
A way of changing incentives so as to make otherwise empty threats or promises credible.
441
Commitment problem
A situation in which people cannot achieve their goals because of an inability to make credible threats or promises.
442
Commodity Money
Money that has an intrinsic value, that is, value beyond any value given to it because it is money. An example of this would be a gold coin that has value because it is a precious metal.
443
Commodity monies
Something of intrinsic value that everybody likes which means that people are confident others will accept it in future trades like grain.
444
Common Market
Characterized by free movement of factors of production.
445
Comparable Worth Laws
Laws mandating comparable pay for comparable work.
446
Comparative advantage
One person has a comparative advantage over another if his or her opportunity cost of performing a task is lower than the other person's opportunity cost.
447
comparative advantage based on?
Opportunity Cost
448
Comparative Business/Management?
compared business practices/management in various countries that are different enough to justify study and separate treatment in the academic curriculum
449
Compare the four basic types of economic systems.
Traditional, are ecomies decided by social customs; market economies, are economiesdecided by individuals; command are by gov't; mixed econ are by a combination of markets and gov't
450
Compensating wage differential
A difference in the wage rate—negative or positive—that reflects the attractiveness of a job's working conditions.
451
Competition
Attempts by two or more individuals or organizations to acquire the same goods, services, or productive and financial resources. Consumers compete with other consumers for goods and services. Producers compete with other producers for sales to consumers.
452
Competitiveness
The ability of a country to sell its goods to other countries.
453
Complements
Two goods are complements if a decrease in the price of one makes people more willing to buy the other.
454
Completely Elastic Demand
Consumer will buy a fixed quantity of a good regardless of its prices
455
Compound interest
The payment of interest not only on the original deposit but on all previously accumulated interest.
456
compound tariff?
A TARIFF for a good that combines both a SPECIFIC TARIFF plus an AD VALOREM TARIFF.
457
Concentration Ratio
The value of sales by the topfirms of an industry stated as a percnetage of total industry sales.
458
Conglomerate FDI?"
Investing in business overseas that has no relationship to your core business.
459
Conglomerate Merger
The merging of relatively unrelated businesses.
460
Consider the following scenario. The Netherlands exports tulip bulbs to almost every country in the world except Japan. The reason is that Japanese customs inspectors insist on checking every tulip bulb by cutting it down the middle (which destroys the bulb). The insistence on the part of the Japanese to inspect the bulbs in this manner (which makes it impractical for the Netherlands to export to Japan) is an example of a(n)
administrative trade policy.
461
Conspicuous Consumption
The onsumption of goods not for one's direct pleasure, but simply to show off to others.
462
Constant (or parameter)
A quantity that is fixed in value.
463
Constant returns to scale
A production process is said to have constant returns to scale if, when all inputs are changed by a given proportion, output changes by the same proportion.
464
Consumer
People who use goods and services to satisfy their economic wants.
465
Consumer Price Index
A price index that measures the cost of a fixed basket of consumer goods and services and compares the cost of this basket in one time period with its cost in some base period. Changes in the CPI are used to measure inflation.
466
Consumer Suplus
The difference between the price a consumer would be willing to pay for a good or service and what that consumer actually has to pay.
467
consumption
People who use goods and services to satisfy their economic wants.
468
Consumption expenditure
Spending by households on goods and services such as food, clothing, and entertainment.
469
Consumption function
The relationship between consumption spending and its determinants, in particular, disposable (after-tax) income.
470
consumption function
the relationship between planned real consumption expenditures of households and their current level of real disposable income; shows how much all households paln to consume per year at each level of real disposable income per year
471
consumption goods
goods purchase by households for immediate satisfaction or to use up (ex. food, movies)
472
Consumption possibilities
The combination of goods and services that a country's citizens might feasibly consume.
473
Contraction
See Recession.
474
contraction phase business cycle
Right now we are in an economy that is not expanding, instead its contracting
475
Contractionary Monetary Policy
Monetary policy that decreases the money supply and increases interest rates.
476
Contractionary policies
Government policy actions designed to reduce planned spending and output.
477
Contractual Intermediary
A financial institution that holds and stores individuals' financial assets.
478
convertible bonds?
They carry a provision that the bond can be converted into shares of common stock under certain circumstances. Convertible bonds can be more attractive that bonds with no conversion provision, depending on the price of the underlying stock.
479
Core rate of inflation
The rate of increase of all prices except energy and food.
480
Corporate Takeover
An action in which another firm or a group of individuals issues a tender offer (that is, offers to buy yup the stock of a company) to gain control and to install its own managers.
481
Corporation
A business that is treated as a person, legally owned by its stockholders. Its stockholders are not liable for the actions of the corporate "person."
482
Cost
The disadvantages of a particular course of action as measured by bad feeling, dollars, or numbers of items.
483
Costly-to-fake principle
To communicate information credibly to a potential rival, a signal must be costly or difficult to fake.
484
Cost-plus regulation
A method of regulation under which the regulated firm is permitted to charge a price equal to its explicit costs of production plus a markup to cover the opportunity cost of resources provided by the firm's owners.
485
Coupon payments
Regular interest payments made to the bondholder.
486
Coupon rate
The interest rate promised when a bond is issued; the annual coupon payments are equal to the coupon rate times the principal amount of the bond.
487
Cournot model
Oligopoly model in which firms prdouce a homogenoues good, each firm treates the output of its competitors as fixed, and all firms decide simultaneously how much to produce
488
Credentialism
When the academic degrees, or credentials, become more important than the knowledge learned.
489
Credibility of monetary policy
The degree to which the public believes the central bank's promises to keep inflation low, even if doing so may impose short-run economic costs.
490
Credible promise
A promise to take an action that is in the promiser's interest to keep.
491
Credible threat
A threat to take an action that is in the threatener's interest to carry out.
492
Credit
The opportunity to borrow money or to receive goods or services in return for a promise to pay later.
493
Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand
Ratio of percent change in quantity demanded to the percent change in the other good's price.
-Tells us how responsive the quantity demanded is to the price of OTHER goods.
494
crowding-out effect
a rise in government spending, holding taxes constant (this is, deficit spending), tends to crowd out private spending, dampening the positive effect of increased government spending on aggregate demand (this decrease normally results from the rise in interest rates)
495
currency drains
when deposits increase, public will want to hold more currency (currency in a person's wallet reamins outside banking system and cannot be held by banks as reserves from which to make loans)
496
Currency Stabilization
Buying and selling of a currency by the gobernment to offset temporary fluctuations in supply and demand for currencies.
497
Customer discrimination
The willingness of consumers to pay more for a product produced by members of a favored group, even if the quality of the product is unaffected.
498
Customs Union
characterized by common external tariffs.
499
Cyclical Unemployment
Unemployment based on normal fluctuations in the business cycle.
500
Deacquisition
One company's sale of either parts of another company it has bought or parts of itself.
