Full Review Part III

Question 1

What hormone are secondary sex characteristics in females stimulated by?

Answer 1

Estrogen

Question 2

Define: spermatogenesis

Answer 2

Production of sperm

Question 3

Where is sperm produced?

Answer 3

In the seminiferous tubules

Question 4

Define: acquired immunity

Answer 4

Immunity obtained either naturally or artificially due to exposure to antigens

Question 5

What does innate immunity act as and what are 2 examples of this? (3)

Answer 5

1. Innate immunity = first line of defense
2. Cough reflex
3. Enzymes in tears and skin oil

Question 6

What does TSH stand for?

Answer 6

Thyroid-stimulating hormone

Question 7

What does CSF stand for?

Answer 7

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 8

What does LH stand for?

Answer 8

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 9

What do CNS, PNS, and ANS stand for? (3)

Answer 9

1. CNS = central nervous system
2. PNS = peripheral nervous system
3. ANS = autonomic nervous system

Question 10

What does HcG stand for?

Answer 10

Human chorionic gonadotropin

Question 11

What does PTH stand for?

Answer 11

Parathyroid hormone

Question 12

What does ATP stand for?

Answer 12

Adenosine triphosphate

Question 13

What does LDL and HDL stand for, and which one is good?

Answer 13

1. LDL = low-density lipoprotein
2. HDL = high-density lipoprotein
3. LDL = good

Question 14

Define: negative feedback

Answer 14

Stimuli which provokes a change in a variable such that the body must change the variable back to the normal or optimal state/values

Question 15

State 2 examples of negative feedback. (2)

Answer 15

1. Body temperature

2. Glucose levels

Question 16

Are all homeostatic mechanisms positive or negative feedback mechanisms?

Answer 16

Negative feedback mechanisms

Question 17

Differentiate between left and right brain. (2)

Answer 17

1. Left = analytical

2. Right = artistic

Question 18

Define: mastication

Answer 18

Process of chewing

Question 19

How many sections is the small intestines divided into and what are they called? (4)

Answer 19

1. Three sections
2. Duodenum
3. Jejunum
4. Ileum

Question 20

Differentiate between osmosis and passive transport (diffusion). (2)

Answer 20

1. Osmosis is the passive transport of WATER ONLY

2. Diffusion is the movement of something through a membrane passively (no energy required)

Question 21

What 2 parts of the digestive tract have no other digestive functions other than being pathways? (2)

Answer 21

1. Esophagus

2. Pharynx

Question 22

What kind of contractions are provided by smooth muscles?

Answer 22

Slow contractions

Question 23

List the 3 hormones that signal the parietal cells to secrete HCl (hydrogen chloride). (3)

Answer 23

1. Gastrin
2. Histamine
3. Acetylcholine

Question 24

What hormone is calcium reabsorption controlled by?

Answer 24

Parathyroid hormone

Question 25

What is aldosterone secreted in response to?

Answer 25

Low potassium levels or high sodium levels

Question 26

Are digestive enzymes produced mostly by the intestines?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

Define: process

Answer 27

Structure that protrudes out of a bone

Question 28

Are yellow bone marrow formed at the ends of long bones?

Answer 28

No

Question 29

What are carbohydrates stored in the body as?

Answer 29

Glycogen

Question 30

What part of the brain mediates emotional responses?

Answer 30

Hypothalamus

Question 31

What are memory cells?

Answer 31

Immunocompetent lymphocytes created during an infection

Question 32

A lack of what chemical in particular may cause the heart to stop (for anatomy exam purposes)?

Answer 32

Potassium

Question 33

What do some microvilli have on their surfaces and what does this aid in? (2)

Answer 33

1. Enzymes | 2. Digesting proteins and lipids

Question 34

What organ has a major influence on the pH of the blood?

Answer 34

Kidneys

Question 35

Differentiate between oliguria, anuria, and dysuria. (3)

Answer 35

1. Oliguria = abnormal urine output (100-400mL/ 24hrs) 2. Anuria = excessively low urine production (less than 100mL/ 24hrs) 3. Dysuria = painful urination

Question 36

What does myoglobin do?

Answer 36

Store oxygen for muscle cells to use

Question 37

What is oxygen stored in for muscle cells to use?

Answer 37

Myoglobin

Question 38

What are the nerve fibers that carry signals TOWARDS the brain called?

Answer 38

Sensory neurons (afferent nerves)