Function words (from Weinreich) Flashcards
Pretty well complete list of all function words from the English-Yiddish section of Weinreich, including common transitions and some useful literary terms. (431 cards)
1
Q
about/in regard to/concerning/with respect to
A
vegn; mekoyekh; benegeye; in prat fun;
2
Q
approximately
A
an erekh; b’erekh; mer-veiniker
3
Q
according to
A
loit
4
Q
on account of/because of/due to
A
tsulib; makhmes
5
Q
finally/at last/in the end
A
endlekh; tsu letst; sof-klsof; tsu sof; lesof; in der untershter shure
6
Q
after (conj)
A
nokh dem vi
7
Q
after (conj) example, “after I saw him…”
A
nokh dem vi ikh hob im gezen
8
Q
afterwards
A
nokh dem; dernokh; shpeter
9
Q
again
A
nokh a mol; vider a mol
10
Q
alike
A
gleikh; enlekh
11
Q
all told/in all/altogether
A
(be)sakh-hakl; a klal; in gantsn; arum un arum
12
Q
that’s all!
A
un shoin! un ois! poter!
13
Q
almost/nearly
A
kimat; bald; shier nit; korev tsu
14
Q
also
A
oikh; oikhet
15
Q
although/though
A
khotch; hagam
16
Q
always
A
shtendik; ale mol; tomed
17
Q
another (one more)
A
oikh a
18
Q
anybody
A
iederer; ieder einer
19
Q
anyhow/in any case
A
sai vi sai; azoi tsi azoi; vi es zol nit zain
20
Q
except/apart from/aside from
A
khuts; akhuts; mikhuts; droisn fun
21
Q
as/like/just like
A
vi; azoi vi; mayse
22
Q
as/while/during/at the same time as
A
az; ven; beshas; beys; in meshekh fun; bemeshekh; in ein tsait mit; beshas mayse; beys mayse; tsu glaikh; far (ein) vegs; far ein(s)
23
Q
as/by way of (e.g. as a loan)
A
alts; betoyres
24
Q
as soon as
A
bald vi; glaikh vi; vi nor
25
as though
glaikh vi; a shteiger vi; punkt vi
26
as well as/also
vi oikh
27
barely/hardly/scarcely
koim, koim-koim; kimat nit
28
basically/in essence /essentially/fundamentally
in grunt; in tokh; be'etsem
29
that is/i.e.
dos heist; heist es
30
because/since
vail; vorem; makhmes; azoi vi; vi bald
31
because of
makhmes; tsulib
32
before/previous to (prep)
far; frier fun
33
before (conj)
eyder; erev
34
beforehand, earlier
frier
35
on behalf of
letoyves; fun.....s vegn; in nomen fun
36
both ... and
sai ... sai; i ... i; hen ... hen
37
briefly
in kurtsn; bekitser
38
by (in passive, e.g. written by me)
fun; durkh
39
in case/in the event that/if
tomer; oib; ven; az; beim'
40
in any case/event
oif iedn fal; iednfals
41
in that case
oib azoi; heist es
42
cause, reason
di sibe
43
certainly/by all means
oif zikher; avade; aderabe
44
it isn't certain that
s'iz nit kein reye az
45
chiefly, mainly
der iker; der hoipt; iber hoipt; der ikersht; in tokh arain
46
cite/quote
tsitirn
47
clarify
klor makhn; oifklern
48
clarity
klorkait
49
how come/why?
vi kumt es? farvos? lemay? alemay?
50
comparable
farglayklekh
51
comparatively
lefi-erekh
52
compare with
farglaykhen tsu
53
compared to
legabe; in fargleikh mit
54
completely/entirely
in gantsn; gor; far ful; legamre; kule; durkh un durkh; lakhlutn
55
comprise/consist of
arainnemen; iz bashtein fun
56
concept
der bagrif
57
conclude
farendikn
58
in conclusion
lesof
59
on condition that/provided that/as long as
bitnay az
60
in consequence of
vi a rezultat fun
61
consequently
deriber; heist es; iz; bemeyle; nimtse
62
considerable
nishkoshedik
63
on the contrary
aderabe; farkert
64
convince of
ibertsaign in; ainredn az
65
contrast with
shteln zikh ontkegn
66
during/in the course of
bemeshekh fun
67
of course!
avade! zikher!
68
crucial
kritish
69
deal with
hobn tsu ton mit
70
depending on
gevendt in; vi nokh
71
depict
oismoln
72
difference
untersheyd; khilek
73
different/unlike
andersh; nit enlekh tsu; (gor) nit vi
74
differentiate/distinguish between
unter sheidn; fanandersheidn
75
directly
glaikh; teykef
76
no doubt/doubtless
bli-sofek; bli-shum-sofek; on sofek
77
downright/outright/explicit/clear
befeyresh; on shies
78
doubtful
sofekdik
79
effect (noun)
der efekt; di virkung
80
effective
efektiv; virkevdik
81
affect/have an effect on
virkn; oprufn zikh oif
82
for example
a shteiger; tsum baishpil; lemoshl; ledugme
83
either .... or
oder .... oder
84
either one/one or the other (pronoun)
oder der, oder iener
85
otherwise/ or
anit; anisht; andersh
86
what else?
vos nokh?
87
elsewhere; somewhere else
andersh vu; ergets andersh
88
ending (noun)
der sof
89
entail/give rise to
goyrem zain
90
equally/just as
punkt azoi
91
especially/particularly
der iker; der hoipt; bazundersh; bifrat; ver redt nokh; ver shmuest; bazunder; spetsiel'
92
etcetera
un azoi vaiter; andere; ukhdoyme
93
even
afile
94
in the event of
in fal fun
95
at all events
sai vi sai; alkoponim; bekhol-oifn; iednfals
96
eventual
sofkl-sofik
97
eventually
mit der tsait; sofkl sof
98
ever since
fun demolt on
99
every time
ale mol; ieder mol
100
everybody/everyone
ieder einer; iederer; etlekher; ale
101
everything
alts; altsding
102
everywhere
umetum
103
except that
nor vos
104
give an example of
gebn a dugme fun
105
to a certain extent
biz a gevizer mos
106
extremely
gor; gor gor; biz gor
107
in fact/actually/truly/indeed
faktish; aygentlekh; far vor; oif der vor; leoylem; aderabe; be'emes; oif der/an emes; take
108
the fact that ...
dos vos ...
109
first
ersht
110
in the first place/at first
ershtns; koydem kol; tsu ersht; tsum ershtn; lekhatkhile; tkhiles; onheibs
111
from the first
(bald) fun onheib
112
consequently; it follows
nimtse
113
available, in existence (adj)
benimtse
114
as follows
azoi; ot vi; ot vi azoi
115
as follows (before a quotation)
azoi tsu zogn
116
following (adj): e.g. the following people
di vaiterdike mentchn
117
in the following words (before a quotation)
beze' haloshen
118
fortunately
tsum glik
119
furthermore
dertsu; khutz dem; i dos; oikh; vaiter
120
gather/conclude/infer (verb)
dringen
121
generally/in general/usually/as a rule
biklal; bederekh-klal; vi der shteiger iz; vi geveintlekh
122
going to/intend
klaybn zikh
123
on the one hand
fun eyn zait
124
on the other hand
fun der ander zayt; tsurik geredt
125
have this/take this/here (imperative)
na dir; nat aykh
126
I will have you know
ir zolt visn zain
127
therefore/hence
deriber; derfar; iz; alkeyn; bekheyn; bemeyle; lokhn
128
henceforth
fun itst on
129
here and there
ertervaiz
130
hereabouts
do ergets
131
hereby/with this/as a result of this/at that
dermit; derbai
132
hereof/thereof/of or concerning this/that
derfun
133
hereupon/because of this
deroif
134
hitherto/until now/previously
biz aher; biz itst; lesate; adayem
135
however/still/after all
ober; fundest'vegn; nishmer'; dokh; fort; nokh alts
136
if not/otherwise
anit; anisht
137
whether
tsi
138
whether ... or
tsi ... tsi
139
if only
oib nor; bodai; halevai
140
if so
im-keyn
141
in that (he is right in that...)
mit dem vos... (er is gerekht mit dem vos er ...)
142
inasmuch as
azoi vi; heyois vi
143
including
arainrekhndik; ainshlisndik;besoykhem
144
incomparable
nit tsu farglaykhn; umfarglayklekh
145
insofar as
oif vifil
146
-ish (suffix) e.g. bluish
-lekh (bloylekh)
147
it (pronoun)
es; se
148
itself/as such/very (e.g. adj: the very approach; adv: the very smallest)
adj: etsem; zelbiker; rekht; oyse (der etsem/zelbiker tsugan)
adv: same (der same klenster)
149
of itself
fun zikh aleyn; bemeyle
150
just (now)
okersht; grod; ot
151
just (only)
nor; bloiz
152
just (exactly)
punkt
153
what kind of
voser; voser min; vos far a
154
kinds of
azelkhe; mini; -erlai (added to numbers): e.g. tsveyerlai = two kinds of
155
all kinds of
alerlai; kolerlerlai; kol-aminim
156
kind of/sort of/more or less
mer-veiniker
157
to a great extent/largely/mostly/for the most part
in a groiser mos; al pi rov
158
lately/recently
letstns; anumlt; nit lang tsurik
159
latter
letst; tsveit
160
former
frierdik; ersht
161
at least
tsum veinikstns; tsum vinstiktsns; khotch; lekhol'-hapo-khes; lepokhes
162
to say the least/to put it mildly
eydl geredt
163
not in the least; not at all
oif a hor nit; gor
164
lest
k'dey ... nit
165
let us
lomir
166
let me
lomikh
167
instead/in lieu of
onshtot; oifn ort fun
168
like/similar to
glaikh tsu; geglikhn tsu; enlekh tsu
169
and the like
un dos glaikhn
170
like that/in that way
ot vi; ot vi azoy; ot azoy
171
likely (e.g. rain is likely)
shmekn (es shmekt mit regn)
172
likewise
dos glaikhn
173
literally
mamesh; os be-os'; kep-shute
174
look! lo!
ersht
175
as long as
kol-zman; abi
176
for a long time now
shoin lang; fun lang on
177
no longer/not any more
shoin nit; mer nit; ois
178
many/a lot
a sakh; a mase; a velt; a yam; a shlal; a guzme
179
it rains a lot/often
es regnt un regnt
180
there is a lot
s'iz faran un faran
181
no matter
alts eyns; es makht nit ois
182
no matter how good
vi gut es zol nit zain
183
no matter what
ove-tove
184
be a matter of
handlen zikh vegn
185
as a matter of fact
be-etsem
186
maybe/possibly
efsher; tomer; nit a mol? (in questions)
187
by means of
durkh
188
by no means/not at all
beshum-oyfen; be-ein oifn ... nit; far kein fal ... nit
189
meanwhile
dervail; in tsvishn; in dem beyne-lebeyne
190
mere/scanty/hardly any (adj)
nor; bloiz; loiter; nit mer vi; kimat nit
191
never mind
meyle; loz(t) tsu ru!
192
X of mine
mine/r a/n X
193
for the moment/at present
oif der rege
194
in a moment
in a rege; ot-ot
195
a moment ago
okersht; nor vos
196
more
nokh
197
more or less
fil-veinik; mer-veiniker
198
no more/not any longer
mer nit; ois
199
to be no more
zain ois
200
some more (with verbs - e.g. cook/write some more)
epes tsu (epes tsu kokhn/shraibn)
201
moreover/besides that
dertsu; akhuts dem; haint
202
most (adj)
merste; s'rov
203
for the most part (adj)
merstn teil; merstns
204
for the most part (adv)
tsum merstns
205
at most
nit mer vi; hekhstns; maximum
206
mostly
merstn teil; merstns
207
as much as
azoy fil vi
208
so much
azoy fil
209
not much
nit keyn sakh
210
not much of a/n X
knap; oikh mir a/n X
211
make much of
makhn a tsimes fun
212
namely
hayne; dehayne
213
naturally/of course
farshteit zikh; geveintlekh; natirlekh; vi der seyder iz
214
necessarily/only/none other than/nothing less than/ precisely/deliberately
davke
215
not necessarily
nit davke; lav-davke
216
if necessary
far noit
217
neither/not one or the other (adj)
nit der, nit iener; oikh nit
218
neither ... nor
nit ... nit
219
never
kein mol ... nit
220
nevertheless
fundestvegn; fort; altz
221
next (adj)
noentst; kumendik; ander
222
next to last/penultimate
farlestst
223
what next?
vos vaiter?
224
nobody, no one
keiner ... nit
225
none
keiner ... nit; kein einer ... nit
226
is that not so?
azo?
227
nothing
gornit; kein zach ... nit
228
nothing but
loiter
229
now/at present
itst; atsind
230
once in a while/every now and then/occasionally
ale vaile; fun tsait tsu tsait; a mol; teil mol; tsaitnvaiz
231
just now (a moment ago)
nor vos
232
now that (conj.)
itst az
233
nowadays
heintike tsaitn
234
nowhere
in ergets nit
235
obviously, clearly
dokh
236
often
oft; oft mol; a sakh mol
237
once/one time
eyn mol
238
at once/immediately
teykef; glaikh; shoin; eins-tsvey
239
only/unique (adj)
eyntsik
240
only (adv)
nor; mer nisht; bloiz; nit mer vi
241
only/as recently as
ersht
242
only (conj)
nor; nayert (literary)
243
not only ... but
nit nor ... nor
244
not only
nit nor; loyday'
245
openly/overtly
beyoydim; bifreyse
246
or
oder; tsi
247
or possibly
eventuel
248
in order to/so/so as to/with an aim to
kedey tsu; bikhdey tsu; mitn tsvek tsu
249
ostensibly, allegedly, would-be, not really a
kloymersht; kmoi; oikh mir a ___; shier nit a ___
250
other (adj)
ander
251
each other
eyner dem andern
252
every other/alternating (e.g. every other page)
iber; ieder tsveite (a zait iber a zait; ieder tsveite zait)
253
one or the other
eints fun di tsvey
254
outwardly
droisndik; oiserlekh; klape-khuts
255
over and over/repeatedly
vider un ober
256
overall (adj)
koyledik
257
overly/in excess
iberik
258
overt/open
ofn
259
(one's) own (adj)
eygn; leyblekh
260
on the part of
mitsad; fun X's zait
261
partial/incomplete
teilvaiz
262
partly
teilvaiz; tsum teil
263
in passing
farbaigeindik; derekh-a'gev; agev-urkhe
264
pertain to
balangen tsu; onker zikh mit; zain shayekh; zain negeye
265
(not) to the point
(nit) tsu der zakh
266
that is the point
dos iz di zakh
267
there's no point in
s'iz nit shayekh tsu
268
possible
miglekh
269
make possible
gebn di miglekhkait tsu
270
as ... as possible (e.g. as fast as possible)
vos -er, bi tsum -stn (vos gikher, vi tsum glikhstn)
271
how is that possible?
staich?
272
Is it possible?
hayitokhn?
273
potentially
bekoyekh
274
have it in one's power to
zain bikhoyles tsu
275
precisely
bediek; punkt
276
for the present/for now
dervail; lesate; oif der rege; lefisho'
277
presumably
mashmoes
278
quite/pretty/fairly (adj)
gants
279
probably
minastam; mashmoes; mistome; a svore az
280
most probable
gikher far alts
281
pursuant to/on the basis of/on the strength of
oifn smakh fun; kefi
282
at any rate/anyways
alcoponim; iedn fals; lekholadeyes
283
for no good reason; at random; just like that
stam; glat azoi; glat in der velt arain; umnisht
284
despite/regardless of
nit gekukt oif; umophendik fun
285
in relation to
legabe
286
relatively
lefie-erekh
287
respectively/in turn
in dem seyder
288
give rise to/effect
goyrem zain
289
for the sake of
tsulib; leshem
290
for x's sake
fun x's vegn
291
same (adj)
zelbiker; eigener; nemlekher
292
all the same
alts eins
293
seemingly/on the face of it/apparently
a ponem
294
in the sense of
betoyres
295
seriously/joking aside
oif an emes; on katoves
296
in short
in kurtsn; a kitser; mit ain vort
297
nothing short of
nit davke
298
soon/in short order
bald; bekorev; in gikhn; kirtslekh
299
not by a long shot
vait nit azoy
300
since/then
fun X on (adv); zint (conj)
301
slightly
a bisl; adj-lekh (slightly naive=naivlekh)
302
so/thus/in that way
azoi; azoi arum
303
so/then/therefore
iz; to; heist es; ....zhe; consecutive word order (verb-first)
304
so be it
zol zain azoy
305
is that so?
azoi gor? take? gor azoi? emes?
306
so what?
iz vos?
307
so-and-so
der un der; di un di; aza un aza
308
for some time
a shtik tsait
309
some people
a teil menchn
310
some/a certain (e.g. some/a certain child)
epes a kind
311
somebody
emetser
312
somehow
vi es iz; vi nit iz
313
something
epes; vos es iz; vos nit iz
314
something of a/n X
a shtikl X
315
sometime (adv)
a mol
316
sometimes
a mol; oft mol; ven es iz
317
somewhat/kind of
a bisl; epes
318
somewhere
in ergets; ergets vu
319
somewhere else
andersh vu
320
so-so
nishkoshe
321
in spite of/despite
nit gekukt oif/nit kukndik oif
322
considerably/substantially
hipsh; mamoshesdik
323
successively/one after the other
nokh anand
324
such
aza; azelkher; azoiner
325
such and such
dos un dos
326
suddenly
plutsling; plutsem; mit a mol; mit ein mol
327
there's no telling who/where ...
male ver/vu ....
328
that (adj)
der; di; dos; iener
329
that (pronoun)
dos; iens
330
not that (conj)
nit vos
331
in that (conj)
mit dem vos
332
the ... the (e.g. the wider the stronger)
vos -er, alts -er (vos breiter alts shtarker)
333
an X of theirs
zeyer a/n X
334
then/at that time
demolt
335
then/later/after that
vaiter
336
then again
tsurik geredt
337
there (adv)
dort
338
there (in pointing)
ot
339
to there/thither
ahin
340
there is/are (expletive)
es, se, 's
341
there is/there are
es is/zainen do
342
there is not/there are not
es iz nito keyn; es zainen nito keyn
343
there was not/there were not
es iz nit geven; es zainen nit geven
344
thereabouts
dortn ergets
345
thereof/pertaining to it (adv)
derfun
346
this (adj)
der, di, dos
347
these (adj)
di
348
this (emphatic adj)
to der, di, dos, di; der doziker
349
this & that (misc. things)
dos un ients
350
throughout (adv)
durkhois
351
throughout (prep) - (eg throughout the house)
thurkh; in gor (in gor der shtub)
352
until/up to/all the way to
(azh) biz
353
at any time
tsu ieder tsait; abi ven
354
time and again
ober un vider
355
by that time
biz demolt
356
on time/promptly
tsu der tsait; bai tsaitns
357
have time for
bavizn tsu
358
tolerably
nishkoshe
359
tomorrow
morgn
360
day after tomorrow
iber morgn
361
underneath (prep)
unter
362
underneath (adv)
untn; in der nider
363
on the understanding that
mit tnay az
364
unfortunately
tsum badoiren; tsum umglick; a shod vos
365
unless
saidn
366
be unlikely to (he's unlikely to come)
X mistome nit (er vet mistome nit kumen)
367
obvious, unmistakeable
boylet
368
unnecessarily
umzist
369
unnecessary
unzistik
370
unusual(ly)
umgeveintlekh
371
upper
eiber; eibersht
372
uppermost (adj)
eibersht
373
uppermost (adv)
same oibn
374
in this vein
in dem ton
375
very (adj)
zeyer; shtark
376
via/by way of
iber; durkh
377
point of view
kukvinkl
378
on account of
mitn koyekh fun; smakh fun
379
vis-a-vis/in regard to
kegn iber; antkegn; klape
380
wanting/lacking/disappointing (he found it wanting)
nit dos (bai im iz es geven nit dos)
381
all the way (to, from, etc)
azh
382
by the way/incidentally
agev
383
in a way
leoylem; vi nit iz
384
any way (they please)
vi nor (zey viln)
385
you're welcome (response to 'thank you')/not at all; think nothing of it
aderabe; nito farvos
386
well? (impatience)
Nu?
387
oh, well (resignation)
meyle
388
well/so (resumption of discussion)
iz
389
well, well! (surprise)
ze(t) nor ze(t)! te-te-te!
390
what for
lemay; tsu vos; nokh vos
391
what's more
nokh mer
392
what/which (what/which coat to wear)
velkher; voser (velkher/voser mantl tsu trogn)
393
what a (admiration, surprise)
sara
394
whatchamacallit/whatsitcalled/thingy (noun)
vi-ruft-men-es
395
whatever/whatsoever
vos nor; vos es zol nit zain; voser; velkher
396
whenever
ven; ven nor
397
when? (interrogative)
ven
398
when (conj)
ven, az
399
where
vu
400
to where
vuhin
401
from where
fun vanen
402
whereas/considering that
heyois (vi)
403
whereas/on the contrary/although
beshas; ven
404
whereupon/when
oif dem kukndik; nokh
405
wherever
vu; vu nor
406
whether
tsi
407
whether ... or
tsi ... tsi
408
which? (interrogative)
voser? velker?
409
which one? (of a sequence) (Which one? The third.)
der viflter (Der viflter? Der driter.)
410
What's today's date?
Der viflter is haint?
411
while a/as a (while a child)
-vaiz (kindvaiz)
412
while + gerund (while eating)
baim + infinitive (baim esn)
| gerund (esndik)
413
who? (interrog)
ver?
414
who (relative)
vos; velkher
415
whoever
ver; ver nor; ver es zol nit zain
416
whose? (interrog)
vemens?
417
whose (relative)
vos zain/ir/zeyer
418
why on earth?
vos epes?
419
I wish that/would that/if only (I wish he were here)
halevai volt (halevai volt er do geven)
420
within/inside (prep)
in; ineveinik
421
within two minutes
in nit mer vi tsvei minut
422
without/lacking
on
423
do without
bagein zikh on
424
worthwhile
kedai
425
next year
iber a yor
426
this year
hayor; haintiks yor
427
last year
far a yorn
428
every year
ale yor
429
yesterday
nekhtn
430
day before yesterday
eyer nekhtn
431
not yet
nokh (alts) nit
