Functional Groups

Question 1

Properties of alkanes

Answer 1

Non-polar

Unreactive

Question 2

Properties of alkenes

Answer 2

Non-polar

Electron rich double bond

Question 3

Properties of aromatic compounds

Answer 3

Stable delocalised ring of electrons

Question 4

Properties of alcohols

Answer 4

Polar C-OH bond

Line pair on oxygen can act as a nucleophile

Question 5

Haloalkane properties

Answer 5

Polar C-X bond

Question 6

Amine properties

Answer 6

Lone pair on nitrogen is basic and can act as a nucleophile

Question 7

Nitrile properties

Answer 7

Electron deficient carbon centre

Question 8

Carbonyl properties

Answer 8

Polar C=O bond

Question 9

Carboxylic acid properties

Answer 9

Electron deficient carbon centre

Question 10

Ester properties

Answer 10

Electron deficient carbon centre

Question 11

Acyl chloride properties

Answer 11

Electron deficient carbon centre

Question 12

Acid anhydride properties

Answer 12

Electron deficient carbon centre

Question 13

Typical reactions of alkanes

Answer 13

Radical substitution

Question 14

Alkene typical reactions

Answer 14

Electrophilic addition

Question 15

Aromatic compounds typical reactions

Answer 15

Electrophilic substitution

Question 16

Alcohol typical reactions

Answer 16

Nucleophilic substitution

Dehydration/ elimination

Question 17

Haloalkanes typical reactions

Answer 17

Nucleophilic substitution

Elimination

Question 18

Amines typical reactions

Answer 18

Neutralisation

Nucleophilic substitution

Question 19

Nitrile typical reactions

Answer 19

Reduction

Hydrolysis

Question 20

Aldehyde typical reactions

Answer 20

Nucleophilic addition
Reduction
Oxidation

Question 21

Ketones typical reactions

Answer 21

Nucleophilic addition

Reduction

Question 22

Carboxylic acid typical reactions

Answer 22

Neutralisation

Estérification

Question 23

Ester typical reactions

Answer 23

Hydrolysis

Question 24

Acyl chloride typical reactions

Answer 24

Nucleophilic addition-elimination
Condensation
Friedel-Crafts acylation

Question 25

Acid anhydride typical reactions

Answer 25

Estérification

Question 26

Addition

Answer 26

Two molecules join together to form a single product | Involves breaking a double bond

Question 27

Elimination/ dehydration

Answer 27

Involves removing a functional group which is released as part of a small molecule Often a double bond is formed

Question 28

Substitution

Answer 28

A functional group on a molecule is swapped for a new one

Question 29

Condensation

Answer 29

Two molecules get joined together with the loss of a small molecule such as water or HCl

Question 30

Hydrolysis

Answer 30

Water is used to split apart a molecule, creating two smaller ones Opposite of condensation

Question 31

Oxidation

Answer 31

Loss of electrons | In organic chemistry it usually means gaining an oxygen or losing a hydrogen atom

Question 32

Reduction

Answer 32

Gain of electrons | In organic chemistry, it usually means gaining a hydrogen atom or losing an oxygen atom