Functional Properties

Question 1

The 4 main functions of packaging

Answer 1

Protection
Containment
Convenience
Communication

Question 2

Packaging can protect food from: (6)

Answer 2

oxygen
moisture
microbes (bio contaminants)
dirt (physical contaminants)
toxins (chem contaminants)

Question 3

What is the purpose of ‘containment? (4)

Answer 3

prevent mixing (organize)
transportation
protect from damage
hold liquid foods

Question 4

How do packages provide convenience?

Answer 4

easy open/close
portioning
disposable/reusable
microwaveable/heatable

Question 5

What forms of communication does packaging provide? (5)

Answer 5

nutrition info
price
ingredients
shelf life
storage conditions

Question 6

Apart from functional requirements, modern-day packaging must also be:

Answer 6

visual appealing (help sell product; act as ‘silent salesman’)

Question 7

Packaging requirements: (5)

Answer 7

functionality
compatible with product
compatible with equipement/transport/retail
affordable
 legal requirements

Question 8

The 3 categories of damage that can happen to food:

Answer 8

physical damage
chemical change
biological damage

Question 9

Examples of physical damage: (4)

Answer 9

mechanical forces (impact, vibration, compression, abrasion)

Question 10

What can trigger chemical changes causing deterioration: (4)

Answer 10

light
oxygen
moisture
temperature change

Question 11

What are causes of biological damage?

Answer 11

microbes
pests
humans (stealing, tampering, adulteration)

Question 12

Physical protection will protect the food from: (4)

Answer 12

physical damage
spillage
physical contaminants
moisture loss/gain

Question 13

What chemical spoilage processes can occur? (6)

Answer 13

lipid oxidation
enzymatic degradation
non-enzymatic browning
nutrient loss
color change
flavor change

Question 14

advantage vs disadvantage of light in food?

Answer 14

good: help display contents
bad: damage (lipid oxidation, destroy vitamins, bleaching)

Question 15

Describe the different effects of light on aluminum foil vs PVC

Answer 15

aluminum: block ALL light

PVC: absorb UV only

Question 16

The package acts as a _____, controllling the entry/exit of things such as: (5)

Answer 16

barrier

light, gases, heat, moisture, microbes

Question 17

Why is the appearance design of a package important?

Answer 17

To sell the product!

brand image/identification

communicate

Question 18

What is a ‘brand?’

Answer 18

identifictaion; differentiates from other similar products

Question 19

What is the importance of a ‘trademark?’

Answer 19

offers legal protection for the brand

Question 20

What are the components of brand image?

Answer 20

brand personality: set of values/characteristics of brand (to relate to consumer)

Equity: established trust in company or product

Question 21

What packaging aspects can influence consumer appeal (8)

Answer 21

size/shape/value of material
easy open/reseal
storage requirements
attractiveness
instructions
gifts or promotions
recycling
point of purchase

Question 22

True/False: a successfully packaged product is targeting to ALL audiences

Answer 22

False: should target specific consumer

age/gender/education/income/ethnicity/beliefs/etc

Question 23

What needs to be considered when evaluating package compatibility with the product?

Answer 23

physical form of product (liquid/solid/paste/viscous, etc)

chemical nature of product (volatile/flammable/fragile/sterile/sensitive/etc)

Question 24

what considerations must be made for package compatilibity with transportation and retail? (6)

Answer 24

transport method
transport/storage time
weight/size restrictions
legal requirements
point/method of sale

Question 25

What is important to consider for cost of packaging? (4)

Answer 25

cost of package materials/filling/transport product value size of market shelf life

Question 26

What aspects of packaging have legal requirements to be considered? (7)

Answer 26

``` product identification nutrition label health claims contents certifications transport requirements materials ```

Question 27

for package gas permeability, what are the specific factors of concern?

Answer 27

O2, CO2, N2, H2O

Question 28

Packaging protects against environmental factors, including:

Answer 28

light odor microbes moisture

Question 29

What mechanical properties of packaging should be considered

Answer 29

``` weight elasticity heat-sealability meachanical sealability strength (tensile, tear, impact, bursting) ```

Question 30

What are concerns about package reactivity with food?

Answer 30

grease (leaching) acid (react with metal) water color

Question 31

packaging factors related to marketing:

Answer 31

printability attractiveness cost

Question 32

The ideal packaging characteristics: (9)

Answer 32

``` sanitary nontoxic transparent (can see product) lightweight easy handling/storage easy open/close returnable/recyclable/reusable safe tamper-proof ```

Question 33

What are 2 new categories of functional packaging?

Answer 33

intelligent packaging | active packaging

Question 34

What is intelligent packaging?

Answer 34

sense & measure inner attributes of product detect changes in safety/quality to notify consumer

Question 35

What is active packaging?

Answer 35

functional protective properties beyond just containment/passive protection (ex: control moisture, antimicrobial, etc)

Question 36

2 major current concerns surrounding packaging:

Answer 36

environment (too much waste) chemicals

Question 37

Food Packaging technology is closely tied to what scientific fields? (5)

Answer 37

``` Materials Food Information Socio-economics Environmental ```

Question 38

The 3 main components of the food package industry:

Answer 38

1. suppliers (converters, machinery) 2. fillers (make products to be packaged) 3. services (design, marketing, testing)

Question 39

Packaging consists of multiple ____, with each fulfilling a specific purpose, and working in an _____ fashion

Answer 39

levels integrated

Question 40

Levels of packaging systems: (4)

Answer 40

primary (direct contact with product) secondary (holds primary) shipping container (bundles packs) Unit load (several containers grouped for transport)

Question 41

Coors company introduced what packaging system?

Answer 41

Loadmaster Trays with interlocking divisions; product contained in layers (can remove trays when empty)

Question 42

large bundles such as shipping containers can be placed on:

Answer 42

pallets or dollies

Question 43

identify the different levels in a cookie packaging

Answer 43

primary: corrugated HDPE tray, PP overwrap secondary: paperboard box shipping: corrugated carton unit load: pallet wrapped with PVDC

Question 44

identify different levels in potato packaging

Answer 44

primary: paper sack (multiwall, plastic window) secondary: none shipping: none unit load: pallet of bags, stretch wrap (LDPE)

Question 45

Do all packaging systems have all the levels?

Answer 45

No

Question 46

Whate are commonly used packaging materials? (7)

Answer 46

``` wood cloth paper glass metal plastic laminates ```

Question 47

New food packaging: (6)

Answer 47

``` MAP Vacuum cooking Aseptic Smart packaging Nanotechnology Renewable/Biodegradable ```