Functional stability

Question 1

Concepts of functional stability

Answer 1

Bodys ability to hold itself together with regards to external forces

Question 2

Hypermobility v instability

Answer 2

Hyper mobility
- multiple Jts involved
- visceral symptoms- sweating, changes in body temp, blood pressure
- chronic P 3 months
- recurring episodes of P in same area
- exercise can improve or exacerbate

Instability
- single Jt involved
- P may self-resolve in days
- no visceral symptoms

Question 3

Concept of core stability

Answer 3

Capacity of muscles of torso to assist maintenance of good posture and balance, especially during movement
Protects Lsp
All need to work properly for this to function ideally

Question 4

Concept of co-ordination v reciprocal activation

Answer 4

Agonist and antagonist at same time- resist ext forces

Agonist and antagonist one at a time- minimises unnecessary resistance

Question 5

Key muscles of core

Answer 5

Key muscles- diaphragm, tranversus, multifidus, pelvic floor, obliques (opposing direction to produce cross like structure to cover trunk/torso, inc strength and flexibility)

Question 6

Supporting muscles of core

Answer 6

Thoracolumbar fascia (diamond shape, attachment for lats), linea alba (zip like seam down middle of torso), semilunaris

Question 7

Dynamic structures

Answer 7

Muscular control
Jt proprioception
Feedback- visual, balance, proprioception

Question 8

Static structures

Answer 8

Bony congruity
Ligamentous structures
Interosseous structures
Syndesmotic structures
Jt capsules- don’t have contractile qualities, control movement around them

Question 9

Movers v stabilisers

Answer 9

Movers- have ability to move whole limb
Agonist- prime mover
Antagonist- opposing prime mover
Synergist- assists prime mover

Stabiliser- stabilises whilst prime mover + synergist work

Question 10

Hypermobility

Answer 10

Condition in which most of an individual’s synovial Jts move beyond normal limits
Connective tissue disorder

Question 11

Hypermobility spectrum

Answer 11

Beighton’s scale- bend fifth finger back, thumb to wrist, ext elbow, ext knee, forward flexion of trunk (1 for L/R, 1 for flex trunk) (0-3 is normal, 4 or more/9= generalised hyper mobility)
Stretchy skin
Subjective questionnaire

Inc headaches and fatigue, difficulty sitting still- constant movement to readjust, prone to heart palpitations, mitrovalve collapsing/dysfunction
Need to keep strong and fit- need to do gradual build up, cycling is beneficial

Question 12

Pathogenesis of hyper mobility

Answer 12

• Type 1 Collagen- high tensile strength and is normally abundant in connective tissue
• Type 2 Collagen- found mainly in hyaline cartilage
• Type 3 Collagen- found in same tissue as Type 1 but in lesser amounts. Thin and elastic, found in high amounts of extensive connective tissue (e.g., vascular system, skin and lungs)
• Laxity and fragility of connective tissue coupled with decreased proprioceptive acuity and altered neuromuscular reflexes may be the cause of predisposition to damage and injury