Functionalism (beliefs)

Question 1

Durkheim

Answer 1

• distinction between sacred and profane
• studied arunta tribe - elements of totemism, created a sacred totem and used as a symbol of power
• collective conscience; sacred symbols represent shared norms and values to enhance coordination

Question 2

Malinowski

Answer 2

• religion promotes social solidarity by performing psychological functions (help cope with emotional stress)
• study of trobriand islanders in deep sea fishing- gives confidence to undertake tasks and reinforce group solidarity
• function to help with anxiety and crisis of life, giving opportunity of outlet of emotions

Question 3

Parsons

Answer 3

performs two functions;
- creates/ legitimises society’s central values through secondary socialisation (consensus)
–> 10 commandments
- primary source of meaning, answering questions about life/death/suffering to help people cope

Question 4

Bellah

Answer 4

• Civil religion; unifies society even in multifaith
• despite America’s social divisions, sacred qualities to society through religion- integrates society (pledge of allegiance)

Question 5

Shils and Young

Answer 5

• talk of reaffirming effects of the coronation which brought the nation together