Globalisation/ fundamentalism (beliefs)

Question 1

Bruce

Answer 1

• fundamentalism as being confined to monotheistic religions- believe God’s will is revealed in a single authoritative text
• can have different origins; West- reaction to change and diversity within a society

Question 2

Huntington

Answer 2

• a Clash of Civilisations; identifies 7 civilisation (Western/ Latin American/ Confucian/ Japanese etc) with large communities and shared history- shared religion can cause social cohesion
• created a them and us culture and conflicts are hard to resolve as they are deep rooted

Question 3

Nanda

Answer 3

• Hindu Ultra-nationalism India example; scientifically educated m/c continue to believe in supernatural
• religion now legitimises prosperity and consumerism; tele-gurus preach that desire is not bad and they dispense business friendly version of Hinduism- suggest m/c consumerism can be spiritually balanced

Question 4

Redding

Answer 4

• capitalism in East Asia
• post Confucian (traditional chinese belief system) values encourage hard work, self discipline, frugality and a commitment to education

Question 5

Castells

Answer 5

• fundamentalism as response to living in postmodernity:
• resistant identity; defensive reaction to those who feel threatened (fundamentalism)
• project identity; response of those who are looking forward and engage with social movements

Question 6

Giddens

Answer 6

• fundamentalism as a product and reaction to globalisation; choice, uncertainty and risk associated with a more global world news that fundamentalism can offer the uncertain and rigid answers away from risk of globalised world

Question 7

Davies

Answer 7

• fundamentalism occurs when those who hold traditional beliefs and values are threatened by modernity and feel to the need to defend themselves
• first phase gave rise to religious fundamentalism, second phase gave rise to secular fundamentalism