Functionalist Theory Of Religion

Question 1

Religion unites people

Answer 1

Durkiems study of totemism, the practice of worshipping a sacred object, showed religion in its most basic form. When people worship the totem they are actually worshipping society. This collective conscience acts as a social glue which binds society together. Those who do not believe will be kicked out and this stops social change

Question 2

Evaluation of religion United people

Answer 2

Radical feminists would argue that traditional religions reinforce patriarchal values rather than benefitting the shared culture as religious customs and laws are oppressive to women

Question 3

Religion answers ultimate questions

Answer 3

Religion answers questions such as the meaning of life and why good people die so young. Without it life would appear meaningless and undermine societies commitment to our shared values. This allows society to keep going by following and accepting the rules preventing social change

Question 4

Evaluation of religion answers ultimate questions

Answer 4

Marxists and feminists critisise this as rose tinted as religion passes on the norms and values of the dominant group not those of everyone. This keeps the subordinate group passive

Question 5

Religion provides comfort (Malinowski)

Answer 5

Religion performs positive functions for both individuals and society and it provides certainty and comfort. This happens in situations where the outcome is importante but uncontrollable and thus uncertain. And during times of life crises. Eg- funeral services act as a comfort for those who are grieving.

Question 6

Evaluation of religion provides comfort

Answer 6

This lacks contemporary relevance as people now turn to science and technology for certainty. When people are now seriously sick they get medical help rather than praying to god.

Question 7

Religion integrates society (Bellah)

Answer 7

Religion integrates multi-faith societies such through civil religion. This involves loyalty to their state and belief in god. This is expressed through rituals such as the pledge of allegiance. This is not a particular faith god but rather an American god which binds together Americans from all different backgrounds

Question 8

Evaluation of religion intergrates society

Answer 8

This is generalisation as not all Americans pledge allegiance sp society cannot all be united