Functions of Cell Organelles

Question 1

Structures closely associated with (but are not) organelles

Answer 1

Cytoplasm, Ribosome, Plasma Membrane, Centriole, Cell Wall, Cytoskeleton

Question 2

Consists of the cytosol, organelles, ions, and the plasma membrane

Answer 2

Cytoplasm

Question 3

It includes water, soluble compounds, biomolecules, and other materials

Answer 3

Cytoplasm

Question 4

Is the liquid portion of the cell, a “solution” where the organelles are suspended

Answer 4

Cytosol

Question 5

Are minuscule structures consisting of small and large units of proteins and RNA molecules

Answer 5

Ribosome

Question 6

They are sites of protein synthesis

Answer 6

Ribosome

Question 7

Some are free-floating in the cytoplasm, while some are attached to the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 7

Ribosome

Question 8

Envelopes each cell of an organism

Answer 8

Plasma Membrane

Question 9

It serves as the boundary between what is inside the cell and its external environment

Answer 9

Plasma membrane

Question 10

It regulates the movement of molecules in and out of the cell. Composed primarily of lipids with embedded proteins and carbohydrates. Sometimes called the cell membrane

Answer 10

Plasma Membrane

Question 11

Other term for the plasma membrane

Answer 11

Cell membrane

Question 12

Are structures that are present only in animals. They function during cell division, where they produce spindle fibers that aid in chromosome movement

Answer 12

Centriole

Question 13

A rigid structure that aims to protect the cell and provide structural support.

Answer 13

Cell wall

Question 14

In plants, this also has specialized structures called plasmodesmata.

Answer 14

Cell wall

Question 15

The plant cell wall is primarily composed of what?

Answer 15

Cellulose

Question 16

The fungal cell wall is composed mainly of what?

Answer 16

Chitin

Question 17

Cellulose and chitin are both examples of what?

Answer 17

Polysaccharides

Question 18

Long chains of simple sugars

Answer 18

Polysaccharides

Question 19

These are holes in the cell wall that allow the communication and transportation of materials between cells.

Answer 19

Plasmodesmata

Question 20

Are complex, dynamic networks of proteins that have diverse functions and structures.

Answer 20

Cytoskeleton

Question 21

3 types of Cytoskeleton

Answer 21

Microtubules, Intermediate Filaments, Microfilaments

Question 22

Hollow cylinders about 23 nm in diameter. Helps in the maintenance of cell shape and integrity, transportation of molecules and organelles, cellular movement, and cell wall synthesis.

Answer 22

Microtubules

Question 23

Examples of microtubules

Answer 23

Mitotic spindle fibers, flagella

Question 24

Filaments with a diameter around 10 nm. Essential in structural support and cell-to-cell junction.

Answer 24

Intermediate Filaments

Question 25

Example of intermediate filaments

Answer 25

Nuclear envelope, keratin proteins

Question 26

Are important in cytokinesis, cell shape maintenance, cellular transportation, and cell contraction

Answer 26

Microfilaments

Question 27

Membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotes

Answer 27

Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Lysosomes, Peroxisome, Mitochondria, Vacuole, Plastids

Question 28

The command center of the cell. Covered with a nuclear membrane or nuclear envelope.

Answer 28

Nucleus

Question 29

A central genetic region

Answer 29

Nucleus

Question 30

It also has nuclear pores

Answer 30

Nucleus

Question 31

Allow the movement of molecules in and out of the nucleus

Answer 31

Nuclear pores

Question 32

What is DNA

Answer 32

Deoxyribonucleic Acid

Question 33

Is a system of continuous membrane within the cytoplasm. It forms sacs called cisternae.

Answer 33

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Question 34

Sacs formed by the endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 34

Cisternae

Question 35

Two types of endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 35

Smooth ER, Rough ER

Question 36

Is responsible for the synthesis and storage of lipids

Answer 36

Smooth ER

Question 37

Responsible for the synthesis and packaging of proteins. It has ribosomes attached to it

Answer 37

Rough ER

Question 38

Composed of folded sacs like the ER. Is responsible for collecting molecules and joining them to form macromolecules

Answer 38

Golgi apparatus

Question 39

It is also responsible for packaging and transporting molecules in the cell. Transported molecules are stored in vesicle.

Answer 39

Golgi apparatus

Question 40

Formed from the Golgi apparatus. They are like specialized vesicles that function for intracellular digestion. For breaking down the "food" that enters the cell, including molecules and viruses.

Answer 40

Lysosomes

Question 41

In charge of destroying the cell when it undergoes programmed death. Contains a set of digestive enzymes

Answer 41

Lysosomes

Question 42

Digest toxic materials. Differ from lysosomes in terms of the enzymes that they contain. Contain oxidative enzymes, which are enzymes that require oxygen.

Answer 42

Peroxisome

Question 43

"Powerhouse of the cell"

Answer 43

Mitochondria

Question 44

Important in energy production. Cellular respiration occurs here.

Answer 44

Mitochondria

Question 45

Folds of the inner membrane are known as?

Answer 45

Cristae

Question 46

A fluid-filled membrane. They are much larger in plant cells. Their function is to store nutrients, wastes, and water

Answer 46

Vacuole

Question 47

Plants and algae have specialized membrane-bound organelles called ___. They have double membranes. They have diverse functions and structures.

Answer 47

Plastids

Question 48

This organelle contains disc-like structures called thylakoids

Answer 48

Chloroplast

Question 49

Contains photosynthetic pigments called chlorophyll

Answer 49

Thylakoids

Question 50

Is what the plant cell uses to collect sunlight for photosynthesis

Answer 50

Chlorophyll

Question 51

Stacks of thylakoids are called what?

Answer 51

Grana

Question 52

It is responsible for producing and storing pigments such as carotenoids. They give color to plants.

Answer 52

Chromoplast