functions of cerebellum

Question 1

Where is voluntary movement controlled by

Answer 1

Motor cortex
Brainstem
Cerebellum
Basal nuclei

Question 2

Cerebellum location

Answer 2

Part of the hindbrain
Sits in posterior fossa
Below cerebrum - seperated by the tenroium cerebelli
Connected to the brainstem via cerebllar penduncles

Question 3

Cerebellar cortex and white matter tracts

Answer 3

Cerebellar cortex = GREY matter ( folia)
outer , cell bodies, folded = lots of cell bodies

White matter underneath - axons, cerebellar pathways, from cell bodies to brain stem

Question 4

Left and right cerebllar hemispheres

Flocculonodular
Cerebellar tonsils

Answer 4

Joined by median vermis
Divided into anterior lobe and posterior love by primary fissure
FLocculonodular lobe sits behind brain stem
Cerebellar tonsils sit above foramen magnm

Question 5

Cerebellar functions

Answer 5

Movement, coordination, motor control and sensory perception

Recieves somatosensory and proprioceptive info from ENTIRE body

Question 6

Cerebellar functions - movement, coordination, motor control and sensory perception

Answer 6

• Coordinates movement on ipsilateral side
  Monitors and initates voluntary movement through manipulation of fine muscle movement
• Partly responsible for learning motor skills

Question 7

Cerebellar functions - somatosensory and proprioceptive info

Answer 7

Recieves visual, auditory and vestibular info

Provides awareness of body position/how body is coping with its environment
Integrates sensory info with motor movement plans

Question 8

Info into the cerebellum -cerebellar inputs

Answer 8

Via middle cerebellar peduncle

via inferior cerebellar peduncle

Question 9

Inferior cerebellar pedunce

Answer 9

Spinal cord - spinocerebellar( ascending tracts )—>anterior lobe and vermis

Vestibular nuceli- vestibulocerebellar tract —>anterior lobe and vermis

Inferior olive = olivocerebllar tract —>cerebellar hemispheres

Question 10

Middle cerebellar peduncle

Answer 10

Cerebral cortex = Pontocerebellar penducle

Sensory/motor cortex - pontine nuclei - cerebellar cortex ( esp lateral hemisphere)

Question 11

Peduncle

Answer 11

Stalk

Cerebellar cortex = tree

Question 12

what is a purkinje cell

Answer 12

Large output neurone in cerebellar cortex
Triangular cell body, single long axon
Numerous branching dendrides
Highly branches = LOTS OF INFO, collects inputs and sends info back to cortex
Connect cerebellar inputs and outputs

Question 13

What do purkinje cells release

Answer 13

GABA

regulate and coordinate movement

Question 14

Purkinje cells recieve input from…

Answer 14

Climbing fibers ( inferior olivary nucelus) 
Parallel fibers( granules cells

Question 15

Purkinje loss/damage

Answer 15

Neurological diseases

Question 16

Layers of cerebellar cortex?

Answer 16

Outer synaptic/receptive layer ( molecular layer)
Immediate discharge layer( purkinje cell layer)
Inner receptive layer( granule cell layer)

Question 17

5 cell types in cerebebellar cortex

Answer 17

Purkinje 
Granule 
Basket 
Stellate 
Golgi

Question 18

2 main fiber types in cerebellum cortex

Answer 18

Mossy fibres - synapse onto granule cells(smaller than purkinje but MANY more ) , come from cortex and spinal cord
Connect mossy cells with purkinje cells

Climbing fibers climb up purkinje cells and wrap around dendrites

Question 19

Pathway from purkinje cells - motor output

Answer 19

Purk***** USE SPECIAL THANKS WEBSITE

Question 20

Inputs

Answer 20

from the cerebral cortex reach cerebellar cortex via the bottleneck imposed by the much smaller pontine nuclei

Question 21

Outputs

Answer 21

(exclusively Purkinje cells) reach cerebral cortex via relays in the deep cerebellar nuclei and thalamus (via the superior cerebellar peduncles

Question 22

Info from Lateral hemispheric cortex

Answer 22

From dentate nucleus
Superior peduncle —> cerebral cortex( via thalamus)

cerebrocerebellum

Question 23

Cerebrocerebellum

Answer 23

• LOSS of control of limb movements and planning

Question 24

paravermal cortex

Answer 24

Glucose and emboliform nuceli
Superior peduncle- red nucelus- lateral descending pathways
MOTOR EXECUTION
Spinocerebellum

Question 25

Vermis

Answer 25

Fastigal nucelus --- Inferior peduncle--- medial descending pathways MOTOR EXECUTION Spinocerebellum

Question 26

Spino cerebellum

Answer 26

Loss of voluntary limb movements and associated posture

Question 27

Flocculonodular love

Answer 27

Fastigal nucelus-- inferior peduncle-- vestibular nuclei and resticular formation Control of posutre and balance, eye movement coordination Vestiblocerebellum

Question 28

Cerebellar outputs - functional subdivisions

Answer 28

Cerebrocerebellum Spinocerebellum vestibulocerebellum

Question 29

Vestibulocerebellum

Answer 29

Loss of posture and balance | Eye movement and coordiantion

Question 30

Clinical signs of cerebellar damage

Answer 30

Impaired motor function on the IPSILATERAL side of the body ``` Ataxia Intention tremor dysdiadochokinesis hypotonia nystagmus ```

Question 31

Ataxia

Answer 31

Slow and uncordinated voluntary movement

Question 32

Intention tremor

Answer 32

Uncoordinated jerky movements, overshoot-dysmetria

Question 33

Dysdiadochokinesis

Answer 33

Inability to perform rapidly alternating movements

Question 34

Hypotonia

Answer 34

Reduced tone in muscles

Question 35

Nystagmus

Answer 35

Jerky eye movements

Question 36

What initiates movement

Answer 36

CORTEX - cerebral cortex

Question 37

Cerebellum function

Answer 37

Coordination, timing, precision, accuracy, motor learning, language learning, emotion, shape perception

Question 38

What gives rise to parallel fibers

Answer 38

Granule cells

Question 39

Damage to the cerebellum highlights

Answer 39

Impaired estimation of time Impaired abstract reasoning, planning, working memory Language processing deficits Attention deficits