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Bioscience > Functions of the Endocrine System > Flashcards

Functions of the Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

The pituitary gland is connected to which part of the brain.

A

Hypothalamus

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2
Q

What are the two lobes of the pituitary gland?

A

Anterior lobe

Posterior lobe

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3
Q

How many hormones do each lobe release?

A

Anterior = 6

Posterior = 2

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4
Q

What structure triggers or inhibits the release of hormones by the anterior pituitary gland?

A

The hypothalamus

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5
Q

What 6 hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary gland?

A
  • Thyroid stimulating Hormone (TSH)
  • adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
  • Growth hormone (GH)
  • Prolactin (PRL)
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
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6
Q

What two hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland?

A

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Oxytocin (OT)

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7
Q

Where does thyroid stimulating hormone go and what it do?

A

Goes to thyroid gland

Causes release of T3 & T4 hormones

Increases metabolic rate

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8
Q

Where does adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) go and what it do?

A

Goes to adrenal cortex (on kidneys)

Stimulates release of hormones hormones there

Affects glucose metabolism

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9
Q

What does growth hormone do?

A

stimulate growth and maintenance of muscle and bone

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10
Q

What do prolactin (PR) do?

A

Simulate mammary gland development

Initiates milk production

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11
Q

What do Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) do in females? Males?

A

Females: stimulates oestrogen and follicle development

Males: testosterone concentration

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12
Q

What do Luteinizing Hormone (LH) do in females? Males?

A

Females: induces ovulation and stimulates production of oestrogen and progesterone

Males: testosterone production

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13
Q

What do Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) do?

A

Don’t let you go peepee

Keep water in the body

Doesn’t work when alcahol is around

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14
Q

What do oxytocin (OT) do?

A

Stimulate uterus contractions (fuck you)

Promotes milk ejection

Fun fact: OT released when ppl cuddle “love hormone”

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15
Q

What hormones does the thyroid gland secrete?

A

Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3)

Calcitonin

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16
Q

What hormones regulate BMR and growth and development rate

A

T3 and T4

17
Q

What hormone reduces blood calcium levels?

A

Calcitonin

18
Q

What hormone does the parathyroid gland secrete?

A

Parathyroid hormone

19
Q

What do parathyroid hormone do?

A

Increases blood calcium levels

20
Q

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal medulla? (2)

A

Epinephrine (adrenaline) and Norepinephrine

21
Q

What hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex? (3)

A
  • Glucocorticoids
  • aldosterone
  • androgens
22
Q

These pancreatic cells secrete glucagon

A

alpha islet cells

23
Q

These pancreatic cells secrete insulinn

A

beta islet cells

24
Q

What organs produce oestrogens and progesteronne?

A

Ovaries

25
Q

What organs secrete androgens (testosterone)

A

Ya balls

26
Q

Reduced growth hormone during development causes….

A

Pituitary dwarfism

27
Q

Overproduction of growth hormone before epiphyseal plates close causes….

A

Gigantism

28
Q

Overproduction of growth hormone AFTER epiphyseal plates close causes…

A

Acromegaly (enlarged face, feet, hands)

29
Q

Why is tom thumb highlighted in your powerpoint?

A

IDK but he had pituitary dwarfism

30
Q

Was Mendel a reverend?

A

He was a monk (just in case)

31
Q

What hormones control metabolic rate?

A

Thyroid hormones

32
Q

What it do when theres overproduction of thyroid hormone

A

Graves’ disease

High metabolic rate and body temp

33
Q

What it do when theres underproduction of thyroid hormone?

A

Low metabolic rate and body temp.

Cretinism

34
Q

Overproduction of insulin causes:

A

Paul Blart Mall Cop

hypoglycemia (really super bad) – can induce coma

35
Q

Underproduction of insulin causes:

A

Diabetes type I

36
Q

What the beta cells doing when someone has type I diabetes?

A

They aint doin shiiiit

aka not PRODUCING enough insulin

37
Q

Whats going on with insulin in type II

A

They produce normal amount of insulin but cells just don’t respond it it

38
Q

What is ADH also known as?

A

Vasopressin

Bioscience (7 decks)

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