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The Respiratory System Flashcards

1
Q

upper respiratory tract structures (4)

A
  • Nose
  • Nasal Cavity
  • Paranasal sinuses
  • Pharynx
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2
Q

Lower Respiratory Tract structures (5)

A
  • Larynx
  • Trachea
  • Bronchi
  • Bronchioles
  • Alveoli
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3
Q

True or false: there is no posterior cartilage on the trachea

A

True

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4
Q

Features of the tracheal cartilage

A

16-20 C-shaped cartilage that stiffens the trachea

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5
Q

What does the trachea divide into?

A

Left and right primary bronchi

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6
Q

What is the outermost layer covering the trachea and esophagus

A

Adventitia

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7
Q

Layer of trachea found deep to cartilage ring

A

Submucosa

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8
Q

Innermost layer of the trachea

A

Mucosa

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9
Q

Order of bronchial tree branching

A
  1. Trachea
  2. Left and right primary bronchus
  3. left and right secondary bronchi
  4. left and right tertiary bronchi
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10
Q

What is the membrane that lines the pleural cavities

A

Pleura

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11
Q

What is secreted by the pleura

A

Pleural fluid

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12
Q

Function of pleural cavity

A

Lubricates lungs during breathing

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13
Q

Lobes of the left lung

A
  • Superior

- Inferior

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14
Q

Lobes of the right lung

A
  • Superior
  • Middle
  • Inferior
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15
Q

The horizontal fissure is seen in which lung?

A

Right lung

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16
Q

Which fissure seen in both lungs

A

Oblique fissure

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17
Q

Name for the tip or uppermost portion of the lung

A

Apex of lung

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18
Q

Name for the lowest part of the lung, resting on the diaphragm

A

Base of lung

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19
Q

An indentation in the left lung where the heart lies against the lung

A

cardiac notch

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20
Q

What are the two zones of the respiratory system?

A

conducting zone and respiratory zone

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21
Q

Which zone conduits to gas exchange sites

A

Conducting zone

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22
Q

Which is the zone where gas exchange occurs

A

Respiratory zone

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23
Q

Involuntary muscle found in the walls of bronchi and bronchiole

A

Smooth muscle

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24
Q

Action of smooth muscle when greater volume of air is required (relax or contract?)

A

Relax/Dilate

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25
Two or more alveoli that share a common duct or opening
Alveolar sac
26
Name for terminal air sacs that constitute the gas exchange surface of the lungs
Alveoli
27
Structures that surround the thin tissue membranes of the alveoli; SITE OF GAS EXCHANGE IN THE BLOOD
Pulmonary capillaries
28
Structure that connects respiratory bronchioles to alveolar sacs
Alveolar duct
29
What encases alveoli and help with ejection of air
Elastic fibers
30
Surface area of each lung (m^2)
70-140 m^2
31
Cells that allow rapid diffusion of gases through their thin membranes
Type I alveolar cells
32
Cells that secrete surfactant
Type II alveolar cells
33
Type of white blood cell housed inside alveoli that removes inhaled particles and bacteria; also called a dust cell
Alveolar macrophage
34
The single layer of cells that makes up the wall of the alveoli
respiratory membrane
35
The chemical produced in the lungs to maintain the surface tension of the alveoli and keep them from collapsing
Surfactant
36
Skeletal muscles that elevate ribs and contract diaphragm
Intercostal muscle and diaphragm (duhh)
37
Process that maintains air flow into and out of alveoli
Pulmonary ventilation
38
The muscle and its action responsible for 25% of lung volume during inhalation
EXTERNAL intercostal muscle contraction
39
The muscle and its action responsible for 75% of lung volume during inhalation
Diaphragm ---- Contraction
40
What is the effect on air pressure during inspiration
Alveolar air pressure drops
41
Active exhalation --muscle and action
INTERNAL intercostal muscles and stomach muscles CONTRACT
42
Passive exhalation --muscles and actions
External intercostal muscles and diaphragm --- Relax
43
Describes the relationship between the pressure and volume of a gas at constant temperature; MOVEMENT OF AIR INTO AND OUT OF LUNGS FOLLOWS THIS PRINCIPLE
Boyle's law
44
Boyle's law formula
P1V1=P2V2
45
Pressure in the alveoli is called __________ pressure
intrapulmonary pressure
46
Between breaths: | Intrapulmonary pressure vs. atmospheric pressure is...
Equal pressure
47
Characterized by decreased intrapulmonary pressure and increased lung volume
Inspiration
48
Characterized by increased intrapulmonary pressure and decreased lung volume
Expiration
49
average ml of air per breath in adults
500 ml air/ breath
50
What are adaptations to oxygen demands during exercise
- Volume Increases | - # of breaths increases
51
Total lung volume is divided into 4 types of volumes
- Residual volume - Tidal volume - Inspiratory reserve volume - Expiratory reserve volume
52
Amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation
Residual volume
53
The volume of air breathed in and out without conscious effort; represents air moved in one breath
Tidal volume
54
Amount of air that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal tidal volume inhalation
Inspiratory reserve volume
55
Amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled after a normal tidal volume exhalation
Expiratory reserve volume
56
The 4 different lung capacities
- Inspiratory capacity - Functional residual capacity - Vital capacity - Total lung capacity
57
Max volume of air inhaled from normal expiratory level = tidal volume + inspiratory reserve volume
Inspiratory capacity
58
Volume of air remaining in lungs after normal expiration = expiratory reserve volume + residual volume
functional residual capacity
59
Max. volume of air that can be inhaled/exhaled = inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume
Vital capacity
60
vital capacity + residual volume
Total lung capacity
61
movement of O2 and CO2 occurs between these structures
Alveoli & pulmonary capillaries Systemic capillaries & cells
62
Describes the total pressure of a mixture of gases is the sum of the individual pressures (Ptotal=P1+P2+P3...)
Dalton's law
63
the pressure of each gas in a mixture
partial pressure
64
Describes the solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of that gas on the surface of the liquid
Henry's law
65
What is the oxyhaemoglobin saturation in systemic arterial blood
100% oxyhaemoglobin saturation
66
What is the oxyhaemoglobin saturation in systemic venous blood at rest
75% oxyhaemoglobin saturation
67
What is the Oxyhaemoglobin saturation in venous blood during vigorous exercise
25% oxyhaemoglobin saturation
68
Arterial O2 partial pressure at sea level
100 mmHg
69
Venous O2 partial pressure at sea level
40 mmHg
70
Gas exchange is dependent on
Gas partial pressures
71
True or false: I'm a smarty pants and I got this
True :)

Bioscience (7 decks)

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