GI System

Question 1

What are the 6 functional divisions of the GI tract?

Answer 1

1. Ingestion
2. Secretion
3. Mixing and propulsion
4. Digestion
5. Absorption
6. Defecation

Question 2

Why can most food not be absorbed in the form we eat?

Answer 2

Physically too big

Chemically too complex

Question 3

This enzyme breaks down carbohydrates while chewing

Answer 3

Salivary amylase

Question 4

This enzyme breaks down triglycerides while chewing

Answer 4

Lingual lipase

Question 5

Series of contractions that move bolus down GI tract

Answer 5

Peristalsis

Question 6

Describe the muscle movements involved in peristalsis

Answer 6

Circular muscles behind bolus contract

Circular muscles in ahead of bolus relax

Longitudinal muscles contract (shortens the length of the tube)

Question 7

Why is HCL in the stomach important?

Answer 7

> kills most microorganisms

> denatures proteins

> break down plant cell walls

>activates pepsinogen to form pepsin!!!!!*

> promotes flow of bile and pancreatic jooses

Question 8

What does pepsin do

Answer 8

Breaks down proteins in the stomach

Question 9

What does gastric lipase do and what is its required pH

Answer 9

Breaks down triglycerides; pH required is 5-6

Question 10

Most materials are not absorbed in the stomach. Why?

Answer 10

Mucus lining

Cell structure

Limited time chyme spends in stomach

Question 11

Although most materials are not absorbed in the stomach, what are two exceptions?

Answer 11

Alcahooool and aspirin

Question 12

Name the three parts of the small intestine in order.

Answer 12

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Question 13

How does the duodenum not disintegrate from the highly acidic chyme that is being pushed through it

Answer 13

It produces secretions to protect it from acid and enzymes in chyme

Question 14

________ duct empties into duodenum

Answer 14

Pancreatic

Question 15

Arrival of chyme into duodenum stimulates _______ secretions

Answer 15

Pancreatic

Question 16

What’s the recipe for dat gud gud pancreatic joose?

Answer 16

Amylase, lipase, nucleases & proteases/peptidases

Question 17

What does dat gud gud pancreatic joose do?

Answer 17

Helps digestion; raises pH of chyme

:)

Question 18

True or false: this isn’t so bad and it all makes sense when you think about it

Answer 18

True :)

Question 19

What 4 things do hepatocytes do?

Answer 19

1. Metabolize carbs, lipids, proteins
2. Process drugs and hormones
3. Excrete bilirubin (makes your poops brown)
4. Makes bile salts

Question 20

Where is bile produced and what does it do?

Answer 20

Liver; emulsifies lipid droplets to make them smaller and easier to absorb

Question 21

Where is bile stored?

Answer 21

Gall bladder

Question 22

90% of nutrient absorption occurs where

Answer 22

Small intestine

Question 23

Structure on intestinal cells where nutrients are absorbed into the blood

Answer 23

Villi

Question 24

Starches must be broken down into ________ in order to enter bloodstream

Answer 24

Monosaccharides

Question 25

Glucose and galactose enter intestinal cells via secondary ______ transport

Fructose enters intestinal cells by __________ diffusion

Answer 25

Active

Facilitated

Question 26

Peptides must be broken down into _______ to be absorbed

Answer 26

Amino acids

Question 27

What happens when lipids combine with bile salts

Answer 27

They become emulsified

Question 28

What enzyme is needed to break down emulsified lipids into fatty acids

Answer 28

Pancreatic lipase

Question 29

Which part of the GI tract absorbs hella water and makes you gassy

Answer 29

Large intestine

Question 30

B and K vitamins are absorbed where

Answer 30

Large intestine