fundamental neuroanatomy and spinal cord

Question 1

dorsal

Answer 1

upper side of brain

Question 2

ventral

Answer 2

under side of the brain

Question 3

rostral

Answer 3

frontal part of the brain

Question 4

caudal

Answer 4

tail of brain

Question 5

superior

Answer 5

above

Question 6

inferior

Answer 6

below

Question 7

anterior

Answer 7

in front of

Question 8

posterior

Answer 8

behind

Question 9

medial

Answer 9

towards midline

Question 10

lateral

Answer 10

away from midline

Question 11

transverse plane

Answer 11

plane that divides the body into superior and inferior sections.

Question 12

sagittal/median

Answer 12

plane that divides body into left and right sections.

Question 13

coronal/frontal

Answer 13

plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral sections.

front and back sections. boobs separate from bum.

Question 14

what are the 3 primary vesicles of the brain?

Answer 14

1. prosencephalon (forebrain).
2. mesencephalon (midbrain).
3. rhombencephalon (hindbrain).

Question 15

what does the prosencephalon (forebrain) contain?

Answer 15

1. telencephalon.
2. diencephalon.

Question 16

what does the rhombencephalon contain?

Answer 16

1. pons.
2. cerebellum.
3. medulla oblongata.

Question 17

what does the telencephalon contain?

Answer 17

1. the cerebral cortex.
2. corpus striatum.

Question 18

what does the diencephalon contain?

Answer 18

1. thalamus.
2. hypothalamus.

Question 19

frontal lobe contains….

Answer 19

motor area and Broca’s area

Question 20

what is the frontal lobe responsible for?

Answer 20

judgement,
higher cognitive functions,
motor planning,
personality.

Question 21

what does the temporal lobe contain?

Answer 21

Wernicke’s area,
amygdala,
hippocampus.

Question 22

what is the temporal lobe responsible for?

Answer 22

memory,
processing auditory info
and language comprehension,
emotion and speech.

Question 23

what is white matter composed of?

Answer 23

axons.

Question 24

what is grey matter composed of?

Answer 24

neurons

Question 25

which part is the grey matter?

Answer 25

the butterfly b

Question 26

what are the 4 components of grey matter?

Answer 26

dorsal, intermediate zone, lateral, ventral.

Question 27

what are the 4 types of neurons associated with the spinal cord?

Answer 27

1. DRG sensory. 2. motor. 3. preganglionic sympathetic neurons. 4. interneurons.

Question 28

where are DRG sensory neurons found?

Answer 28

dorsal horn.

Question 29

where are motor neurons found?

Answer 29

in the ventral horn

Question 30

where are the preganglionic sympathetic neurons found?

Answer 30

in the intermedio-lateral horn (T1-L2).

Question 31

where are interneurons found?

Answer 31

found in all grey matter regions.

Question 32

how many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 32

8.

Question 33

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 33

12

Question 34

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 34

5

Question 35

how many sacral vertebrae are there?

Answer 35

5

Question 36

what is an epidural injection?

Answer 36

an injection into the epidural space.

Question 37

what is a lumbar puncture?

Answer 37

a needle between the 3rd and 4t vertebrae. the needle enters into enlarged subarachnoid space to get the SCF.

Question 38

where is the ratio of white to grey matter largest?

Answer 38

in the cervical vertebrae.

Question 39

why id there more white matter the higher up you go?

Answer 39

because there are more axons as you go up the spinal cord.

Question 40

where is the lowest white to grey matter ratio?

Answer 40

in the sacral vertebrae.

Question 41

is the lateral horn present at all vertebrae?

Answer 41

no.

Question 42

where is the lateral horn present?

Answer 42

thoracic, upper lumbar, and sacral.

Question 43

ascending tracts are for what?

Answer 43

sensory

Question 44

descending tracts are for what?

Answer 44

motor

Question 45

what are the descending tracts?

Answer 45

vestibulospinal, reticulospinal, and corticospinal.

Question 46

what are the ascending tracts?

Answer 46

dorsal column, spinothalamic and spinocerebellar.

Question 47

spinal cord grey matter is divided into distinct regions called?

Answer 47

laminae.

Question 48

what are the 2 spinocerebellar tracts called?

Answer 48

anterior (ventral) spinocerebellar, posterior (dorsal) spinocerebellar.

Question 49

spinal grey matter is divided into distinct regions called what?

Answer 49

laminae

Question 50

how many laminae are in the spinal cord?

Answer 50

10.

Question 51

the cervical vertebrae is typically controls what?

Answer 51

upper torso and limbs.

Question 52

the thoracic vertebrae typically controls what?

Answer 52

lower torso.

Question 53

the lumbar vertebrae typically controls what?

Answer 53

lower body limbs.

Question 54

the sacral vertebrae typically controls what?

Answer 54

toes, feet, bum and bladder