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fundamental neuroscience > GABA and glycine > Flashcards

GABA and glycine Flashcards

1
Q

gaba is the major transmitter in what area?

A

the brain.

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2
Q

glycine is the major transmitter in what area?

A

spinal cord.

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3
Q

what is becucline?

A

a competitive antagonist of GABA receptors.

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4
Q

what is strychnine?

A

an antagonist of glycine.

it inhibits glycine receptors.

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5
Q

case study - adulteration:

A

cocculus indicus multum and picrotoxin was added to beer to make it poorer quality.

picrotoxin causes seizures and respiratory paralysis in the body.

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6
Q

what effect does GABA have in the NS?

A

inhibitory.

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7
Q

how is GABA synthesised?

A

Glutamate - carboxyl group —-GAD—-> GABA.

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8
Q

what is GABA synthesised from?

A

glutamate.

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9
Q

is glutamate inhibitory or excitatory?

A

excitatory.

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10
Q

is GABA inhibitory or excitatory?

A

inhibitory.

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11
Q

which enzymes degrades GABA back into glutamate?

A

GABA-transaminase (GABA-T).

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12
Q

what is GABA-T deficiency called?

A

encephalopathy.

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13
Q

where is GABAa found?

A

postsynaptic mem.

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14
Q

where is GABAb found?

A

postsynaptic and presyn mem.

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15
Q

what type of receptor is GABAa?

A

ionotropic.

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16
Q

what type of receptor is GABAb?

A

metabotropic.

17
Q

what channels is GABAb receptor coupled to?

A

CA2+ channels

18
Q

what does activation of Ca2+ channels lead to?

A

a decrease in ca2+ conductance, resulting in inhibition of transmitter release.

19
Q

GABAb agonists produce what?

A

muscle relaxation and antagonists act as anti-epileptics.

20
Q

what is the main target of alcohol/ethanol?

A

GABAa and GABAb

21
Q

what happens when ethanol binds to GABA?

(pharmaodynamics)

A

excitement, disinhibition, euphoria, relaxation.

22
Q

what type of disorders do GABA play a role in?

A

neuropsychiatric disorders.

23
Q

what effect does GABA have in embryonic NS?

A

an excitatory effect.

24
Q

why does GABA have an excitatory effect in embryonic NS?

A

because of increase cl levels.

25
Q

case study of strychnine - performance enhancement:

A

taken to enhance athletic performance as it has convulsive effects.

it disinhibits muscles in the SC, therefore increasing alertness and decreasing fatigue.

26
Q

what is glycine synthesised from and what enzyme is used?

A

serine.

SMHT enzyme.

27
Q

what substances are glycine receptors inhibited by?

A

strychnine,

non-competitively by picrotoxin,

picrotoxinin.

28
Q

what effect does glycine have in embryonic NS?

Why?

A

excitatory,

because of high levels of chlorine intrcellularly.

29
Q

what type of condition is hereditary hyperplexia?

A

a glycinerigc condition.

30
Q

what is hereditary hyperplexia caused by?

A

a mutation in GLRA1 gene - the mutation creates a receptor that cannot bind to glycine, so glycine is less able to regulate signalling in the SC and brainstem.

fundamental neuroscience (13 decks)

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