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Fundamentals 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Sex determination Gene

A

SRY gene

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2
Q

45 XO

A

Turners syndrome - Female

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3
Q

47 XXY

A

Klinefelters Syn -Male

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4
Q

Gene Codes for Testis

A

SOX 9

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5
Q

Gene Codes for Ovary

A

RSPO 1 and WNT 4

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6
Q

Best Investigation for Sex determination and to detect defect in chromosomal number

A

Karyotyping

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7
Q

Defect in Chromosomal Number

A

Aneuploidy - Triploidy, Trisomy, Monosomy.

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8
Q

Most commonly used method for sex determination

A

Looking at external genitalia

Exception- Ambigous Genitalia

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9
Q

Barr Bodies Method

A 
Method to detect sex.
Number of chromosome X-1
normal female 1
normal male 0
Turner 0
klinefelters 1
Cant diff btw them
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10
Q

Origin of Urogenital System

A

Mostly Mesodermal

Excp- Urogenital Sinus- Endodermal

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11
Q

Origin of Urogenital Ridge

A

Intermediate Mesoderm- @ 5 weeks

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12
Q

Derivatives of Urogenital Ridge

A

1) Gonads and Ducts

2) Renal System

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13
Q

External Genitalia derived from

A

Dorsosomatic part of Lateral Plate Mesoderm

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14
Q

Germ Cells are derived from

A

Epiblast- MIgrate to Yolk sac @ 3 Wks and Genital Ridge @ 5 wks

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15
Q

Gonads are derived from

A

Genital Ridge

Bipotential till 6 wks

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16
Q

Differentiation of Gonads depends on

A

SRY Gene present on Short Arm of Y chromosome
if + nt its male- XY
If - nt its female- XX

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17
Q

Medulla of Genital Ridge give rise to

A

Testis @ 7 wks

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18
Q

Cortex of Genital ridge gives rise to

A

Ovary @ 8 wks

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19
Q

Reason for Streak Ovaries in Turners

A

Absence of second X chromosome

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20
Q

Type of gonad in Klinefelter and why.?

A

Testis coz of Presence of Y chromosome

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21
Q

Spermatogonia to Primary Spermatocyte what division.?

A

Mitosis

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22
Q

Primary to Secondary Spermatocyte what division.?

A

Meiosis 1- Reduction division

46XY to 23 X and 23 Y

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22
Q

Primary to Secondary Spermatocyte what division.?

A

Meiosis 1- Reduction division

46XY to 23 XY and 23 XY

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23
Q

Secondary Spermatocyte to Spermatids.. what Division.?

A

Meiosis 2

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24
What is Spermiogenesis.? | What is Spermatogenesis.?
Spermatogenesis- Spermatogonia to Sperms | Spermiogenesis-Transformation of Spermatids to sperm.
25
1 Spermatocyte Gives rise to how many Sperms.?
1 Spermatogonia- 16 Primary Spermatocyte 1 Primary Spermatocyte - 4 Sperms so 16*4=64 sperms
26
Time Taken For Spermatogenesis
72-74 Days | Per day Avg- 100 million sperms
27
Time Taken for Spermiogenesis
12-14 Days No Mitosis/Meiosis 9+2 Arrangement Sperms lack Endoplasmic Reticulum esp RER
28
Where does Sperm attain Motility and Maturity.?
Caudal end of Epididymis
29
Genes that codes for Motility of Sperms
CATSPER
30
Ion for motility of Sperms
Ca++
31
Ion for motility of Sperms
Ca++
32
Sperms remain Motile in Female for.?
12 Hrs
33
Time taken for Sperm to reach FT.?
30 mins
34
Where is GNRH synthesised.?
Arcuate Nucleus of Hypothalamus
35
Protein for Pulsatility of GNRH
KISSPEPTIN and KISS-IR Receptor
36
LH acts on
Leydig cells - produces Testosterone
37
LH acts on
Leydig cells - produces Testosterone
38
FSH acts on
Sertoli Cells- Produces Inhibin B ( -ve FB on FSH) and ABP- Androgen binding Protein.
39
Action of Testosterone
Negative FB on LH and GNRH | Also Responsible for Spermatogenesis along with FSH and LH.
40
First stimulus req to release Testosterone
HCG from Leydig cells
41
Blood - Testis Barrier
Sertoli cells | Outside- Leydig Cells
42
When does Spermatogenesis occur.?
Puberty
43
When does Oogenesis Occur.?
in IUL
44
1) Oogonia to Primary oocyte.? | 2) Primary to Secondary oocyte.?
1) Mitosis | 2) Meiosis 1- arrested in Diplotene stage of Prophase.
45
What is Dictyate state.?
Arrested Primary Oocyte in Meiosis 1 - Diplotene Stage of prophase. Absent in Spermatogenesis
46
What is Primordial Follicle
Primary Oocyte surrounded by Follicular cells ( Granulosa and Theca)
47
When does Meiosis 1 Resume.?
At puberty coz of LH surge
48
What is Ovulation.?
Primary oocyte to Secondary oocyte plus polar body(Perivitelline Space).
49
Secondary oocyte is arrested in.?
Metaphase.
50
What does Secondary Oocyte give rise to .?
Female Pronucleus (ova) and second polar body at the time of fertilization.
51
Time Btw LH surge and Ovulation
32-36 Hrs or 24-36 Hrs
52
When is 1st and 2nd polar Body released.?
1st at time of Ovulation | 2nd at time of Fertilisation
53
Size of Follicle before Ovulation.?
18-20 mm
54
Fertilizable span of Ovum
12-24 hrs | Sperm- 48-72 hrs
55
Oogonia formed at.?
9 wks
56
Primary oocyte formed at.?
12-16 wks
57
Follicle formation starts at.? Completed by.?
15-20 wks | 22-24 wks
58
max number of follicles seen at.?
20 wks - 5-6 million
59
Number of Follicles at birth.?
1-2 Million
60
Number of Follicles at Puberty.?
4-5 Lakhs
61
Initial Recruitment or atresia of Follicles is.?
Hormone Independant.
62
Testosterone Production begins at and maximum at.?
Begins at 7-8 Wks | Max at 15 weeks and then its low till puberty.
63
Rate of testosterone prod in adult male.?
5-7 mg / day | free T level- 0.5 to 3.1%
64
Testosterone converted to estrogen by.?
Aromatase
65
Amount of E2 prod in males per day.?
50 mcg / day 20% in testis rest in Adipose tissue
66
Role of Estrogen in Males
Inc Bone Density Closure of Epiphyseal plate of Long Bones Maintenance of Body fat Sexual Function
67
Excess Estrogen in Males causes
Gynaecomastia
68
Hormone responsible for Conversion of Testosterone to DHT
5-alpha reductase
69
Most Potent Androgen
DHT
70
Ratio of Test : DHT
10/15:1
71
Meiosis 1 is also called as
Transition Meiosis

OBS (13 decks)

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